431 



HOLLAND, HENRY. 



HOLLAR, WENCESLAUS. 



462 



a strange fondness for the collection of scandalous anecdotes, especially 

 if the scandal be of a prurient nature, and affect the credit of ladies 

 connected with those to whom Lord Holland or his party have been 

 opposed in sentiment or politics. Happily however for our common 

 nature, many of the stories are of a kind to which it is almost impos- 

 sible to give credence, and the mischievous effects of those which bear 

 a greater semblance to truth, though perhaps equally untrue, are to 

 a great extent neutralised by the palpable carelessness of their author 

 as to the source from which they are obtained. Another work, of 

 which however only the first two volumes, 1852-M, have as jet 

 appeared, under the editorial care of the present Lord Holland, is 

 4 Memoirs of the Whig Party during My Time, by Henry Lord Holland.' 

 Though free from the worst faults of the preceding volume, and con- 

 taining some things which will cause it to be referred to by the future 

 student and historian of the period of which it treats, it is a work of 

 a low intellectual and moral tone, and displays very little literary 

 skill. The 'Memorials and Correspondence of Charles James Fox,' 

 edited by Lord John Russell, includes the materials of Lord Holland's 

 much-talked of and long-projected life of his illustrious uncle; but 

 they merely serve as evidence that Lord Holland had himself made 

 but very little progress in his self-imposed task : the passages written 

 by Lord Holland are contained in the first volume, and are marked 

 ' V. H." The posthumous publications of Lord Holland, it must be 

 confessed, have done very little to sustain the literary and intellectual 

 prestige which during his life had been so liberally accorded to him. 

 Lord Holland is also the author of a translation of Ariosto's Seventh 

 Satire, which Mr. Stuart Rose has printed in an Appendix to the fifth 

 volume of his translation of the ' Orlando Furioso ' (1827). 



Aa a speaker, Lord Holland wag more animated than graceful ; when 

 he began, in particular, he was usually for some time extremely impeded 

 and embarrassed ; and he never rose from this hesitation into anything 

 like the free and impetuous torrent of argument, or the impassioned 

 declamation, by which his relative Mr. Fox, after a similar unpromising 

 outset, used to carry everything before him. But his speaking had 

 always the charm of honesty and earnestness ; and it commonly also 

 indicated, with however little of what could be called brilliancy, a well- 

 informed miml. Lord Holland was much beloved by as extensive and 

 varied a circle of friends as perhaps any man ever possessed; and 

 his house at Kensington, interesting from its earlier history, was 

 during all his lifetime the reeort of persons distinguished both in the 

 world of politics and in that of literature. 



HOLLAND, HENRY, born about 1716, holds a high rank among 

 the architects of his own time, and was greatly patronised by 

 George IV. when Prince of Wales. But we have no information as to 

 hU personal history ; and bis finest work, the portico of Carlton 

 House, has parsed away. This portico erected about 1734 was a fine 

 Rpocimcn not merely of the Corinthian order, but of the Roman 

 Corinthian style, in its full and uniform luxuriance, every part of it 

 being highly finished up ; and not only waa the frieze of entablature 

 enriched with sculpture throughout with one exception, and that by 

 Holland himself, the only instance of such classical decoration among 

 the whole of our modern classical porticoes but even the very bases 

 of the columns were enriched with carving, a species of adornment 

 by no means thrown away, since, being so uear the eye, it challenged 

 direct and minute observation. The ionic colonnade screen in front 

 of Carlton House was censured at the time, not for its real deficiencies, 

 but aa an architectural absurdity in itself. It was objected as a con- 

 clusive argument against it, that the columns supported nothing, 

 whereas they were essential for the support of their entablature, and 

 the entablature was requisite for connecting together the two gateways. 

 While Carlton House and its fine portico have disappeared without 

 being recorded by any engravings intended as adequate architectural 

 studies of them (those in the ' Illustrations of the Public Buildings of 

 London' being both too few and upon much too small a scale to serve 

 such purpose), another work of Holland's, for the same royal patron, 

 and which has also disappeared, though in a different manner namely, 

 the I'avilion at Brighton, as it existed previously to its bring trans- 

 formed iuto its present shape by Nash has, unluckily for the credit 

 both of the architect and his princely employer, been preserved in 

 Richardson's ' Now Vitruvins Britannicna.' As a residence for the 

 Duke of York, Holland altered Feathenton* haugh House, Whitehall 

 (built by Paine), adding to it the elliptical entrance-hall, on what waa 

 originally the court-) ard, and the screen facade towards Whitehall. 



Holland erected old Drury-Lane Theatre, that i., the structure 

 which was begun in 1791 and burnt down in February 1809; and 

 which was considerably larger than the present one, their respective 

 dimensions being 320x155 and 240x135 feet; yet, except for its 

 extent and loftiness of mass, the edifice made scarcely auy preten- 

 sions to architecture externally. He was also tbe architect of another 

 building in the metropolis of considerable architectural distinction, 

 the India House, Leadenhall-street, the credit of which has, rather 

 strangely, been generally given to Richard Jupp, who was only the 

 Company's surveyor, and the conductor of the works ; the design, and 

 consequently the architecture, belonging to Holland. And the design 

 is in some respects unusually florid in character, the frieze of the 

 portico (a recessed Ionic hexastyle loggia) being highly enriched, like 

 that of Carlton House, the pediment filled in with sculpture, and its 

 wrotcria surmounted by colossal emblematical statues. All the rest 



of the facade however is by much too plain and undignified to accord 

 with such degree of embellishment confined to the centre of it, and 

 the rustication of the ground-floor, showing merely horizontal joints, 

 will bear no comparison with that classical mode of such decoration 

 which was exhibited by him in the faades of Carlton House and 

 Dover House. The entablature of the portico is suppressed elsewhere, 

 the cornice alone being continued along the rest of the front, for 

 which there is some reason, since otherwise the cornices of the 

 windows would have joined the architrave. Holland also made some 

 alterations in the mansion built by Brown at Claremont, and added 

 the colonnade screen wings to the Assembly Rooms at Glasgow. 



