711 



KIEN LOONO. 



KINO, LORD. 



711 



u far M tie Bosporus. The Ifomau empire wu on the brink of 

 rain; tlie capture of Alexandria bad deprived the inhabitant! of 

 Constantinople of their usual aupplj of corn ; the northern barbariaui 

 ravaged the European | rovincen ; wbile the powerful Penian army on 

 the Buapoms waa making preparation* for the tieye of the imperial 

 city. Peace waa earn- atly solicited by Heraclins, who had suoceedrd 

 Pborai in 610, but without auocea*. Kboaru however did not cro 



the Bosporus, and at leugtb, in 421, be dictated the terms of an 

 ignominious peace to the emperor. But Heraclius, who had hitherto 

 Bade Tery few effort* for the defence of his dominions, rejected these 

 terms ; anil in a aeries of brilliant campaigns (A.D. 622-627) recovered 

 all the provinces he had lost, repeatedly defeated the Penian monarch, 

 and advanced in his victorious career as far as the Tigris. Khoani 

 wu murdered in the spring of the following year, 628, by his son 

 Siroes. 



K1KX LOOKO, son of the emperor Yung Tching, and grandson of 

 Kang He, succeeded bis father on the throne of China in 1735, being 

 then twenty-fix years of age. The principal events of bis long reign 

 are : 1. 1 be war which he carried on, from 1753 to 1759, against the 

 Olots or KleuU, the Kaebgars, and other Tartar nations of central 

 Asia, who, under the descendants of Galdan, or Contalsh, the Tartar 

 chief, who was subdued by the arms of Kan* He in 1696, had again 

 revolted. Kirn Loong defeated them, and again established the 

 Chinese supremacy over central Tartary, north-west of China, as far an 

 Karhgar. In consequence of these successes a great triumph took 

 place at Peking in April 1760. on the return of the victorious army. 

 2. In 1770 the Turguta, a Mongolian tribe, dissatisfied with the 

 Russian government, having removed from the banks of the Volga, 

 after croai-inv the steppes of the Kirghis and other tribes, came to 

 place themselves under the protection of China, when Kien Loong. 

 rejoicing at thin event, gave them a part of the country of the expelled 

 Eleuts. 3. In 1773 Kien Loong attacked and conquered the Miao-tse, 

 a race of mountaineers on the borders of the province of Koei-cheow, 

 north-west of Canton, who had never been subdued before. By the 

 Chinese accounts great barbarities were committed by the conquerors, 

 and the tribe wag said to be nearly exterminated ; but we find this 

 same tribe rising again in great numbers in 1832, and giviug full 

 employment to two Chinese armies commanded by the viceroys of 

 Canton and of Hoonan. Kien Loong commemorated his victory over 

 the Miao-tre by paintings, which were copied and sent to France to 

 be engraved. 4. About the years 1790-91, the rajah of Nepaul having 

 invaded Tibet, a Chinese army was Bent against him, which obliged 

 him to withdraw to hi- own dominions, and the country of Lassa or 

 Tibet was placed under the protection of China. (Stauntou's ' Nar- 

 rative of Lord Macartney's Embassy,' vol. it, ch. i.) 



Among the remarkable circumstances of Kien Loong's reign may be 

 mentioned his edict of 1753. forbidding the exercise of the Christian 

 religion under severe penalties, in consequence of which a kind of 

 persecution a. ain.-t the Christian converts took place in several of the 

 provinces. The Jesuit missionaries at Peking however, as men of 

 science, continued to enjoy the favour of the emperor, who was him- 

 self fond of learning, and a poet [AldOT, LE PEBE.] lie collected 

 an immense library of all the most interesting Chinese works, and 

 caused a geography of China to be compiled, as well as a Chinese and 

 Hantcbeou dictionary. Another remarkable occurrence of his reign is 

 his reception of the British embassy iu 1793, the particulars of which, 

 upon the whole reflect credit upon the character and intellect of Kieu 

 Loong. 



