421 



HILARIUS, SAINT. 



HILL, VISCOUNT. 



422 



St. Augustine in those places which concern predestination, provoca- 

 tion, grace, and free-will." 



HILATUUS, SAINT, was born in 401, and became bishop of 

 Arelate (Aries) in 429, on the death of Honoratus, who had been the 

 means of converting him to Christianity. Hilarius was distinguished 

 by the holiness of his life and his zeal for monastic institutions ; but 

 he is more known in ecclesiastical history on account of his controversy 

 with Leo, bishop of Rome. Celidonius, bishop of Vesontio (Besan^on), 

 who had been deposed from his office by a council, at which Hilarius 

 had presided, appealed to Leo against this decision. Leo gladly availed 

 himself of this opportunity of extending the power of the Roman see, 

 and accordingly reinstated Celidonius in his bishopric. Hilarius 

 strongly opposed the decision of Leo ; but his opposition only drew 

 upon him the enmity of the Roman bishop, who soon found an oppor- 

 tunity of depriving Hilarius of the bishopric of Arelate. Several of 

 the Gallic bishops, whom he had offended by the severity with which 

 he had enforced the discipline of the church, accused him of various 

 ecclesiastical offences ; and Leo accordingly, supported by a rescript 

 of the Emperor Valentinian III., deposed Hilarius from the exercise 

 of his episcopal duties. Hilarius however still continued to possess 

 great influence in his diocese, in which he died in 449. 



Hilarius was highly esteemed by all his contemporaries ; even Leo, 

 after his death, declared that he was an upright and pious man. 

 (' Epistles of Leo,' 106.) The writings of Hilarius are lost, with the 

 exception of a life of Honoratus, a letter to Eucherius, and a poem 

 upon the beginning of Genesis ; which are published by Quesnell, at 

 the end of Leo's works, Paris, 1675. His life of Honoratus has also 

 been published by Genebrard, Paris, 1578, and from a different text 

 by Barralis, in bis 'Chron. sanct. insul. Lerio.,' Lugd, 1613: the 

 latest reprint is that of Salinas, in the ' Opera Vincentii Lirinensis et 

 Hilarii Arolatensis,' Rom., 1731. 



HILA'RIUS, a native of Sardinia, succeeded Leo I., or the Great, as 

 bishop of Rome in the year 462. He had been employed by Leo in 

 important affairs ; among others he was sent as legate to the council 

 of Ephesus, 449, against the Eutychians, and was well versed in matters 

 concerning the discipline of the church, which he displayed great zeal 

 in enforcing. He interfered in the election and consecration of bishops 

 by their metropolitans in France and Spain, and he justified his inter- 

 ference by alleging the pre-eminence of the see of Home over all the 

 sees of the west, a pre-eminence which he however acknowledged, in 

 one of his letters, to be derived from the Emperor's favour. He also 

 forbade bishops nominating their successors, a practice which was 

 then frequent. He however did not declare elections or nominations 

 to be illegal merely from his own authority, but assembled a council 

 to decide on those questions. Hilarius died at Rome in 467, and was 

 succeeded by Simplicius. 



HILDEBRAND. [GREGORY Vlt] 



HILL, AARON, was born at Beaufort Buildings, in the Strand, 

 1684-85, and having been deprived of an extensive family estate by 

 his father's imprudence, wag left dependent on his mother and grand- 

 mother. He was educated at Westminster school, and in his sixteenth 

 year went to Constantinople with the design of visiting the English 

 ambassador, Lord Paget, who was a relation of his mother. The 

 nobleman received him kindly, and provided him with a tutor, with 

 whom he travelled through a great part of the East. Having subse- 

 quently lost his kinsman's favour, he was engaged by Sir William 

 Wentwortb, of Yorkshire, as his travelling companion through Europe. 

 On his return he wrote in 1709, a ' History of the Ottoman Empire,' 

 compiled from materials collected at the Turkish court, and about 

 the same time wag made 'master' of Drury Lane theatre. At this 

 time he wrote his first tragedy of ' Elfrida.' He started several com- 

 mercial projects with indifferent success, and in 1738 withdrew to 

 Plaiatow, in Essex, where he devoted himself to study. Here he 

 translated Voltaire's tragedy of ' Merope," and lived just long enough 

 to see it produced. He died in .1749-50. Aaron Hill wrote about 

 fifteen pieces, of which only two are now remembered, ' Alzira,' and 

 ' Zara,' both of which are adaptations from Voltaire. 



HILL, SIR JOHN, was born about 1716, and began life as apprentice 

 to an apothecary in London, in which capacity he gained that know- 

 ledge of botany which is his only claim to honourable notice : though 

 being possessed of lively parts, industry, and impudence, he managed 

 to obtain in his lifetime no little notoriety. He pushed his way into 

 fashionable life; published a fashionable and scandalous newspaper 

 called the ' Inspector ;' made, puffed, and sold quack medicines ; and 

 yet found time to compose a great number of works, many very 

 voluminous, principally on botanical subjects. He was very desirous 

 to obtain admission into the Royal Society; but being rejected, on 

 account of his equivocal character, he published in revenge a ' Review 

 of the Works of the Royal Society,' 4to, 1751, in ridicule of that 

 body, which of course sealed his exclusion from it for ever. Hill 

 obtained a Scotch diploma of medicine, and assumed the title of 

 Sir John in virtue of a Swedish order of knighthood presented to him 

 by the king of Sweden in exchange for a present of his botanical 

 publications. He died in 1775. The following are some of hia most 

 considerable works: 'History of the Materia Medica,' 4 to, 1751; 

 'General Natural History,' 1748-52, 3 vols. foL; 'British Herbal,' 

 175C, fol. ; 'Vegetable System,' 1769-75, 26 vols. fol., a magnificent 

 book, containing 1600 plates, published at 38 guineas plain, and 160 



coloured ; ' Constitution of Timber from its Early Growth," fol., 

 1770, a work highly praised by Haller. (Watt, Bibl. Britann. ; and a 

 Short Account of the Life, &c., of Sir J. Sill, Edinb., 1779.) 



