HORSIISDAS. 



HORNER, FRANCIS. 



490 



poetry, according -to the usual acceptation of the word, are by 

 far the most valuable of his works. The Odes, which for the 

 most part are little more than trauslations or imitations of the 

 Greek poets, are generally written in a very artificial manner, and 

 seldom depict the stronger and more powerful feelings of human 

 nature. The best are those in which the poet describes the pleasures 

 of a country life, or touches on the beauties of nature, for which he 

 had the most lively perception and the most exquisite relish (' Epod., 

 2) ; nor are hia lyrical productions altogether without those touches 

 which excite our warmer sympathies. But if we were to name those 

 qualities in which Horace most excels, we should mention his strong 

 good sense, his clear judgment, and the purity of his taste. Many 

 readers, we are aware, attribute still greater merit to the poetry of 

 Horace than we are disposed to allow. 



The following are the most esteemed editions of Horace : Lam- 

 binus, 1561; Heinsius, 1629; Bentley, 1711; Burmann, 1713; 

 Sanadon, 1728; Mitscherlich, 1800; the edition of Baxter, edited by 

 Gesner and Zeune, frequently printed ; Dbring, 1828-29 ; Braunhard, 

 1833. Milnian's ' Life and Works of Horace,' London, 1849, is an 

 eminently beautiful work. Horace has been translated into almost 

 all the European languages, both in prose and verse. A few of the 

 Odes and Satires have been well translated into English, especially 

 those freely rendered by Pope and Swift; but there is no good trans- 

 lation in English of the whole of his works. That of Francis (1 vole. 

 12mo, 1747) is a poor and lifeless performance. 



HORSIISDAS, a native of Frusino, succeeded Symmachus in the 

 see of Rome in 514. Theodoric was then king of Italy, and under 

 bia wise administration the country enjoyed peace and prosperity. 

 Theodoric made valuable presents to Hormisdas to adorn the basilica 

 of the Vatican. Hormisdas repeatedly sent legates to Constantinople 

 to the Emperor Anastaeius II. and his successor Juatinus, in order to 

 put an end to the schism between the Greek and the Roman churches 

 which had originated with the patriarch Acacius. [GELASIUS L] A 

 reconciliation was effected, at least for a time. Hormisdas died in 

 the year 623, and was succeeded by John I. 



HORNE, GEORGE, D.D., BUhop of Norwich, was born November 

 1, 17aO, at Otbani, near Maidatone in Kent At the age of thirteen 

 ho was sent to school at Maidstone, under the care of the Kev. D. 

 Bye, and at fifteen was removed to University College, Oxford. He 

 was afterwards elected a Fellow of Magdalen ; of which college he 

 was appointed principal in 1768. In 1776 he was vice-chancellor; 

 and was appointed dean of Canterbury in 1781, and bishop of Norwich 

 in 1789. He died January 17, 1792, in his sixty-second year. 



Dr. Home paid particular attention to the study of Hebrew and 

 sacred* literature ; in which he adopted many of the principles of 

 Hutchiuson. His works, which are numerous, consist principally of 

 sermons and pamphlets relating to questions which have long since 

 been settled; of which a list is giveu by Jones in his edition of 

 Home's Works, 6 vols. 8vo, 1795. The most celebrated of Homes 

 works is his 'Commentary on the Book of Psalms,' which was 

 originally published at Oxford, 2 vols. 4to, 1776, and has since been 

 frequently reprinted. (Jones's Life of Jlorne.) 