In February 1796, Kien Loong, having completed the sixtieth year 

 of his reign, abdicated in favour of bis son Kea King, a very inferior 

 man to bis father. Kieu Loong died in February 1799. 



K I I.I AN, the name of a distinguished family of eugravers of Augs- 

 burg. There have been many engravers of this name and family, but 

 four were artists of superior ability : Lucas and Wolfgang, the sons of 

 Bartolomtcua Kiliau, a goldsmith, who was born in Silesia in 1548, 

 and died at Augsburg in 1683 ; Bartolomseus, the third sou of Wolf- 

 gang ; and Philipp Andreas Kilian, a more recc . t artist of the same 

 family. 



LUCAS KILIAN waa born at Augrburg in 1579, and was educated as 

 an engraver by his stepfather Domiuick Custos. He studied also the 

 works of Tintoretto and Paul Veronese at Venice, after which he 

 engraved several prints which were sold at Augsburg and obtained 

 him the reputation of one of the best engravers of his age; his style 

 of drawing was however not quite correct, and was somewhat man- 

 nered. He died at Augsburg iu 1637. Lucas had great command of 

 the graver, and has been known to execute two portraits in a single 

 week. His works are very numerous. 



WOLFGANG KILIAN waa bom at Augsburg in 1581, was also instructed 

 in engraving by his stepfather Cust JB, and, as his brother had done, 

 studied also in Venice. The prints be there produced are the most 

 carefully executed of his works. Ho was latterly compelled by the 

 wants of a numerous family and hard times (it was during the Thirty 

 Years' War) to look more to the quantity than the quality of his 

 labour, and he accordingly executed chiefly portraits. His greatest 

 work is the ' Celebration of the Weatphauau Peace in Augsburg in 

 1649,' in two sheets, after a picture by Sandrart: it contains about 

 fifty portr.iiu. He died at Augsburg in 1662. 



BABTOLOM.SU8 KILLAN, the third (on of Wolfgang, was born at 



Augsburg iu 1630, and was first instructed in engraving by his father, 

 who afterwards by hit son's request sent him to study with 

 Mattheus Merrian, a celebrated engraver at Frankfurt-on-the-Mayn. 

 From Frankfurt Bartoloinnus went to Paris, where he remained a 

 few yean, maintaining hi.u.elf by his own labour ; and he returned 

 to Augsburg about 1655, a very able artist both with tha graver and 

 the etching-needle. Sandrart terms him a born engraver: his work* 

 are very numerous, but are chiefly portraits. He died at Augsburg 

 in 1696. 



I'murr ANDREAS KILIAN, the son of Qeorg Kilian, closely related 

 to the above, was born at Augsburg in 1714, and was taught engraving 

 by Q. M. Preissler in Nurnberg. He studied alo in the Netherlands 

 and in various parts of Germany, and became one of the most distin- 

 guished artists of his time ; besides his technical skill in the use of 

 the graver he had a good taste and was a correct draftsman, but his exe- 

 cution is somewhat peculiar and monotonous. Iu 1744 Augustus HI., 

 king of Poland and elector of Saxony, created Kiliau -bis court 

 engraver, and invited him to reside in Dresden, but Kilian preferred 

 his native city. He however visited Dresden in 1751 for the purpose 

 of conducting the execution of a collection of prints after the most 

 celebrated pictures of the Dresden Gallery 'Kecueil d'Estauipea 

 d'apros lea plus cclebres Tableaux de la Qalerie de Dresde.' Tha 

 completion of this collection was interrupted by the breaking out of 

 the S -vcn Years' War in 1756. Upon the cessation of tuis work he 

 commenced an extensive series of illustrations of tne Bible in quarto, 

 which he accomplished by the assistance of various otbur artista, to 

 the number of 130 prints, but they are not among his beat works. 

 Ho executed many portraits, two of the best of which are the Emperor 

 Francis I. and Maria Theresa, after G. von Mytens. Three days before 

 bis death he waa engaged on a portrait of Pope Clement XIII., which 

 he very nearly completed. He died iu 1759. 



