LEKKKP, JACOB VAN. 



LEO I. (OP TURKEY). 



Mi 



of the ' Bibliotbeque Grrn unique,' which ws commenced in 172 

 tut 1 e to- k a prominent part iu its execution, and be is the acknow 

 ledgrd utlior of the preface, 



fuDt'i first work, Licb appeared in 1683, was a review of on 

 of Erncya, who, though a celebrated French dramatUt, has writte 

 even) tl eological works in defence of the Roman Catholic faith. I 

 16>8 be publulied a translation of a reliction from the letters of S 

 n, in 1690, a defence of the Heidelberg catechum, which i 

 generally annexed to bis ' Preoervative,' Ac., a work we have befor 

 alluded to; and in 1681, a Latin translation of the celebrated wor 

 of the 1'cre Malkbranche on 'Research after Truth.' His history o 

 the female Pope Joan appeared in 1604; the arguments in it ore 

 drawn from the Latin dissertation on that subject of Spunheim. I 

 is said however that, in after life, Lenfont discovered and acknow 

 kdged the abrurdity of this fiction. [JoAV, PorE.l In 1708appeare< 

 bis remarks on the Greek edition of the 'Now Testament,' by Mil! 

 which are in the ' Bibliothoque Cboisie' of Le Clerc, vol. xvi. Th 

 following works afterwards appeared in succession : 1, ' Inflexions e 

 Remarque* sur la Dispute du Pero Martiany avec un Juif;' 2 

 ' M<5moiiv Historique touchant la Communion sur Ics deux Especes; 

 3, ' Critique des Remarque* du Pore Vavaseur ; sur lea Reflexions d< 

 Rapin touchant la Poctique ; ' 4, ' Reponse dc Mono. Lenfant a Mom 

 Bart is au tujet du Sociniauume.' The above short works are to be 

 found in the ' Nouvelle de hi Rt'publique des Lettres,' a review to 

 which Lenfant was a frequent contributor. 



In 1714 was published his learned aud interesting 'History of the 

 Council of Constance,' 2 vols., Amsterdam. Two years after he wrote 

 an apology for this work, which had been severely attacked in the 

 'Journal de TnSvoux.' In 1718, in conjunction with Brausobre, he 

 published a translation of the New Testament, with explanatory 

 notes, and a long and moat learned introduction. It is by this work, 

 perhaps, that he is most known in England. [BEACSOBHE.] We sbal" 

 now briefly mention the most important of his other productions 

 1, 'Poggiana; or the Life, Character, and Maxims of the celebratec 

 Florentine writer Poggio,' Amsterdam, 1720 [BRACCIOUNI] ; 2, 'A 

 Preventive against Reunion with the See of Rome, and Reasons for 

 Separation from that See,' Amsterdam, 1723 a work which continues 

 to enjoy great popularity among Protestants; 3, 'History of the 

 Council of Nice, and of the most remarkable Events during the 

 Interval between it and the Council of Constance,' a learned and 

 accurate work, written with sufficient impartiality, 1724; 4, 'A 

 Volume containing sixteen Sermons, on different Texts of Scripture,' 

 1728 ; 5, ' A General Preface to the Old and New Testaments,' which 

 is appended to the French Bible in octavo, published at Hanover and 

 Leipzig in 172S; 6, 'A small volume of Remarks on Glsbert's 

 Treatise on Pulpit Eloquence.' The last work of Lenfant is one 

 which has greatly added to his already high reputation, ' The History 

 of the Wars of the Hussites, and of the Council of Basel,' 1728. He 

 bad been many years collecting materials for this valuable history, 

 and had access, through the influence of the King of Prussia, to the 

 archives of the corporation of Basel. The principal details of the 

 life of Lenfant have been taken from a memoir annexed to the above 

 work. 



