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KING, WILLIAM. 



KINGSLEY, KEV. CHARLES. 



7U 



family in Somersetshire, carried on the business of a grocer and salter. 

 To this business he brought up his son, and the future Lord Chancellor 

 of Great Britain served for some years in his father's shop. It was 

 probably his relationship to the celebrated John Locke, whose sister 

 was his mother, that put it into his head, while thus situated, to think 

 of making himself a scholar; but the story told is, that he had by 

 himself made extraordinary proficiency in learning, purchasing books 

 with all the money he could procure, and devoting every moment of 

 his leisure to study, before he was taken any notice of by Locke, by 

 whose advice however he then went to the University of Leyden. 

 How long he studied there we are not informed. He firat made him- 

 self known by the publication, in an octavo volume, in 1691, of the 

 First Part of his ' Inquiry into the Constitution, Discipline, Unity, and 

 Worship of the Primitive Church,' in which with considerable learning 

 he advocated the right of the Protestant dissenters from episcopacy 

 to be comprehended in the scheme of the national establishment. 

 The Second Part, occupied with the Worship of the Primitive Church, 

 followed soon after. This work excited much attention, and, besides 

 a correspondence between Mr. Edward Elys and the author, which 

 was published in octavo by the former in 1694, drew forth, on its 

 being reprinted in 1713, during the discussions on the Schism Bill, 

 ' An Impartial View and Censure of the Mistakes propagated for the 

 Ordaining Power of Presbyters in a Celebrated Book entitled An 

 Enquiry, &c.,' in an appendix to ' The Invalidity of the Dissenting 

 Ministry ;' and also ' An Original Draught of the Primitive Church, in 

 answer to a Discourse entitled An Enquiry, &c.,' 8vo, London, 1717. 

 Both the.-e answers professed to be ' by a Presbyter of the Church of 

 England,' and the latter at least is known to be the production of a 

 nonjuring clergyman named Sclater. 



Meanwhile King had entered himself at the Inner Temple, and was 

 in due course called to the bar. He appears to have begun very early 

 to make a figure in his profession ; and he also soon entered upon a 

 political career, having in 161)9 obtained a seat in the House of Commons 

 as oue of the members for Beeralston, which he retained for seven 

 parliament.;", or to the end of the reign of Queen Anne. He did not 

 yet however altogether abandon his first pursuit, but in 1702 published 

 in octavo another learned theological work, ' The History of the 

 Apostles' Creed, with Critical Observations on its Several Articles.' 

 In July 1708 he was chosen Recorder of London, and was soon after 

 knighted. In 1709 he was appointed by the House of Commons one 

 of the managers at the impeachment of Dr. Sacheverell, and in 1712 he 

 gave liia services, without fee, as one of the counsel for Mr. Winston, 

 on his trial for heresy before the Court of Delegates. In November 

 1714, a few months after the accession of George I., Sir Peter King 

 waa made Chief Justice of the Common Pleas; and he was sworn a 

 privy councillor in April of the following year. After the great seal 

 bad been taken from the Earl of Macclesfield, he was in June 1725 

 appointed Lord Chancellor, and wag at the same time raised to the 

 peerage aa Baron King of Ockham in the county of Surrey. Lord 

 Kiug however did not as Chancellor satisfy the public expectation, or, 

 it is supposed, his own ; and he is said to have injured his health by 

 his labours to make himself master of the department of professional 

 learning necessary for his new duties. He resigned the seals on the 

 26th of November 1733, and died at his seat of Ockham on the 22nd 

 of July 1734. By his wife Anne, daughter of Richard Seys, Esq., of 

 Bovei ton in Glamorganshire, he left four sons, who all inherited the 

 title in succession, and from the youngest of whom the present peer 

 (created Earl of Lovelace in 1838) is descended. 



KING, WILLIAM, a native of Ireland, a bishop and afterwards an 

 archbishop in the Irish Church, was .born in 1650, He is the author 

 of two works on subjects of deep importance. One of these, ' The 

 Inventions of Men in the Worship of God,' was intended to reconcile 

 the Presbyterians of Ireland to the episcopal form of church order. 

 But his greater work is his treatise on that difficult subject the Origin 

 of Evil, which is written in Latin. His great object is to show that 

 the existence of evil may be accounted for consistently with still 

 acknowledging that God is great and good. These works excited much 

 attention when they appeared, and that on the Origin of Evil was 

 attacked by two eminent foreigners, Bayle and Leibnitz, to whom he 

 made no reply ; but he left among his papers notes of answers to 

 their arguments, and these were given to the world after his death by 

 Dr. Edmund Law, bishop of Carlisle, together with a translation of 

 the treatise itself. He printed also a sermon ' On the Consistency of 

 Divine Predestination and Foreknowledge with the Freedom of Man's 

 Will.' In politics Archbishop King was a true friend to the revolution. 

 The first considerable piece of preferment which he enjoyed was that 

 of Dean of St. Patrick's, which he obtained in 1688. In 1691 he was 

 made liUhop of Derry, and in 1702 Archbishop of Dublin. He died in 

 1729. He waa through life held in high esteem as a man, as well as 

 in his character of a prelate and writer on theology. 



* KINULAKE, JOHN ALEXANDER, the author of a celebrated 

 book of eastern travels published in 1844 under the title of ' Eothen,' 

 and which from the novelty and lightaouieness of its style became at 

 once unprecedently popular, is a London barrister of independent 

 meaus. He was born at Tauuton, Devonshire, in 1802, and educated 

 at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 

 1620, and whence he removed to study law at Lincoln's Inn. He was 

 called to the bar in 1837. During the war in the Crimea Mr. Kinglake 



visited the British camp, and various articles in the English news- 

 papers describing the state of affairs in the Crimea were attributed to 

 his pen, and also a brief sketch of General Guyon, entitled 'The 

 Patriot and the Hero.' He has- also contributed to the ' Quarterly 

 Review ' and other periodicals. 



