ttl 



HOFMAXJi. 



HOGARTH, WILLIAM. 



4IS 



in LU own choacn walk he produced landscape* which came home with 

 peculiar fruhn*** ud enjoyment to everyone who had wandered 

 among UM scene* he had rendered palpable on bw canvas*. His Btylo 

 of painting wai broid and masculine, free from all trickery and 

 prtttine**, but tomewhat sombre in tone and colour, and wanting in 

 irmnea* and vigour of touch. As hinted above, Holland was an 

 nthuiiaitic angler, and he showed hii knowledge as well as love of 

 the 'gentle art' by publishing, in 1339, an elegantly-illustrated volume 

 tiled ' The British Angler's Manual.' From its commencement, 

 Holland was a member of the Society of British Artiste, and one of 

 the most regular contributors to it* annual exhibitions ; but ho also 

 usually srnt some pictures to the exhibition of the Royal Academy. 

 In private, and still more in domestic life, he was of a very wayward 

 temper, and somewhat too fond of society. He died on the 3rd of 

 January 1848. 



BARBARA HOFI.ANH, wife of Thomas Holland, was the daughter of 

 Mr. Robert Wreaks, a partner in a manufactory at Sheffield, where (he 

 was born in 1770. In 1798 she married Mr. Hoole, a gentleman 

 engaged in the same line of bminew as her father; he died in about 

 two years, leaving her with a son. Some ten years later she became 

 the wife of Mr. Holland, then a drawing-master at Derby. She had 

 already employed her pen as a means of augmenting her income ; but 

 after her removal to London she became one of the most prolific of 

 the female writers of the day. Her works were chiefly addressed to 

 the young, and their interesting style, narrative power, purity of 

 moral*, and instructive character, won for them extensive popularity 

 both in England and America, where several of them were reprinted. 

 According to her biographer, " nearly 300,000 copies of her works 

 were cold during her life." One of the earliest of the publications 

 which secured her reputation was the ' Clergyman's Widow; ' but the 

 best, as well as the most generally known of her works, was the ' Son 

 of a Genius,' of which twenty editions have been printed here, and 

 which, is well as being several times reprinted in America, has had 

 the fortune to be translated into several languages. Of her other 

 works, it may be enough to mention 'The Daughter in-Law;' 'Emily;' 

 the series bearing the titles of ' Energy,' ' Self- Denial,' ' Decision,' and 

 the other moral virtues ; ' The Czarina ; ' ' Says She to her Neighbour 

 What?' 'King'sSon;' 'Young Crusoe;' ' Little Dramas for Young 

 People;' 'Tales of the Manor (which, like several other of her 

 stories, is in four volumes) ; and ' Emily's Reward, or a Holiday Trip 

 to Paris,' finished just before her death. Her writings are the reflex 

 of her character, which was in every respect amiable. She survived 

 her second husband scarcely two years, and one of her Litest literary 

 productions was a brief memoir of him, which she contributed to the 

 ' Art Journal ' of March 1843, and to which we are indebted for most 

 of the facts in our notice of him. She died on the 9th of November 

 1844. A brief memoir of her life by Mr. T. Ramsay, with a selection 

 from her literary remains, appeared in 1849. 



* HOFMANN, DR. A. W., a distinguished chemist. Dr. Hofmann 

 studied chemistry in Germany under the distinguished Liebig, and 

 when the College of Chemistry was established in London in 1845, he 

 was recommended by that chemist as highly fitted for the important 

 post of superintendent of the new institution. Through Dr. Hofmann's 

 labours the Royal College of Chemistry obtained a distinguished posi- 

 tion amongst the educational institutions of this country, until it was 

 finally merged in the Metropolitan School of Science applied to Mining 

 and the Arts. The Royal College of Chemistry is now the laboratory 

 of the last institution, and still under the direction of Dr. Hofmann. 