Heineken enumerates twenty-one members of this family, of whom 

 eighteen were artiste, and fourteen of these engravers. 



(Heinekeu, Xachnchten von Kuiwtiern und KunsUachm.) 



K1LL1GKEW, THOMAS, a younger son of Sir Robert Killigrew, 

 was born at Hanworth iu Middlesex in 1611. He travelled iu his 

 youth, was present at an exorcism of the nuus of Loudun, wag 

 appointed a page of honour to Charles I., and attended Charles II. 

 during his exile, marrying one of the queen's maids of honour, IIU 

 coarse and licentious wit qualified him peculiarly for securing tho 

 favour of bis master, who iu 1651, iu spite of the remonstrances of his 

 wiser counsellors, sent him as his euvoy to Venice, where i.u used his 

 place for raising money for himself, and was expelled with disgrace. 

 On the restoration Killigrew became groom of tne bed-chamber, and 

 enjoyed an intimacy and influence with the king which the first men 

 iu the nation were unable to obtain. He has sometimes been said 

 to have been officially appointed to bo the royal jester; but for this 

 assertion there is no ground, though he was in tho habit of taking ' 

 such liberties as none but professional jesters would iu any other reigu 

 have been allowed to take. He died at Whitehall in K^'l He wrote 

 eleven plays, of which the first two were printed iu 1641, and the 

 whole collection iu a folio volume iu 1664. They do not by any means 

 justify his reputation as a wit. A sufficient specimen of them is fur- 

 nished by the comedy of ' The Parson's Wedding,' reprinted in DoJsloy's 

 'Old Plays.' 



Killigrew's eldest brother, SIB WILLIAM KILLIOREW, a much rnoro 

 respectable person, was the author of four or five plays, and of two 

 volumes of moral reflections. He died in 1693. 



The youngest brother, DR. HKXIIV KILLIQREW, wrote a tragedy in 

 his youth, took holy orders, and held several preferments. He was 

 Master of the Savoy at his death, which took place after Sir William's. 

 Drydeu's fine elegy on Mrs. Anno Killigrew celebrates a daughter of 

 Dr. Henry. 



KIMCHI, DAVID, a very celebrated Jewish rabbi, was born in the 

 12th century in the south of France, and passed the great r part of 

 bis life at Narbonue. His father, Joseph Kimohi, and bis brother, 

 Moses Kiuichi, also enjoyed much reputation among their contem- 

 poraries : they both wrote several works on Hebrew grammar and 

 commentaries on the Scriptures, but none of them have been printed 

 witluthe exception of ' A Commentary on the Lite of Ezra,' by Moses 

 Kiuichi, printed in the Kabbiuical Bible of Venice, 1549; and also a 

 Hebrew Grammar by the same author, Venice, 1(JJ I. 



David Kiinchi has always beeu regarded by the Jews as one of their 

 most illustrious rabbis. He possessed such great influence among his 

 contemporaries, that he was chosen iu 1232 arbiter of the controversy 

 which had subsisted for some years between the Spanish and French 

 rabbis respecting the opinions of Maimouidos. He died about the 

 year 1240. 



The most important of his works are : a Hebrew Grammar, entitled 

 *rfV3Q (' Michlol '), that is, ' Perfection,' Venice (1545), Leydeu (1631) ; 

 and frequently reprinted; 'A Dictionary of Hebrew Hoots,' Naples 

 (1490), Venice (1529-52) ; &c. Kiuichi also wrote commentaries on 

 almost all the books of the Old Testament : the most valuable are said 

 to be those upon Isaiah. Many of these commentaries have been 

 printed separately : the whole of them were published by Breithaupt, 

 Gotha, 3 vols. 4to, 1713. 



KING, PETKH, LOUD, was born in 1669 at Exeter, in which town 

 his father, Mr. Jerome King, though said to bo descended from a good 