He died at his house in Hans Place, Sloane-street, Chelsea, on the 

 17th of June 1806, aged about sixty ; he therefore did not live to 

 witness the destruction of his Drury Lane by fire, and that of Carltou 

 House, his finest work, by demolition. 



* HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART., a distinguished physician, the 

 son of the late Peter Holland, Esq., of Knutsford, Cheshire, by a 

 daughter of the Rev. William Willetts, of Newcastle-under-Lyne, was 

 born October 27, 1788. He received his early professional education 

 at the University of Edinburgh, where he graduated M.D. in 1811. 

 Having afterwards settled in London, he commenced practice as a 

 physician, and soon succeeded in gaining for himself a high reputation. 

 In August 1840 he was appointed Physician in Ordinary to H. R. H. 

 Prince Albert, and in December 1852 Physician in Ordinary to Her 

 Majesty. Sir Henry Holland is also a Fellow of the Royal Society 

 and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in London. He is 

 well known as the author of a standard professional treatise entitled 

 ' Medical Notes and Reflections.' Sir Henry Holland was raised to a 

 baronetcy in 1853 in recognition of his eminent services as a physician. 

 He has been twice married ; his present wife is Saba, daughter of the 

 late Rev. Sydney Smith, canon of St. Paul's, and authoress of a very 

 pleasing life of her father. 



HOLLAND, PHILEMON, was bora at Chelmsford in 1551, and 

 educated there and at Trinity College, Cambridge, of which he became 

 a Fellow. Afterwards he was elected master of the Coventry free- 

 school, where he undertook those laborious versions of the classics 

 which have given him a respectable name in literature. He is, to the 

 best of our knowledge, the first English translator of Livy, Suetonius, 

 and Plutarch's ' Morals,' and the only English translator of Pliny's 

 ' Natural History,' and Ammiauus Marcellinus. He also translated 

 Xenophon's ' Cyropasdia,' and Camden's ' Britannia." In addition to 

 all this he found time to study and practise physic with considerable 

 reputation, and reached the age of eighty-five, after a most laborious 

 life, with unclouded faculties, having gone on translating till he was 

 eighty years old. < 



HOLLAND, SIR NATHANIEL DANCE. [DANCE.] 



HOLLAR, WENCESLAUS, was born at Prague, iu Bohemia, in 

 1607. He was first intended for the profession of the law ; but partly 

 from disinclination to that pursuit, and partly from the ruin of his 

 family after the taking of Prague in 1619, his views in life became 

 changed, and he took to drawing and engraving. He had some 

 instructions from Matthew Marian, an engraver who had worked under 

 Vandyke and Rubens, and who is thought to have taught Hollar that 

 peculiar manner which marks the working on his plates. 



Hollar was but eighteen when the first specimens of hia art 

 appeared. These were a print of the ' Ecce Homo,' and another of the 

 Virgin, both small plates, with a Virgin and a Christ after Albert 

 Durer, with Greek verses at the bottom of the plate, executed in 1625. 

 He removed from Prague in 1627. During his stay in different towns 

 of Germany he copied the pictures of several great artists, and took 

 perspective views and draughts of cities, towns, and countries, by land 

 and water, which in delicacy and miniature beauty were exceeded by 

 no artist of his time. His views along the Rhine, the Danube, and 

 the Neckar gained him his greatest reputation. In 1636, Howard, earl 

 of Arundel, met with Hollar, when proceeding on his embassy to 

 Ferdinand II., and immediately took him into his retinue. Hollar 

 attended him from Cologne to the emperor's court, and in this 

 progress made several draughts and prints of the places through which 

 they travelled. It was then that he took the view of Wiirzburg, 

 under which is written " Hollar delineavit in legationa Arundeliana ad 

 Imperatorem." He afterwards made a drawing of Prague which gave 

 satisfaction to his patron. 



After finishing his negociationa in Germany, Lord Arundel brought 

 Hollar to England, where he was not coufined to his lordship's service, 

 but allowed to take employment from others. His prospect of Green- 

 wich, which he finished in two plates, dated in 1C37, was one of his first 

 works iii England. In 1639 he etched several portraits of the royal 

 family for the work which was published descriptive of the entry into 

 this kingdom of Mary de' Medicls, the queen mother of France, to visit 

 her daughter Henrietta Maria. About 1640 he seems to have been 

 introduced to the royal family, to give the Prince of Wales a taste for 

 the art of design. In this year appeared his beautiful set of figures 

 entitled 'Ornatus Muliebris Anglicanus, or the several habits of 

 English women, from the nobilitie to the countrywoman, as they are 

 in these times.' In 1641 were published his prints of King Charles 

 and hia queen. At the breaking out of the civil war Lord Arundel 

 left the kingdom to attend upon tbe queen, and Hollar was left to 

 shift for himself. From some unknown cause he soon became obnoxious 



