LOCH, JA.ME3. 



LOCKE, JOHN. 



010 



much farther south than it docs at present ; and this route was con- 

 sidered by the Portuguese in ludia KB preferable to that by the Ked 

 Sea, the coasts of which were in the hands of the Turks. Lobo pro- 

 ceeded some distance from Pate to the northward among the Gallas, 

 of whom he gives an account, but finding it impracticable to penetrate 

 into Abyssinia by that way, he retraced his steps to the coast and 

 embarked for India. 



In the following year (1625) he sailed again with Mendez, the 

 newly-appointed patriarch of Ethiopia, and other missionaries. This 

 time they sailed op the Red Sea and landed at Belur, or Belal Bay 

 (13 14' N. lat.), on the Dancali coast, whose sheik wag tributary to 

 Abyssinia, and thence crossing the salt plain he entered Tigrd by a 

 mountain-pass and arrived at Fremona near Duan, where the missionary 

 settlement was. Here Lobo remained the remainder of that year, 

 after which the patriarch proceeded to the emperor's court, but Lobo 

 remained in Tigre', where he spent several years as superintendent of 

 the missions in that kingdom. A revolt of the Viceroy of Tigre', 

 Tecla Oeorgis. put Lobo in great danger; for the rebels were joined 

 by the Abyssinian priests, who hated the Roman Catholic missionaries, 

 and indeed represented the protection given to them by the Emperor 

 Segued as the greatest cause of complaint against him. The viceroy 

 however was defeated, arrested, and hanged ; and Lobo, having 

 repaired to the emperor's court, was afterwards sent by his superiors 

 to the kingdom of Damot. He here introduces in his narrative an 

 account of the Nile and its sources, " partly," he says, " from what he 

 had himself seen, and partly from what he had heard from the natives." 

 His account coincides in the main with the subsequent observations of 

 Bruce and others. From Damot, Lobo after some time returned again 

 to TigriS, where the persecution raised by the son and successor of 

 Segued overtook him. All the Portuguese, to the number of 400, 

 with the patriarch, a bishop, and eighteen Jesuits, were compelled to 

 leave the country in 1634. They put themselves under the protection 

 of the Bahrcegash, by whom however they were given up to the 

 Turks at Masowah, who demanded a ransom. Lobo was sent to India 

 for the puqiose, and he endeavoured strongly to persuade the Portu- 

 guese yieeroy to send a squadron with troops to take possession of 

 Masowah ; but the viceroy had not the spirit, perhaps not the means, 

 to follow his advice, and referred him to Lisbon. Lobo sailed for 

 Europe ; but, as he himself says at the end of his narrative, " never 

 had any man a voyage so troublesome as mine, or interrupted by such 

 a variety of unhappy accidents. I was shipwrecked on the coast of 

 Natal, was taken by the Hollanders, and it is not easy to mention the 

 dangers which I was exposed to both by land and sea before I arrived 

 in Portugal." Portugal was then under the King of Spain, and Lobo 

 was sent to Madrid, where he found still more indifference with regard 

 to Abyssinian affairs than he bad experienced at Goa. Still engrossed 

 by his favourite idea, that of reclaiming Abyssinia to the Roman 

 Catholic faith by means of Portuguese influence and arms, Lobo set 

 off for Rome, but there also he found little encouragement. 



In 1640 he returned to India, and became rector and afterwards 

 provincial of the Jesuits at Goa. In 1656 he returned to Lisbon ; and 

 in 1659 he published the narrative of bis journey to Abyssinia, under 

 the title of ' History of Ethiopia,' which was afterwards translated 

 into French by the Abbe" Legrand, who added a continuation of the 

 history of the Roman Catholic missions in Abyssinia after Lobo's 

 departure, and also an account of the expedition of Poncet, a French 

 surgeon, who reached that country from Egypt, and a subsequent 

 attempt made by Du Ronle, who bore a sort of diplomatic character 

 from the French court, but was murdered on his way, at Sennaar, in 

 1705. This is followed by several dissertations on the history, 

 religion, government, ftc., of Abyssinia. The whole was translated 

 into English by Dr. Johnson in 1735. There bad already appeared in 

 1675 a little work published by the Royal Society of London, said to 

 be translated from a Portuguese manuscript, styled 'A Short Relation 

 of the River Nile,' which is also found in Thdvdnot's collection, and 

 the original of which is Lobo's. Many of the particulars coincide 

 with those hi the larger narrative. Lobo died at Lisbon in 1678. He 

 was a man of abilities, enterprise, and perseverance, and altogether 

 well qualified for the mission which be undertook. 



LOCH, JAMES, was the eldest son of George Loch, Esq., of Drylaw, 

 near Edinburgh, by a sister of the late Right Honourable William Adam. 

 He was born hi 1780, and called to the Scottish Bar in 1801 ; he was 

 subsequently admitted within the English Bar. He was for many 

 years auditor to the late Earl of Carlisle, and to the trust estates of 

 the late Earl of Dudley, Viscount Keith, and also to the extensive 

 properties of Lord Francis Egerton (now Earl of Ellesmere), and his 

 brother the Duke of Sutherland, which he managed with great ability 

 and success during the period when the tide of Highland emigration 

 had set in at its strongest. The improvements which were made on the 

 Duke of Sutherland's Highland property were the subject of much 

 controversy; but Mr. Loch, in some able publications, demonstrated 

 that the removal of wretched cottiers, without any means of culti- 

 vating the land, to make room for profitable industry, was real 

 benevolence. He was also well known as the author of a ' Statistical 

 and Historical Account of the County of Sutherland,' and as a member 

 of the council of the University of London. He represented in the 

 Liberal interest the since disfranchised borough of St. German's, Corn- 

 wall, daring the last tinreformed parliament, after which he sat for 



the Wick district of Burghs from December 1832 to the dissolution in 

 1852, when he finally retired from parliament. He died in Albemarle- 

 street, London, July 8th, 1855. 



