m 



LAMB, CHARLES. 



LAMBARDK. WILLIAM. 



Affaire* fttraiyri MIX AganU Diplomatique* <le U Republique 

 Francafe ' (1848). A farther aooonut of hi* conduct and policy at 

 tbii cri-U wa* publuhcd in hi* ' Troi Mois au PouToir,' in the same 

 year. IMS. 



M. tie Lamartine'a jwpuUrity wai abort-lived. Although hia mag- 

 uauiuutv, aud courage, and enthusiasm had made him the very 

 fomaost mau during the day* of February, 1m conduct nilwequeut)y 

 did not satisfy the instinctive or expreeied wishes of hi* countrymen ; 

 and at the eueral election* of 1840 he wa* to little cared for that it 

 ma with difficulty he wa* returned to the Chamber he for whom a 

 few month* before six coimlituoucie* had contended. Though nomi- 

 nated for the presidential office along with Loui-Napoleon and 

 Cavagnac, he had but a acanty number of rote*. During the rule of 

 Louis-Napoleon, first a* president and next a* emperor, M. de Lamor- 

 tine, like the other (tateuuen of the revolution, has been all but laid 

 uide from public life. In hia compulsory leisuro however he ha* 

 friaa busier with hia pen than almost any of hia contemporaries. Of 

 U* work* published aince 1848, the moet important are the follow- 

 ing : 'Raphael, page* de la vingtiouie aunoe,' a kind of poetical 

 autobiography, 1849; ' HUtoire de la Revolution de 1848,' 2 vols., 

 1849; 'Let Confidence*,' alao autobiographical, 1849, with a con- 

 tiiu \tiou iu 1S51 entitled ' Nouvelles Confidences ;' ' Touasaint 

 1'Ouverture,' a tragedy in fire act*, 1850; 'Genevieve: Mcmotrea 

 d'utie Servonte,' 1851 ; ' Hiatoirx de la Reetauration,' the publication 

 of which began iu 1651 ; ' Hiatoire do hi Turquie,' begun in 1854 ; and 

 Tariuua work* of detached memoirs and biographical sketches pub- 

 lished within the last few yean under different title*. Some of ttiesu 

 works (nearly all of which are translated into English) were printed 

 originally, iu part at least, in the columns of journals; and since 1848 

 M. de Lauiartiue baa him- elf conducted one or two journals, more 

 particularly the 'Coustiller du Peuple.' Hia later works, though 

 brilliant and fervid, contain marks of literary haste, which is accounted 

 for by the fact that many of them su'< in to be written for the sake of 

 the earnings, which have become iiec-gsary to the author; some of 

 them have alao given offence by a tone of vanity and egotism passing 

 all ordinary bounds. Hut all iu nil, M. de Lamartiue will be remem- 

 bered as oue of tlie most remarkable and high-minded Frenchmen of 

 hi* generation. There are various editions of his collective works, but 

 none so recent as to include all ; indeed were nil included (miscel- 

 laneous pamphlets aud articles, as wall as books) the number of 

 volumes would be alarming. 



LAMB, CHARLES, wai born February 18, 1775, in Crown Office 

 Row, Inner Temple. His father was clerk to Mr. Salt, one of the 

 benchers of the Inner Temple, and both master and servant (the 

 hitter under the name of Lovell) have received houourable comme- 

 moration iu the ' Essays of Elia.' Born in the Temple, Lamb was 

 educated at Christ's Hospital. Thus his early life was spent in the 

 moat old-fashioned and busy part* of London : a circumstance which 

 probably exercised a strong influence over his character and habits. 

 For tbougb many patsagea in his works indicate a lively power of 

 relishing the beauties of inanimate nature (*ee for example hie 

 ' Letter*,' vol. i., p. 221) hi* relish was as of a luxury, to be enjoyed 

 distantly, and at intervals; his cravings were for the excitemeut of 

 society, the splendours, oddities, aud squalidnes* of the metropolis. 