 In the recent rapid and astonishing advances of organic chemistry, 

 Dr. Hofmann has taken a prominent and distinguished part, not 

 only in his lectures at the College and the School of Science, but in 

 his various papers published in the 'Transactions of tho Chemical 

 Society,' and in the ' Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.' 

 In the former he has published a series of papers on the nature of 

 Indigo and its compounds, which have contributed greatly to our 

 existing knowledge of the highly curious compounds procured by tho 

 decomposition of this substance. In the ' Philosophical Transactions' 

 be has published two papers, entitled ' Researches regarding the Mole- 

 cular Constitution of the Volatile Organic Bases.' In these papers he 

 has extended the views of Berzelius and Liebig, and the researches 

 of Wun on the natnre of the compounds of ammonia, and succeeded 

 in discovering several highly interesting compounds. Them and 

 other discoveries must always connect the namo of Hofmann with the 

 present rapid development of the science of organic chemistry. 



Although Dr. Hofmann is a foreigner, be has so far succeeded in 

 mastering the difficulties of oar language as to be a fluent and highly 

 popular lecturer on chemistry. He has delivered several courses of 

 lectures at the Royal Institution of Great Britain with eminent success. 

 His first course, delivered at this institution, has been published entire 

 in the ' Medical Times and Gazette.' He has also edited, in conjunction 

 with Dr. Hence Jones, the recent edition of Fowne's 'Elements ol 

 Chemistry.' On the elevation of Profetsor Graham from the poet ol 

 ehemut to the Mint to the position of master, Dr. Hofmann was 

 appointed Professor Graham's successor. Dr. Hofmann's services have 

 been often rendered in the practical application of chemistry to the 

 sanitary questions of the day. He has thus, at the request of the 

 government, examined chemically the waters of London. Ho was 

 Jaw employed, in conjunction with Professor Graham, to examine the 



litter ales supplied to the public, when a suspicion arose that they 

 ud been adulterated with strychnia. It was in thi* investigation that 

 these chemist* first showed how minute a quantity of this substance 

 could be detected by chemical reagent*. Dr. Hofmann is a Follow of 

 the Royal and member of other scientific societies of Europe. 



HOUAN, JOHN, was born in October 1800, at Tallow, in the 

 county of Waterford. At the age of fourteen he was placed in the 

 office of a solicitor in Cork, but the boy's fondness for art was so 

 manifest, that, after a brief trial, he was removed to the office of 

 Mr. (now Sir Thomas) Deane, the eminent architect of that city. But 

 as it became evident that hi* bent was towards sculpture, Sir Thomas 

 kindly encouraged, instead of thwarting, his inclination ; and though 

 Hogan remained with him till 1822, his time was wholly devoted to 

 the acquisition of the various branches of the sculptor's art. Many 

 of the carvings which he executed during this period for the buildings 

 on which Sir Thomas Deaue was engaged, ore said to evince pn-at 

 ability, both a* regards design and execution. He also, in 

 carved for Dr. Murphy a series of forty wooden figures of saint*, each 

 three feet and a half high, for decorations of a Roman Catholic chapel 

 in Cork. In 1823 he was enabled, by the kindness of Lord de Tabley 

 and other friends, to proceed to Rome. There, after diligently pro- 

 secuting his studies for about a year, he produced his first work in 

 marble, a ' Shepherd Boy,' which was purchased by Lord Powerecourt; 

 bin next was an 'Eve, after her expulsion from Paradise, finding a 

 Dead Dove,' a work of much originality, which was executed for Lord 

 de Tabley. To this succeeded his 'Drunken Faun,' which at once 

 established his reputation. Mr. Hogan returned to Ireland in 1821), 

 when he exhibited in Dublin a fine figure, ' The Dead Christ,' which 

 now forms part of the high altar of the Roman Catholic chapel, 

 Clarendon street, Dublin. From this time the sculptor found among 

 his countrymen, and among the Roman Catholic clergy, ample patron- 

 age and support ; but their commissions have to a great extent diverted 

 his chisel from the poetic class of works on which it was first engaged 

 to monumental and ecclesiastical subjects. Among his chief monu- 

 mental works may be mentioned his statues of Daniel O'Conuell, W. 