LOCK, MATTHEW, an English composer of great and deserved 

 celebrity, was born in Exeter about 1635, anil, as a chorister of the 

 cathedral, was instructed in the elements of music by Wake the 

 organist. He completed his studies under Edward Gibbons, a brother 

 of the illustrious Orlando. The continuator of Baker's ' Chronicle ' 

 tells us that Lock was employed to write the music for the public 

 entry of Charles II. ; shortly after which he was appointed composer 

 in ordinary to that king. His first publication was under the title of 

 'A Little Consort of Three Parts, for Viols or Violins,' cunsisting of 

 pavans, ayres, sarabands, &c. ; the first twenty for two viols and a 

 bass. In Play ford's 'Catch that catch can ' are glees, &a, by Lock, 

 and among them that agreeable piece of vocal harmouy, ' Ne'er 

 trouble thyself about Times or their Turnings.' 



Lock was the first English composer for the stage. He set the 

 instrumental music in the 'Tempest,' as performed in 1673; and in 

 the same year ho composed the overture, airs, &c. to Shad well's 

 ' Psyche," which he published two years after, with a preface betraying 

 strong symptoms of that irascible temper which subsequently dis- 

 played itself in very glaring colours ; first in a quarrel with the 

 gentlemen of the chapel-royal ; and next, in his opposition to a plan 

 proposed for a great improvement in musical notation by the Rev. 

 Thomas Salmon, A.M., of Trinity College, Oxford. The abusive and 

 bitter terms in which he expressed himself in a pamphlet, entitled 

 ' Observations on a late Book called an Essiy,' &c., which is an 

 answer to Salmon's proposal, are at once a distinct proof of Lock's 

 uncontrolled violent disposition, and either of his utter incapability 

 of justly estimating a plan which would have proved highly beneficial 

 to the art, or of his selfishness in opposing what he may have 

 thought likely to militate against his personal interests. His re^isfc- 

 ance, backed by his prejudiced brethren, was unfortunately successful, 

 and an opportunity was. lost of accomplishing with ease that which 

 every year's delay renders more difficult to effect, though ultimately, 

 and at no distant period, the amelioration suggested by the above- 

 named mathematician, or a still more complete and decided one, will 

 be forced on the professors of music. 



Lock contributed much to the musical publications of his day. His 

 sacred compositions, some of which appear in the ' Harmonia Sacra,' 

 and in Boyce's ' Collection of Cathedral Music,' are quaint, Chough they 

 show that he was a master of harmony. But his ' Music in Macbeth,' 

 a work evidencing at once great creative power and ripened judgment, 

 is that on which his fame was built, and which will float bis name 

 down the stream of time. Lock died in 1677, having a few years 

 before become a member of the Roman Catholic Church. As a 

 consequence of his conversion, he retired from the king's service, and 

 was appointed organist to the consort of Charles, who was of the 

 communion adopted by the composer. 



LOCKE, JOHN, was born at Wrington near Bristol, on the 29th of 

 August 1632. By the advice of Colonel Pophani, under whom Locke's 

 father had served in the parliamentary wars, Locke was placed at 

 Westminster School, from which he was elected in 1651 to Christ- 

 church, Oxfor.1. He applied himself at that university with great 

 diligence to the study of classical literature ; and by the private read- 

 ing of the works of Bacon and Descartes, lie sought to acquire that 

 aliment for his philosophical spirit which he did not find in the Aris- 

 totelian scholastic philosophy, as taught in the schools of Oxford. 

 Though the writings of Descartes may have contributed, by their pre- 

 cision and scientific method, to the formation of bis philosophical 

 style, yet, if we may judge from the simply controversial notices of 

 them in the ' Essay concerning Human Understanding,' they appear 

 to have exercised a negative influence on the mind of Locke; while 

 the principle of the Baconian method of observation gave to it that 

 taste for experimental studies which forms the basis of his own system, 

 and probably determined his choice of a profession. He adopted that 

 of medicine, which however the weakness of his constitution prevented 

 him from practising. 



In 1664 Locke visited Berlin as secretary to Sir W. Swan, envoy to 

 the Elector of Brandenburg ; but after a year he returned to Oxford, 

 where he accidentally formed the acquaintance of Lord Ashley, after- 

 wards Earl of Shaftesbury. Locke accepted the invitation of this 

 nobleman to reside in his house ; and from this time he attached 

 himself to his fortunes during life, and after death vindicated his 

 memory and honour. (' M<$moires pour servir a la Vie d'Antoine 

 Ashley, Comte de Shaftesbury, tirees des Papiers de feu M. Locke, 

 et redigees par Le Clerc, Biblioth. Choisie,' t. vil p. 146.) In the house 

 of Shaftesbury Locke became acquainted with some of the most 

 eminent men of the day, and was introduced to the Earl of Northum- 

 berland, whom, in 1668, he accompanied on a tour into France. Upon 

 the death of the carl he returned to England, where he again found 

 a home in the house of Lord Ashley, who was then chancellor of the 

 Exchequer, and Locke was employed to draw up a constitution for 

 the government of Carolina, which province had been granted by 

 Charles II. to Lord Ashley with seven others. 



In 1670 Locke commenced his investigations into the nature and 

 extent of the human understanding, but his numerous avocations long 

 protracted the completion of his work. In 1672, when Ashley was 