 This lecliug breaks out everywhere iu his ' Letters.' " I often shed 

 tear*," he says, " in the motley Strand, for fulness of joy at so much 

 life." (See vol. L, p. 182, 213, &c.) Coleridge win his school-fellow, 

 and thus was laid the fouudatiou of a friendship which endured 

 through life. Labouring under an impediment of speech, which pre- 

 vented his succeeding to an exhibition iu one of our universities, 

 Lamb was driven for subsistence to the uncongenial labours of the 

 desk : he became in 1792 a clerk iu the accountant's office in tli 

 India House, in which, rising iu place and salary, he continued a 

 regular labourer till March 1825, when he was allowed to retire upon 

 a handsome pension. His printed works, he pays somewhere, were 

 but recreation* : his real ones being contained in some hundred 

 volumes on the shelves of Leodenhall-atreet. But strongly as he felt, 

 almost to repining, the irksome bondage of his daily duties, he was 

 duly sensible of the value of a certain income and a fixed employ- 

 ment : and earnestly dissuaded one of his valued friends from 

 exchanging the drudgery of a commercial life for tho precariousness 

 of a drpeudauce upon literary labour. Hi* own feelings on obtaining 

 hi* liberty are beautifully recorded in ' The Superannuated Mau,' one 

 of the ' Laat Essays of Elia.' Throughout life Lamb remained un- 

 married, he dwelt through life with an only *i*ter, to whom he was 

 linked by a community of taste*, and by the strongest tie* of affection 

 strengthened to the utmost by the painful circumstances which had 

 imposed on him the duty of watching over her with a degree of 

 anxious solicitude far beyond what i> usually felt His sister hod iu 

 a fit of m-anity, in September 17B6, su (deiily kille I her mother; 

 but her insanity bring evident, she was by the jury's verdict delivered 

 into the keeping of I er brother aud to this duty the rest of hia day* 

 were religiously dedicated. Except at intervals, when she voluntarily 

 removed for a brief space to au asylum, she wa* restored to a per- 

 fectly sanu state, and the devotion of her brother was tenderly and 

 earnestly reciprocated. Charles Lamb died in consequence of an 

 accident, apparently trifling, December 27, 1834. His lister survived 

 Urn tome yean. 



Lamb'* firat appearance a* au author was in a small volume of poems 

 published jointly with Coleridge aud Lloyd. This association brought 

 >n him the wrath of the ' Anti-Jacobin ; ' a* did hi* drama of 'John 

 Woodvil,' published in 1801, the heavier fire of the 'Edinburgh 

 Review.' Au increasing rrlish for our older poet*, and for those who 

 iu our own day have (ought inspiration from them, or from nature 

 lienelf, has caused the beauty and feeling of Lamb's poem* to be 

 tatter appreciated. Still hi* popularity depend* more on hi* proae 

 writing*; and especially on hi* ' Essays of Elia,' which were begun in 

 the '.London Magaxine, and collected afterward* in two small volume*. 

 They abound in reference* to the author'* character, history, and habits ; 

 and with the two volume* of 'Letter*,' published by Mr. Justice 

 Talfourd, present a minute and most interesting picture of a mind 

 quaint, humorous, full of high and lovely thoughts aud feeling', and 

 affection for all things animate, and more indulgent to the weaknesses 

 of others than it* own frailties. To these must be added the ' Final 

 Memorials,' published by Talfourd in 1848 in two additional volumes, 

 in which the story of Lamb's sister was published for the first time, 

 and which must be carefully considered by any one who would form 

 a jiiit estinmto of tho man as well as the author. The preface to tho 

 1 Last Essays of Elia,' i* an exquisite sketch, by Lamb himself, of his 

 own character. 



