HIRT, ALOY3IUS. 



HITCHCOCK, EDWARD, D.D.. LL.D. 



ugjwU. that Uippolytus was .pecially appoint*! to proud. th.re with 

 * " w l o *Wr conversion and instruction. and htno* the title wo God 

 applied to him of ' Bishop of the Gentiles.' Being a .uburbwi bUhop, 

 b wa. a member of the presbytery of Rome ; and it U deMrvine of 

 notice that the title Epiaoopiu Portuensia, 1 the title given to Hipi.o- 

 lytus by Prudrntiua, and that engraved on his atatue, U itill alray 

 riven to out of the moat eminent eocleaiutics of Rome. About 222 

 Hippolytus WM enraged in strong oppoaition to Callirtui, the Biabop 

 of Rome, atrainst whom in hu great work he inveigha with the utmoet 

 severity. In 235, probably immediately after the death of Several, in 

 the persecution o f Maximiu tho Thraoian, he wai banished with 

 Pontianui to Sardinia, He appears however to have been permitted 

 perhaps rooa after the election of Pontianos to the bishopric of Rome, 

 to return to his see; but, probably on some new charge, he was 

 wotaally ordered to be put to death (about 236-8). The mode of 

 bis martyrdom has boen variously stated, but tlio tradition referred to 

 by Prudentiu. (who flourished 3*8-405), ia that the tyrant, alluding to 

 his name, directed that he abonld be, like Hippolytus of old, torn to 

 piece, br horses, and that the heathen spectator, hastened his death 

 by staobing him. His remains were removed to the church of St 

 !^'lT C i*i* r " f > deotiull * wbi n ctuary; and Bunsen conjectures 

 it his statue, which was discovered on this site, was erected on the 

 oaaion of the solemn removal of his remains. The character of 

 Hippolytus, as a writer and an ecclesiastic, is thus summed up by 

 i .; . n Hippolytus and his Age,' 2nd ed., L 272) : 



" A* a . *ri Ur "'PPly*o possesses neither the elegance of Orieen 



nor the brilliant originality of Tertullian. His best style comes nearer 



to that of Clemens of Alexandria, but, unfortunately, he generally 



write, either in a very high-flown rhetorical style or in none at all 



This is particularly the case with the Refutation. His Greek therefore, 



is not only United with LatinUms, but often (unless some of the 



worst passage, are mere loose extract.) without any style in the con- 



.traction of the sentences. These defect, of style ore very naturally 



the reflex of the defects of his intellect and character. His reasoning 



powers cannot be measured with the three men of genius among his 



contemporaries whom we have mentioned above. But it would be 



decidedly unjust to judge him either by his philological and meta- 



phy.ical writings, or by his disputes with Cullistus. To appreciate 



Hippolytus, to understand the epithets of 'most sweet,' and 'most 



benevolent applied to him by a contemporary of Chrysostom, and 



most eloquent,' which is Jeromes expression ; in short, to under- 



go unbounded admiration, and almost apostolic nimbus which 



rrounds his name in later ages, we must contemplate him as the 



wane, platomc thinker, with his wide heart for the universality of 



od . love to mankmd in Christ, and with his glowing love of liberty, 



% jtf DCy i f m * D ' " baing the "I* ' 60 Or 8 ttn of the 

 i Spirit, and the only one congenial to the very nature of God. 



433 



in the Berlin Muwum, which brought him into a literary dispute with 

 hi, former pupil and protogo, Dr. Waawn. since well-known hy hi. 



Jndh ' *"" 



, congena o e very nature . 



lh the really distinguishing features in big character. We find 



.hem particularly developed in the ' Confession of Faith,' which forms 

 the elaborate peroration to the great work of his life." 

 K~~ lm P? rUnce ofa work profesging to be a 'Refutation of all the 

 lereees then prevalent (thirty-two being described and 'refuted'), 

 U 'f?l . 6 A C ? nfealuon v of Fa " h .' r " Dr. Wordsworth prefers to 



r^ Iv H A E237 *t tbe Heathen>> Writt8n by 8uoh n """> wil1 be 



JTSfoSSSfG , T<3ry *""* M baarin S on the iaternal h tory 

 the Church of the early part of the 3rd century, and still more as 



setting forth the received doctrine, of the Church at the same period 

 -a century earlier than the Council of Nice, and a time of transition 

 both in discipline and doctrine A. respects its theological sentiments 

 of Hippolytus may be regarded s a strong defence of the 



- 



The remaining writings of Hippolytus-those contained in the 



t^ T U / aDda * llftndiu8 ' and whioh ^okcd upon a, 

 e only fragments remain, are-' On Christ and 



ion of the time of Easter; ' 



personage*. *" D W generall y believed to be 'merely m 



became prof. of architecture and the fine arts aT^e academy of 

 Berlin, and wa. subsequently made profeasor of archoloV aT the 



*MV, uufc a mo a mil occuunt of all tho various claBMa of 

 Latterly he was much occupied in arranging the collection. 



of England. Hirt died at Berlin June^y^sTju^twTdayTaf^r' 

 entering his Mventy-eighth year. 