 Crawford, Bishop Brinkley, monuments to the memory of Dr. Collins, 

 the Roman Catholic bishop of Cloyne, to Dr. Macnainnra, to Dr. Doyle, 

 to W. Beamish of Beaumont, to Peter Purcell, and to a daughter of 

 Curran. Among the ecclesiastical his alto-relievo of the ' Deposition 

 from the Cross,' for the convent of Rathfarubam, and ' The Nativity,' 

 for a chapel at Dalkey. He has also executed numerous excellent 

 busts of eminent Irishmen, including Father Mathew, O'Conuall, &c. 

 Mr. Hogan has been for some yean settled in Dublin. (Art /ottrn.,<tc. ) 



* HOGARTH, GEORGE, musician and critic, was born in Scotland 

 about 1796, and commenced life as a writer to tho signet, at Edin- 

 burgh, where he was one of tho select circle clustered round Scott 

 the Erskines, Terrys, and Ballantynes one of the latter, James, 

 marrying tit. Hogarth's sister. HU musical ability and knowledge 

 subsequently led him to abandon the law, and he has since devoted 

 himself entirely to tho literature of music. Coming to London, he 

 has for many years contributed various articles on the subject to thu 

 'Morning Chronicle,' and published, in 1835, ' Musical History, 

 Biography, and Criticism.' This was followed in 1838 by ' Memoir* 

 of the Musical Drama,' a second and enlarged edition of which, under 

 the title of ' Memoirs of the Opera Italy, France, Germany, and 

 England,' was published in 2 vols. in 1851. Mr. Hogarth has published 

 aUo ' The People's Service of Song ; a Tune-Book for the Poor,' and 

 contributed to Aria's 'Birmingham Gazette' some valuable papers 

 on the ' Birmingham Musical Festivals.' In 1846, on the establish- 

 ment of the ' Daily News,' Mr. Hogarth accepted office under his son- 

 in-law, Mr. Charles Dickens, and became musical critic to the new 

 journal, to which he has since entirely devoted his abilities. 



HOGARTH, WILLIAM, was born in the parish of St. Bartholomew 

 the Great, London, in 1697, and baptised in the parish church on tho 

 28th of November. His father Richard Hogarth (or Hogart, as the 

 name seems originally to have been written and pronounced) died in 

 1721, leaving two daughters and one sou, William. Of William 

 Hogarth's education nothing has been recorded; but we may c > 

 that it was slight from the frequency of his errors in grammar ami 

 orthography. " My father's pen," writes Hogarth himself, "like that 

 of many authors, did not enable him to do more for me than put me 

 in a way of shifting for myself. As I had naturally a good eye and a 

 fondness for drawing, shows of all sorts gave me uncommon pleasure, 

 and miiniukry, common to all children, was remarkable in me. An 

 early access to a neighbouring painter drew my attention from play, 

 and 1 was at every possible opportunity employed in making drawings. 

 My exercises when at school were more remarkable for the ornaments 

 which adorned them than for the exercise itself. In the former I 

 soon found that blockheads with better memories would soon, surpass 

 me, but for the latter I was particularly distinguished." 



It was at his own wish that he was apprenticed to Ellis Gamble, a 

 silversmith in Cranbourne-street ; but he soon found this business too 

 limited, and its scope insufficient for his fancy. " The painting of 

 St. Paul's Cathedral and Greenwich Hospital," he writes, "at this time 

 going on, ran in my head, and I determined that silver-plate engraving 

 should be followed by me no longer than neceasity obliged mo to it. 

 Engraving on copper was at twenty years of age my utmost ambition." 

 In 1718 Hogarth ceased to be an apprentice, being twenty-one years 