LENNEP, JACOB VAN, often called the 'Walter Scott' of 

 Holland, was born at Amsterdam on the 25th of March 1802. His 

 father, David Jacob von Lennep, born at Amsterdam on the 15th of 

 July 17 74, was not only one of the first classical scholars of his 

 country, but a distinguished poet in his native language, and an orator 

 of high reputation as a deputy to the states-general. He published 

 editions of the ' Anthologia Grasca,' of Hesiod and of Ovid, and was 

 for fifty-four years professor of classical literature at the Athenaeum 

 of Amsterdam. He died on the 10th of February 1853. The younger 

 Van Lennep first emerged into notice shortly before 1830, by a series 

 of poems, entitled ' Vaderlandsche Legenden,' embracing some of the 

 leading traditions of Holland treated iu the style and manner of 

 Walter Scott, and in his favourite eight-syllable metre, which is as 

 well adapted to the Dutch language as to our own. Soon after, in 

 1830, when the Belgian outbreak had among other effects produced 

 a temporary desertion of the Dutch theatres, from the attention of 



in filling the theatre, and which was followed in 1831 by another 

 ' Het Dorp over die Grenzen,' or ' The Village over the Frontier.' 

 From that time to the present he has been one of the most popular 

 authors of Holland, and his pen has been seldom inactive. The 

 number of his separate works is over fifty, and in very many of them 

 Walter Scott ha* been hi* prototype. A series of novels under the 

 title of 'Onze Voorouders ' ('Our Forefathers') embraces the whole 

 romance of Dutch history. Of several separate novels of the same 

 character, 'Tho Rose of Dekauia,' one of the most popular, was 

 translated into English by WooiUey (London, 1847), and 'The 

 Adopted Son ' (' De I'leegzoon ') by Hoakins (New York, 1847). A set 

 of volumes of the ' History of the North Netherlands,' a* related to 

 his children, reminds the reader of ' Tales of a Grandfather,' and a 

 'Description of the Old Castles of Holland,' of the 'Border and 

 Provincial Antiquities.' Nor is Walter Scott the only English poet 

 to whom Van Lennep has given attention, oue of his early works was 



a translation of the ' Siege of Corinth ; ' he hat imitated with admirable 

 success Southey's 'Cataract of Lodore;' and has read in public in 

 Holland a translation of Tennyson's ' May-Queen,' which has always 

 had the effect of drawing tents. Van Lennep is as might be expected 

 a perfect master of our language, and has paid frequent visits to 

 England, one of which in 1849 when he attended the Salisbury 

 in. -i-tingof the Arch.Tological Institute, ha has recorded in the volume 

 for I860 of ' Holland,' an annual published under his editorship. A 

 eplendid edition of his dramatic works was commenced in 1852, com- 

 prising tragedies, farces, and several operas, one of which is founded 

 on Scott's ' Harold the Dauntless.' In the third volume published 

 in 1854 are close translations of 'Romeo and Juliet,' aud 'Othello,' 

 ro close indeed that the translator takes occasion to say, that though 

 he had seen Miss Smithson, Miss Kelly, aud Miss Davenport iu the 

 part of Juliet, he had never seen the play of Shakspere represented 

 till he saw this version of it on the Amsterdam stage; "for it should 

 be known," he remarks, " that the English in spite of their apotheosis 

 of the great tragic poet, silently permit his immortal works to bo 

 brought on the stage altered and of course spoilt." The reception 

 of 'Romeo and Juliet' at Amsterdam, where it was produced in 

 1852, was however very indifferent, and that of 'Othello' appears to 

 have been of much the same character. About the some time a close 

 translation of the ' Merry Wives of Windsor ' failed entirely at St. 

 Petersburg. He has now been for somo years engaged in editing a 

 grand edition of Vondel, the great Dutch contemporary of Dryden, 

 who was edited by Scott In the midst of all this literary activity he 

 is by profession a lawyer, and in that respect surpasses Scott, being a 

 lawyer in extensive practice, aud holding high professional offices. 