HI'RTIUS, AULU8, born of a patrician Roman family, applied 

 the study of rhetoric and became intimate with Cicero, who 



peaks highly of his oratorical talenU. There is a letter of Hirtiu. to 

 Cioerom tp.adAtt., xv. 6. Hirtiu. served with distinction under 

 OMW in the Gallic war. He i. generally supposed to be the author 

 of the eighth book of the Commentaries (sVetonius, Life of Caar.' 

 a 56), as well as of the book, of Cassar 1 . Alexandrian and African 

 campaigns, which are avowedly written by the same nerson a* th 

 eighth book of the 'Commentaries' Wither? to K, book ' D^ 

 Bello Hispanico, it appear, to be written by a liffcrent and an inferior 

 hand, and it has been attributed by some to C. Oppius, another 

 friend of CsBsar. (Vos.ius, ' De Historicis Latinis.') Hirtius remained 

 attached to Conr till his death, after which lie took the part of the 



enate against Antony, and was named consul with C. Vibiu. 

 n *^ , , tW , con8ul had an engagement with Antony, whom 

 they defeated near Mutina (Modena), RC. 43, but Hirtiu. was killed 

 in the battle. 



HITCHCOCK, EDWARD, D.D., LL.D, an eminent American 

 geologist was born at Deerfield, Massachusetts, United State, i 

 May 1793 In 1816 he was made head of the Academy at Deerfield 

 but resigned that office in 1819, and two years later accepted the 

 invitation to become the pastor of a congregational church at Conway 

 n the same state. But his studies were directed to science still more 

 than to theology, and Mr. Hitchcock sharing fully in the ardour which 

 the study of geology was then everywhere exciting began to make 

 himself known by his lithological investigations. In 1824 he published 

 a work of some importance, ' The Geology of the Connecticut Valley ' 

 which was received with much applause, and eventually led to his 

 being offered in 1824-5 the professorship of Chemistry and Natural 

 History in Amherst College. He continued in the zealou. discharge 

 of the duties of this office, and prosecuting his favourite studies, with 

 the occasional publication of a scientific paper in the ' Memoirs of the 

 American Academy,' or some other scientific journal, or in a mono- 

 graph, such as bis 'Catalogue of Plants within Twenty Miles of 

 Amherst (1829),' until 1830, when he wa, appointed State Geologist, 

 and called upon by the State of Massachusetts to make a survey of the 

 geology and mmeralogical resources, &c., of that state. The result of 

 bis explorations appeared in 1831 under the title of ' First Report on tho 

 Economic Geology of Massachusetts ; ' this was followed in 1833 by a 

 more comp ete ' Keport on the Geology, Botany, Zoology, &c., of Mas- 

 sachusetts," with numerou. plate, and diagrams. This report wa, 

 a work of great value, but the progress of the science having rendered 

 it desirable that a re-examination of the geological chiracter of the 

 state should be made, Dr. Hitchcock was directed to undertake it 

 Havm? done so, he drew up in 1838 a 'Report on a Re-examination 

 of the Geology of Massachusetts; but his chief work on the subject 

 embodying the results of his protracted course of investigations and 

 matured study, and one likely long to remain the standard work o 

 reference on this important portion of the United State., appeared in 

 1841 under the title ' Final Report on the Geology of Massachusetts; 

 2 vols., royal 4 to, with a map and numerous illustrations 



In 1844 Dr. Hitchcock was chosen president of Amherst Collie, 

 which important office he still hold-, together with that of profesior 

 of geology and natural theology. He had previous to this sought to 

 extend the knowledge of general as well as of local geology by his 

 Elementary Geology,' of which the first edition appeared in 1S40 

 and which having been reprinted in England with an ' Introductory 

 Notice by Dr. J. Pye Smith, became extremely popular in both coun- 

 tries, partly no doubt from the religious spirit pervading it, but which 

 it well deserved on account of its scientific merits : an 8th edition has 

 been recently issued Another work of a somewhat similar kind 

 fi^ST y P?"" " 1 , b y Dr - Hitchcock bears the title 'Outline of 

 he Geology of the Globe, and of the United States in particular.' 

 ?p iSV Hitchcock published an important monograph on the 

 ; Fo*l Footmarks in the United State^ chiefly an aocSuut of thcJ 

 in the Connecticut Valley, of which as early as 1842 Sir Charles I 

 says that Dr. Hitchcock 'Jhad observed more than 2000 impressions 

 in the district alluded to." Having been appointed by the state o 

 Massachusetts ,n 1850 State Agricultural ConTrnissioner, with directions 

 to visit and examine the chief schools of agriculture in Europe, he on 

 his return to America presented a valuable ' Report on the Agricul- 

 tural Schools of Europe,' which will be found well worth consulting 

 by any one interested in the subject. 



Beside, his numerou. papers in the American scientific journals 

 and the works above named, Dr. Hitchcock haa written several books 

 and pamphleU of a more or less directly theological character. Of 

 thesetbe chief are-' Religious Lecture, on Peculiar Phenomena in 

 the Four Lessons, delivered to the Student, in Amherst College in 



^^5^^-^^^Cv^SSt 



%^S$53" United 8tat "' or *> tb 