Hia works are contained iu two vols. 12mo, 1818, 'Essays of Elia, 

 Album Verses,' Ac., 1830; 'Specimens of English Dramatic Poets 

 who lived about the time of Shakspeare,' 1808. They have recently 

 been republiahed by Mr. Moxon, the poems in one, the prose in thr. . 

 volume*. The ' Farewell to Tobacco ' and the ' Essay on Roast 1'ig ' 

 are admirable specimens, iu verse and pro>e, aud in widely du; 

 style*, of his peculiar and easy humour. 'Christ's Hospital Thirty 

 five Years ago ; ' ' The Uld Bencher* of the Inner Temple ; ' ' Blokes- 

 moor,' &c., show bU power of throwing a charm round things indiffer- 

 ent in themselves, but endeared to him by early association. As 

 specimens of hie criticism wo may instance his essays 'On the Genius 

 of Hogarth,' aud ' On the Tragedies of Shakspeare.' His serious i< no 

 lees admirable than his humorous veiu, and is always pregnant with 

 some healthy and benevolent moral. We doubt whether his works 

 are yet, or will be, widely popular : for there was an original quaiul- 

 nes in his character, nourished by his habits and studies, which those 

 only who have something similar in their temper and pursuits will 

 fully relish. Few however have enjoyed so hilly the affectionate 

 admiration of a large aud varied, circle of friends : and having with 

 them encountered and surmounted much ridicule, he will huld an 

 honourable place in our literature along with Coleridge, and others whoso 

 friendship, in life, he regarded among his most precious privileges, aud 

 with whom he would be best pleased to bo associated iu fame. 



LAMHARDE, WILLIAM, au eminent lawyer and antiquary, the 

 son of John Lauiharde, au alderman of London, was born October 18, 

 1536. Of his early years we know nothing, till in 1556 he entered at 

 Lincoln's Inn as a student. Here he studied uu i or Lawrence Nowel 

 (the brother of Dean Nowel), a person eminent for hid knowledge of 

 antiquities aud of the Anglo-Saxon tongue, from whom Latuborde 

 imbibed the notion that au acquaintance with the customs and juris- 

 prudence of the Saxon times would be useful to him in his profession. 

 The first fruits of his studies appeared iu a collection and translation 

 of the Saxou laws, under the title of ' APXA1ONOM1A, sivo de 1 

 Angloruui Legibus Libri,' 4to, 156S, afterwards republished in 

 by Abraham Wheloc, with Bede's 'Ecclesiastical History.' In 1570 

 we find him residing at \\ estcombe, near Greenwich iu Kent, of the 

 manor of which he was possessed, and where, without giving up his 

 profession of the law, he devoted much of hia labours to the service of 

 the county. His ' Perambulation of Kent,' finished iu 1570, was pub- 

 lished iu a small quarto volume in 1576. iu 1574 he founded au 

 hospital for poor persons at Ea>t Green ioU in Kent, said to have 

 been the first founded by a Protestant. In 1673 he was admitted a 

 beucher of Lincoln's Inn, and iu 1671' was appointed a justice of the 

 peace for the county of Kent, on office which ho not only performed 

 with diligence and integrity, but endeavoured to explain aud ill 

 for the benefit of other magistrates in his ' Eironarclia, or the Office of 

 the Justices of the Peace,' in four books, 4to, 15S1 ; between which 

 year and 1619 it was reprinted eleven times. He also published a 

 small treatUe on 'The Duties of Constable*,' 4c., Svo, If 82, which 

 was reprinted six times. In 1592 he wa* appointed a master in 

 chancery by Sir John Puckering, lord-keeper; in 1597 keeper of the 

 rolln and house of rolls in Chaiioery-lane, by Sir Thomas Egertou, 

 lord-keeper, and in 1000 keeper of the records in the Tower. He died 

 at his house at Westcombe, August 19, 1601, and was buried iu the 

 parish church of East Greenwich. The monument placed over him, 

 upon the rebuilding of that church, was removed to the parish church 

 cjf Sevenoaks iu Kent, where is still tho seat aud burying- place of h.s 

 family. Latubarde's ' Archeion, or a Discourse upon the High Courts 

 of Justice iu England,' was not published till 1630 by his grandson 

 Thomas Larnbarde : another work, originally intended as a general 

 account of Greut Britain, he relinquished UJMJU finding that ( 

 was engaged upon the same project. The materials which bo had 

 collected for it were published in 1730, iu -I to, under the title of 

 ' Dictionarium AugliiC Topographicum et llistoricuui.' Larnbarde wai 

 one of the moat accurate antiquaries of bin day, and in all respect* a 

 man of learning and worth. 