 He is married, has a large family, and is universally popular with his 

 countrymen. Of late years his warm patriotic attachment to Holland, 

 which was shown not only in his writings, but in his exertions as a 

 volunteer in the campaign of 1831, has not prevented his being an 

 active promoter of the friendly intercourse between Holland and 

 Belgium by the annual meetings of the literary men of the two 

 countries, held first in one country, then in the other. At these 

 meetings his social and other talents have been very conspicuous. 



LENNEP, JOHN DANIEL VAN, was born at Leeuwardcn, in the 

 province of Fricsland in Holland, in November 1724, and was edu- 

 cated at the University of Franeker. In 1747 he edited a Greek poem 

 by Coluthus, which was favourably received by his learned contem- 

 poraries. He was elected in 1752 professor of Latin and Greek at 

 3roningen, and after remaining there fifteen years, was appointed to 

 a similar professorship at Franeker. He died the 6th of February 

 1771, at Aix-la-Chapelle, whither ho had gone for the benefit of his 

 health. 



Lennep is principally known by his ' Etymologicum Linguae Gnecao,' 

 which was published after his death, by his pupil Scheide, 2 vols. 8vo, 

 Jtrecht, 1790; it was reprinted in one volume in 180S, under the 

 superintendence of NageL This work used to be considered by 

 many scholars a standard book on Greek etymology ; but since the 

 study of etymology has been pursued on sound principles, it has 

 >een justly regarded as a useless book, full of errors and absurdities. 

 The views of Lennep on etymology in general, and especially on that 

 of the Greek language, are given iu a treatise of his entitled 'De 

 Analogia Lingua) Gncca:,' published by Scheide, in the ' Pnclectiunes 

 Vcadeuiicic ' of Lennep and Volckenaer, Svo, Utrecht, 1790. Leunep 

 as engaged at the time of his death in editing the 'Epistles of 

 'halaris,' and translating into Latin Bentley's celebrated ' DUserta- 

 ions on those Epistles.' This work, together with the translation of 

 Jentley, was published in 1777, uuder the superintendence of 

 Valckcnaer, who has given in the preface a brief account of the life 

 and writings of Lennep. 



LEO I., Emperor of Constantinople, born in Thrace of obscure 

 Barents, entered the military service and rose to high rank. At the 

 eath of the Emperor Marcianus in A.D. 457, he commanded a body of 

 roops near Seljmbria, and was proclaimed emperor by the soldiers, 

 t the instigation of Aspar, a Gothic chief, who commanded the 

 uxiliaries. The senate of Constantinople confirmed the choice, and 

 lie patriarch Auatolius crowned him. This is said to have been the 

 rst instance of an emperor receiving the crown from the bands of a 

 ishop. Leo followed the measures of Marcianus against the Kutychianx, 

 ho had been condemned as heretics, and who had recently excited a 

 umult at Alexandria, had killed the bishop, and placed one ^Elurus in 

 is stead. Aspar for a time screened -Klurus ; but Leo at last bad 

 lim exiled, and an orthodox bishop put in his place. The Huns, 

 aving entered the province of Dacia, were defeated by the imperial 

 roops, and a son of Attila was killed in the battle. Soon after, Leo, 

 n concert with Anthemius, emperor of the West, prepared a numerous 

 eet, with a large body of troops on board, for the recovery of Africa, 

 hich was occupied by the Vandals. Part of the expedition attacked 

 nd took the island of Sardinia ; the rest landed iu Libya, and took 

 ripolis and other towns ; but the delay and mismanagement of the 

 ommandor, who was Leo's brother-in-law, gave time to Genseric to 

 lake his preparations. Coming out of the harbour of Carthage by 

 ight, with fireahips impelled by a fair wind, he set fire to many of 

 le imperial ships, dispersed the rest, and obliged the expedition to 

 eave the coast of Africa. 

 Leo gave his daughter Ariaduo in marriage to Zeno, an Isaurian, 



