(17 



LOCKER, EDWABD HAWKE. 



LODGE, THOMAS. 



818 



LOCKER, EDWARD HAWKE, was the Ron of Admiral Looker, 

 to whom Nelson, soon after the battle of the Nile, thus wrote : " You, 

 my old friend, after twenty-seven years' acquaintance, know that 

 nothing can alter my attachment and gratitude to you. I have been 

 your scholar. It is you who taught me to board a French man-of-war 

 by your conduct when in the Experiment. It is you who always 

 said, ' Lay a Frenchman close and you will beat him ; ' and my only 

 merit in my profession is being a good scholar." The eon, Edward 

 Hawke, was born at East Mailing, Kent, on the 9th of October 1777. 

 He was educated at Eton, which he left in 1795, and received an 

 appointment in the Navy Pay Office. He remained in government 

 offices till 1800, when he went to India as private secretary to Lord 

 Exmouth. From that time till the peace of 1814, he was associated 

 with that distingui.-hed commander in arduous and confidential duties, 

 especially as secretary to the Mediterranean fleet; duties which he 

 discharged with eminent ability. In his official capacity he visited 

 Napoleon at Elba iu May 1814 ; of which visit he published an inter- 

 esting narrative after the death of the ex-emperor. In 1815 Mr. 

 Locker married the daughter of an eminent antiquary and philologist, 

 the Her. Jonathan Boucher, the author of a ' Provincial Glossary,' the 

 publication of which from the posthumous manuscript commenced in 

 1832, but which has not been continued beyond the letter B. Mr. 

 Locker resided at Windsor from 1815 to 181'J, when he was appointed 

 secretary to Greenwich Hospital. During his residence at Windsor 

 his attention was called to an article in ' The Windsor Express,' in 

 which was pointed out the deplorable want of books adapted to the 

 large class who had learnt to read under the new system of education 

 in National and other schools. Mr. Locker sought the acquaintance of 

 the writer of that article, Mr. Charles Knight, then the editor of the 

 Windsor paper; and they together projected and jointly edited ' The 

 Plain Englishman,' almost the first, if not the very first of any literary 

 pretension, of those cheap and popular miscellanies which the growing 

 ability of the great bulk of the people to read imperatively demanded, 

 in the place of mischievous or childish tracts. Some very eminent 

 friends of sound education, such ta the present Archbishop of Canter- 

 bury, were among iU contributors. Mr. Locker's own papers in the 

 miscellany are excellent models of popular writing plain, energetic, 

 affectionate. His ' Lectures on the Bible and Liturgy,' which have 

 been reprinted in a separate volume ; ' Lectures delivered to the Crew 

 of the Caledonia, Lord Exmouth's flag-ship,' are admirable examples 

 of clear exposition and earnest exhortation. Mr. Locker, after filling 

 for several years the important duties of secretary to Greenwich 

 Hospital, became the Resident Civil Commissioner of that great insti- 

 tution. The improvements which he introduced into its management 

 were results of his active and comprehensive mind. Of these 

 improvements the Naval Schools are striking instances. Himself an 

 accomplished draughtsman and an ardent lover of the arts, he founded 

 the Naval Gallery at Greenwich by his judicious exertions. In 1844 

 Mr. Locker's health so failed that he gave up his valuable appoint- 

 ment and retired upon a email pension, his fine faculties overclouded 

 beyond the hope of recovery. Mr. Locker was the intimate friend of 

 many distinguished men amougst his contemporaries. To use Mr. 

 Lockhart 's expression, he was "an old and dear friend of Scott's." 

 lie died on the 15th of October 1849. 



LOCKHAKT, JOHN GIBSON, was born in 1V94 at the manse of 

 Cainbusnethan, in Lanarkshire, Scotland; his father, who was of an 

 old Lanarkshire family, being then minister of the parish of Cambus- 

 ui than, in connection with the Established, or Presbyterian, Church 

 of Scotland. His mother was related to the celebrated family of the 

 Krskines. When Lockhart was two years of age his father removed 

 from Cambusnethan to become one of the city clergymen of Glasgow ; 

 and here Lockhart was educated. His talents were shown during his 

 course at the Glasgow University ; at the end of which, while still 

 only in his sixteenth year, he obtained, by the unanimous voice of the 

 professors, theSnell exhibition to Balliol College, Oxford a college at 

 which, either on the same exhibition or otherwise, many eminent 

 Scotchmen have been trained. In 1813 he took honours as a first- 

 class man hi classics ; and in 1817 he graduated B. C. L. at the univer- 

 Blty a degree exchanged for the higher one of D. C. L. in 1834. After 

 residing some time in Germany, and acquiring the language and seeing 

 mucli of the literary society there, he settled in Edinburgh as a mem- 

 ber of the Scottish bar in 1816. He never had much practice as a 

 lawyer however, but from the first devoted himself to literature, as a 

 member of the little band of young Scotch Tories, who, with Wilson 

 as their chief, were then beginning to dispute the literary supremacy 

 of the Scotch Whigs, as represented by Jeffrey and the ' Edinburgh 

 Review.' When Blackwood started his magazine in 1817, Wilson and 

 Lockhart were its chief supporters; and considerable portions of the 

 famous 'Chaldee Manuscript' and of the earlier 'Noctes Ambrosiancc' 

 papers were written by Lockhart, though Wilson afterwards made the 

 magazine hi* own. It was in consequence of Lockhart's literary con- 

 nection with 'Blackwood' and Scottish Toryism that he became 

 acquainted with Scott, who looked with a kindly interest^ ou the 

 efforts of these young men of the same politics as himself. The first 

 meeting of Scott and Lockhart took place in 1818, and from that time 

 they were intimate friends. When Scott, from the pressure of other 

 work, ceased to write the historical parts of the ' Edinburgh Annual 

 Register,' he recommended Lockhart to the Ballantynes as his sub. 