* KINGSLEY, REV. CHARLES, rector of Eversley, Hants, and 

 canon of Middleham, was born at Holne Vicarage, Devonshire, on the 

 12th of June, 1819. His father, the Rev. Charles Kingsley, senior, is 

 at present rector of Chelsea. The Kingsleys are an old Cheshire family 

 (of Kingsley in Cheshire), tracing their descent from before the Con- 

 quest. They served with distinction on the parliamentary side during 

 the civil wars, and suffered in consequence ; and a younger branch of 

 the family emigrated to America, and has left descendants there. 

 After being educated at home till the age of fourteen, Mr. Kingsley 

 became a pupil of the Rev. Dersvent Coleridge, the son of the poet; 

 from under whose care he removed to Magdalen College, Cambridge. 

 Here he held a scholarship, and obtained distinction both in classics 

 and mathematics ; and took his B.A. degree, but did not proceed to 

 that of M.A. For a time hia intended profession was the law, but he 

 ultimately decided for the church. He was appointed curate of 

 Eversley, a moorland parish in Hampshire ; and the rectory of this 

 parish falling vacant in the second year of his curacy (1844), he was 

 appointed to the living by the patron. In the same year he married 

 the daughter of Pascoe Grenfell, Esq., many years M.P. for Truro and 

 Great Marlow ; another of whose daughters has since become the wife 

 of another eminent man of letters of the present day, the historian and 

 essayist, J. A. Froude. Omitting minor beginnings in periodicals and 

 the like, Mr. Kingsley's first distinct appearances iu literature were in 

 a volume of ' Village-Sermons,' published iu 1844, and iu ' The Saint's 

 Tragedy ; or, the True Story of Elizabeth of Hungary, Landgravine 

 of Thuringia, Saint of the Roman Calendar,' a drama in verse, pub- 

 lished in 1848. Both works attracted attention the one as an original 

 and thoughtful poem ; the other as a novelty iu sermon-writing, from 

 the Saxon plainness of the style, and the straitforward and bold, yet 

 kindly and familiar, manner in which the preacher discussed topics of 

 all kinds with his people. Those who knew Mr. Kingsley as a parish 

 clergyman declared the sermons to be in this respect perfectly cha- 

 racteristic of the man in the pulpit, and In his intercourse with hia 

 parishioners. Mr. Kingsley, as a clergyman, belongs neither to the 

 'High' Church nor to the 'Low' Church, but to what has been called 

 the ' Broad ' Church party ; that is, his name is associated iu theolo- 

 gical and ecclesiastical matters with those of Mr. Maurice, Archdeacon 

 Hare, and others of the same order of thought. It was chiefly in 

 association with Mr. Maurice that he began that career of open con- 

 nection with the great social questions of the time iu which, iu conjunc- 

 tion with literary labour, the last six years of his life had been spent. 

 Mr. Henry Mayhew's revelations of the state of the labouring classes 

 in London were horrifying all minds, when Mr. Maurice, Mr. Kingsley, 

 and others, conceiving it to be the special duty of the Church and of 

 Christian clergymen to inquire into such thiugs, arranged a series of 

 meetings with the working men and some of the Chartist leaders of 

 London, with a view to exchange ideas with them as to what was 

 wrong and what ought to be done to rectify it. The result was the 

 scheme of so-called ' Christian Socialism ' the plan of co-operative 

 associations among the workmen themselves, without masters, seeming 

 the most hopeful practical method of gradually raising the condition 

 of the workmen; while both Mr. Maurice and Mr. Kingsley were 

 careful to let their opinion be known that tins or any other method 

 would be eventually successful only in so far as it was an application 

 to society of the true principle and ethics of the Christian religion. 

 Capital was raised by the efforts of Mr. Maurice, Mr. Kingsley, and 

 their friends ; the money was lent at four per cent, to working men ; 

 and in this way several co-operative associations were set up in London, 

 the most prosperous of which was one of working tailors. 



Meanwhile, full of the facts and of the feelings of the movement, 

 Mr. Kingsley had published his ' Alton Locke : Tailor and Poet,' a 

 novel of which a tailor was the hero, and which, from the earnestness 

 with which it treated social and political questions (the earnestness, 

 it was said, of a ' Chartist clergyman '), as well as from its power as a 

 work of imagination, at once made the author's name known over the 

 country. 'Alton Locke' was followed in 1851 by a second fiction, 

 philosophical rather than political, entitled ' Yeaat : a Problem,' 

 repriuted from 'Fraser's Magazine;' this in 1853 by a powerful his- 

 torical and philosophical romauce, also collected in two volumes from 

 ' Fraser's Magazine,' and entitled ' Hypatia, or New Foes with an Old 

 Face;' and this again in 1855 by ' Westward Ho ! or the Voyages and 

 Adventures of Sir A. Leigh, Kut., in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth,' a 

 three-volume noveL In all these novels, while there is a singular 

 blending of imaginative and descriptive power with philosophical 

 thought, and also a remarkable liberality of sentiment, there is a 

 uniform presence of the argument for the intellectual and social 

 omnipotence of Christianity. The same spirit appears in publications 

 of a different order which proceeded about the same time from Mr. 

 Kingsley's pen the ' Message of the Church to Labouring Men,' a 

 sermon which reached its fifth edition in 1851 ; ' Sermons on National 

 Subjects Preached in a Village Church,' 1852; 'Phaethon, or Loose 

 Thoughts for Loose Thinkers,' 1852; 'Alexandria and her Schools,' 

 the substance of four lectures delivered in Edinburgh in 1854 ; aud 