* HORNE, REV. THOMAS UARTVVELL, was educated at the 

 Charterhouse School, London. The death of his parents deprived 

 him of the opportunity of prosecuting his studies at one of the uni- 

 versities, but having published the first edition of his ' Introduction 

 to the Scriptures,' the Bishop of London thought so well of it as the 

 production of a layman that he admitted Mr. Home to holy orders with- 

 out the usual preliminary step of his having taken a degree. He after- 

 wards received the degree of B.D. from St. John's College, Cambridge, 

 and that of D.D. from Washington College, Hartford, Connecticut, 

 and also from the university of Pennsylvania. The Bishop of London 

 presented him to the rectory of the united parishes of St. Edmund 

 the King and St. Nicholas Aeons, London, and he has since been 

 made a prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral Dr. Home's great 

 work is the 'Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge 

 of the Holy Scriptures,' 6 vols. 8vo, 9th edit. 1846, much improved 

 and enlarged since the first edition, which was in 2 vols. 8vo, 

 London, 1818. Besides the extensive circulation which this work has 

 obtained in the universities and other theological seminaries of the 

 United Kingdom, it has been adopted as a text-book in various uni- 

 versities and colleges in North America. The most important of his 

 otber works are the following : 'A Compendious Introduction to the 

 Study of the Bible, being an Analysis of the Introduction to the Holy 

 Scriptures,' 12mo, 1827 ; ' Deiam Refuted, or Plain Reasons for being 

 a Christian,' 12mo, 1819; 'Romanism contradictory to Scripture; 

 or the Peculiar Tenets of the Church of Rome, as exhibited in her 

 accredited Formularies, contrasted with the Holy Scriptures,' 12mo, 

 1827- ' Mariolatry ; or Facts and Evidences demonstrating the 

 Worship of the Blessed Virgin Mary by the Church of Rome; derived 

 from the Testimonies of her reputed Saints and Doctors, from her 

 Breviary and other authorised Formularies of Devotion, confirmed by 

 the Attestations of Travellers,' 2nd edit. 1841 ; ' The Scripture 

 Doctrine of the Trinity briefly stated and defended, and the Church 

 of England vindicated from the Charge of Uncharitableness in 

 retaining the Athanasian Creed,' 12mo; 'A Manual of Parochial 

 Psalmody,' 18mo, 1829; 'A Manual for the Afflicted, 18mo, 18.52; 

 AM* nual of Biblical Biography ,'8vo; 'A Protestant Memorial, 12mo. 



HORNE, RICHARD HENRY, was born about the commence- 

 ment of the present century. He was for a short time at Sandhurst, 

 in expectation of a military appointment in the East India Company's 

 service ; but when he left that school, he entered into the Mexican 

 service as midshipman, in which he remained until the termination 

 of the war with Spain. On the conclusion of the war Mr. Home 

 turned his attention to literature. After contributing to the peri- 

 odicals of the time, he wrote several dramas on the Elizabethan 

 models, which he had already largely extolled. ' The Death of Mar- 

 lowe,' and ' Cosmo de Medicis,' both published in 1837, were followed 

 by ' The Death Fetch,' and, in 1840, by ' Gregory the Seventh,' to 

 which was added a critical essay on Tragic Influence. About this 

 time Mr. Home published a work called ' An Exposition of the False 

 Medium, excluding Men of Genius from the Public,' in which he 

 endeavours to show that the external machinery of literature deprives 

 it of much of its internal influence. These views were probably 

 derived from his own experience mainly, for it is evident that the works 

 of Mr. Home did not sell. He had founded, or allied himself with, 

 a body of literary men holding peculiar views, and calling themselves 

 Syncritics, who, admired and followed by a few, were decried or 

 neglected by the many. Mr. Home's next work was a 'Life of 

 Napoleon ' (Tyas's Illustrated Edition), published in 1841 ; and in 1843 

 much merriment was excited by the announcement, ' Orion : an Epic 

 Poem. Price One Farthing.' It was understood as an indignantly sar- 

 castic concession to the public appreciation of the value of such things. 