HILL, ROWLAND, VISCOUNT, was born on the llth of August 

 1772, at the village of Frees in Shropshire, where his father, John 

 Hill, Esq., resided till the death of his brother, Sir Richard Hill, 

 Bart., when he succeeded to the title, and removed to the family 

 mansion and estate at Hawkstone in Shropshire. Sir John Hill had 

 sixteen sons and daughters, of whom Rowland Hill was the second 

 son and fourth child, and was a nephew of the Rev. Rowland Hill, the 

 celebrated preacher. He was educated in his native county, where he 

 remained till 1790, when he entered the army as an ensign in the 38th 

 regiment of foot. Having obtained leave of absence, he went to a 

 military academy at Strasbourg, where he remained till January 24, 

 1791, when he was appointed lieutenant in an independent company 

 under Captain Broughton. On the 16th of March, in the same year, 

 he was appointed lieutenant in the 53rd, or Shropshire regiment of 

 foot. He went again to pursue his military studies at Strasbourg, but 

 returned to England at the end of the summer, joined his regiment at 

 Edinburgh January 18, 1792, and remained in Scotland till the end 

 of that year. In the early part of the year 1793 he raised an inde- 

 pendent company, for which service he received his commission as 

 captain on the 23rd of March. He took his company to Ireland, 

 delivered the men over to the 38th regiment, and returned to Shrop- 

 shire in June. Lord Hood having taken Toulon from the French in 

 August 1793, Captain Hill, before he was attached to any particular 

 corps, was employed there as aid-de-camp to three successive generals, 

 Lord Mulgrave, General O'Hara, and Sir David Dundas. On the 13th 

 of December 1793, Lord Hood and Sir David Dundas appointed him 

 the bearer of despatches to England, where he arrived on the 14th of 

 January 1794. In the early part of that year Mr. Graham (afterwards 

 Sir Thomas Graham, and subsequently Lord Lynedoch) having raised 

 a regiment of infantry, offered Captain Hill the rank of major in it, 

 on the condition of his supplying a certain quota of men, which he did. 

 This regiment was the 90th, with which he was destined to win so 

 many honours. It was afterwards augmented to 1000 men, and he 

 was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. On the 1st of 

 January 1800 he was advanced to the rank of colonel. 



Colonel Hill went through arduous duties with hia regiment at Gib- 

 raltar and elsewhere, till, on the 8th of March 1801, he landed with 

 his regiment at Alexandria in Egypt, as part of the army under Sir 

 Ralph Abercromby. He received a wound on the temple in the action 

 of March 13, 1801. After the defeat of the French he returned to 

 England, where he arrived on the 1st of April 1802. He performed 

 regimental duty in England and Ireland till 1805, when he accompanied 

 the expedition to the river Weser in Germany, but was again in England 

 at the end of January 1 806, in which year he was promoted to the rank 

 of major-general, and appointed on the staff. 



In 1808, when he was on duty in Ireland, he received an order to 

 join the army of Sir Arthur Wellesley in Portugal He landed his 

 troops successfully in Mondego Bay, August 1st to 5th, and served 

 under Sir Arthur Wellesley till the French evacuated Portugal, accord- 

 ing to the terms of the so-called convention of Cintra. He afterwards 

 served with his regiment under Sir John Moore in the latter part of 

 1808 till the battle of CoruHa, January 16, 1809, when he returned 

 with the shattered remains of the army to England. 



After a short stay in England, Major-General Hill, in 1809, re-em- 

 barked for Portugal, in command of the troops ordered from Ireland 

 for the next expedition, and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant- 

 general. He served under Sir Arthur Wellesley till the 6th of February 

 1811, when he was compelled by illness to come to England. In May 

 1811 he was again in Portugal. In March 1812 he was invested by 

 Lord Wellington with the insignia of the Order of the Bath, which 

 had been sent over for that purpose by the Secretary of State. He 

 received a slight wound on the head at the battle of Talavera, and 

 received the thanks of both houses of parliament for his services in 

 that action, as he did on other occasions afterwards. He continued to 

 serve in the Peninsular War till it terminated with the battle of 

 Toulouse. After his return to England Sir Rowland Hill was created, 

 in May 1814, Baron of Almarez and of Hawkstone, with 2000i. a year 

 to himself and his heirs male. The honour was regranted to him iu 

 1816, as Baron of Almarez and Hardwicke, with remainder, in default 

 of male issue, to the issue male of his deceased elder brother. 



On the return of Napoleon I. from Elba, in March 1815, Lord Hill 

 was appointed to a command in the Netherlands, and was engaged at 

 the battle of Waterloo. On the restoration of Louis XVIIL, ho was 

 appointed second in command of the army of occupation iu France, and 

 remained there till the evacuation of the country by the allied armies. 



In the year 1828 Lord Hill was appointed the General Commanding 

 in Chief of the Army -an office which he filled with universal appro- 

 bation till the declining state of his health compelled him to send iu 

 his resignation. He was then raised to the dignity of Viscount, Sep- 

 tember 3, 1842, with remainder to his nephew, Sir Rowland Hill, Bart., 

 who is now the second Viscount Hill. He died December 10, 1842, at 

 his residence, Hardwicke Grange, near Shrewsbury. 



A column in honour of Lord Hill, erected by subscription after the 

 termination of the Peninsular War, forms a conspicuous ornament of 

 the town of Shrewsbury. 