 However, a very large number of farthing copies were sold ; subse- 

 quent editions at a penny, at half-a-crown, and at five shillings, made 

 ' Orion ' a good speculation, and secured its perusal by numbers 

 who consider it one of the best epics of modern times. It contains 

 lines which have passed into daily use. This was followed next year 

 by ' A New Spirit of the Age,' 2 vols., a work on the principle of 

 Hazlitt's 'Spirit of the Age. 1 It contains some fine criticisms of 

 modern writers, with, of course, many exaggerative pros and cons, 

 sins of omission and commission. ' Ballad Romances ' followed in 

 1846; 'Judas Iscariot, a Miracle Play, with Poems,' in 1848 ; 'The 

 Poor Artist; or Seven Eyesights and one Object,' in 1850; and the 

 ' Dreamer and the Worker, a Story of the Present Time,' 2 vols., in 

 1851. Mr. Home has edited ' The Monthly Repository,' and con- 

 tributed largely to the ' Church of England Quarterly,' the ' New 

 Quarterly,' and to 'Household Words.' His last dramatic work, 

 'Alsargis,' was produced in the present year, 1856, at Drury Lane 

 Theatre. In 1852 Mr. Home accompanied Mr. Howitt and some 

 other friends to Australia, and met with various fortunes. Finding the 

 labours and privations of gold-digging too severe, he became consecu- 

 tively'a Chief of Mounted Police, and a Gold Commissioner. Some of 

 his experiences may be traced, anonymously, in ' Household Words.' 

 HORNE TOOKE. [TooKK.] 



HORNER, FRANCIS, was born on the 12th of August 1778, m 

 the city of Edinburgh, where his father was a merchant. He was 

 educated at the High School of Edinburgh; in 1792 he matriculated 

 at the University of Edinburgh, where he pursued his studies till the 



summer of 1795. He was then seventeen years of age, and being 

 disposed to select the law as bis profession, his father sent him to 

 England, and placed him under the care of the Rev. John Hewlett, of 

 Shauklewell, Middlesex, in order that he might get rid of his Scottish 

 dialect, and gain some experience among strangers, as ho had hitherto 

 constantly lived at home. He returned to Edinburgh in November 

 1797 and having fixed upon the Scottish bar as his profession, at the 

 age of twenty he laid down for himself a scheme of study which 

 included almost every branch of science and literature. He studied 

 Scotch law with his friend Henry Brougham, and with another friend, 

 Lord Webb Seymour, he studied metaphysics and political economy. 



In 1802 Homer began to have thoughts of exchanging the Scottish 

 for the English bar, and in April of that year he came to London in 

 order to observe the proceedings in the courts of law, and fix his 

 determination. His friendships and political opinions had associated 

 him with the rising Whigs in Edinburgh ; he was now received with 

 alacrity by men of congenial opinions in London by Mr. Abercrombie, 

 Sir James Mackintosh, Sir Samuel Komilly, and others. He resolved 

 to attach himself to the English bar, and in the spring of 1803 he took 

 up his permanent residence in London. It was an eventful and a 

 stirring time. The French war was again breaking out, the king's 

 sanity was doubtful, and the Addington administration was giving 

 way before the cross-firing of Pitt and Fox. Horner was not allowed 

 to remain an unengaged spectator. As his abilities became more 

 known, his connections with the leading Whigs were extended. On 

 the death of Pitt in 1806 the government was placed in the hands of 

 Lord Grenville and Mr. Fox. Horner accepted a seat at the Board of 

 Commissioners established by the East India Company for settling 

 the Nabob of Arcot's debts, an unsalaried office, which however was 

 to be remunerated at the close of the investigation. On the 23rd of 

 June 1806 Lord Henry Petty made him an offer, through the inter- 

 vention of Lord Kinnaird, of ministerial seat in the House of 

 Commons, which, after consultation with his friends, was accepted, 

 and in November 1806 he was returned for St. Ives. I'ox had diej in 

 September, and the old Whig party, which he had held together 

 immediately fell to pieces. Anew parliament was summoned and 

 met on the 15th of December. This parliament was very short-lived. 