stitute. In 1819 Lockhart published anonymously his ' Peter's Letters 

 to his Kinsfolk,' which gives such graphic accounts of Scottish men and 

 manners at that time. In 1820 he married Scott's eldest daughter 

 Sophia, and took up his abode at the cottage of Chiefswoad, close to 

 Abbotsford. Here perhaps he spent his happiest days ; and few 

 passages in Scott's ' Life ' are pleasanter than those describing his walk- 

 ing over early in the morning to breakfast with the young couple at 

 Chiefswood, or helping their servants on a summer afternoon, when 

 they had a modest dinner-party, by drawing up the wine from the 

 well into which it had been lowered to cool. This was also a pro- 

 lific period in Lockhart's literary career. He wrote his translations of 

 ' Spanish Ballads' for ' Blackwoo.),' afterwards published collectively ; 

 in 1821 he published anonymously his ' Valerius, a Roman Story,' in 

 3 vols. ; this was followed in 1822 by ' Adam Blair, a Story of Scottish 

 Life," iu 1 vol. ; by ' Reginald Dalton, a Story of English University 

 Life,' in 3 vols., 1823; and 'Matthew Wald,' in 1 vol., 1824, each 

 showing great power in a peculiar vein ; and in 1825 he wrote his 

 ' Life of Burns,' and also a less-remembered ' Life of Napoleon,' for 

 ' Constable's Miscellany.' 



In 1826 Lockhart removed to London to succeed Gilford in the 

 editorship of the 'Quarterly Review.' He continued to edite the 

 ' Review ' till 1853 with what success all the world knows. In his 

 hands the ' Review ' maintained and increased its reputation ; and 

 not a few of the most powerful articles that appeared in it during 

 the seven-and-tweuty years of his editorship, came from his own pen. 

 He was particularly happy in biographical sketches, combined with 

 criticism. One paper of this kind that on ' Theodore Hook ' has 

 been reprinted by itself. 



On Scott's death in 1832, the task of writing his biography naturally 

 devolved on his son-in-law Lockhart. The task was accomplished iu 

 1837-39, when the voluminous ' Life of Scott' was given complete to 

 the world. Those portions of the work which related to the fall of 

 Scott's pecuniary fortunes, provoked some controversy at the time ; 

 but the work as a whole has now taken its place as one of the most 

 interesting and admirable biographies in the language. It ha? been 

 said by those who knew Lockhart, that such was his practical sagacity 

 that, had his illustrious father-in-law had the benefit of his actual 

 assistance in the management of his affaire, the catastrophe which 

 ruined Scott towards the closa of his life could certainly never have 

 happened. 



In 1843 Lockhart was appointed by Sir Robert Peel to the office of 

 auditor of the Duchy of Cornwall, with a salary of 600J. a year ; and as 

 in addition to this and his large literary income, he had inherited some 

 family property, he was in very easy circumstances. His last years 

 however were embittered by a series of bereavements. His eldest 

 son, the ' Hugh LittlejoQn ' of the ' Tales of a Grandfather,' had died 

 in early life; his wife died in 1837; his second and only surviving son 

 died at a later period; and there remained only one daughter. This 

 lady, who was also (by the death of her eldest brother childless in 

 India, that of the younger brother unmarried, and that of her sister) the 

 sole remaining descendant of Sir Walter Scott, married in 1847 James 

 Robert Hope, Ksq., barrister-at-law, and is now proprietress of Abbots- 

 ford. Along with her husband she embraced the lloman Catholic faith. 

 She usually lives at Abbotsford, and has one child, a daughter, born 

 in 1852. Lockhart, broken in health and spirit, lived to see his own 

 pedigree and that of Scott centered in this child his granddaughter 

 and Scott's great-granddaughter. Gradually becoming more shattered, 

 he resigned the editorship of the ' Review,' and went to Rome in 18515 ; 

 but he returned iu the spring of 1854 and retired to Scotland. Ha 

 died at Abbotsford, November 25, 1854, in the sixty-first year of his ago. 

 To the last he retained something of the handsome aristocratic appear- 

 ance and bearing which had distinguished him in earlier life. His 

 manners, always reserved, had become chillingly so before his death ; 

 but those who knew him intimately maintain that, beneath his morose 

 and iron demeanour, his scornful smile and his withering sarcasm, 

 there lay a host of qualities which commanded the thorough respect 

 and affection of those whom he did admit to his friendship, or who 

 were related to him by blood or affinity. 



LODGE, THOMAS, is supposed to have been born about the year 

 1556. He was entered at Trinity College, Oxford, in 1573, took a 

 degree, and then, going to London, became an actor and play-writer. 

 About 1580, in an answer to Gosson's 'School of Abuse,' he wrote a 

 ' Defence of Stage-Plays,' which was suppressed by authority, and is 

 now one of the rarest of English books, only two copies beiny known. 

 Another work of Lodge, his ' Alarum against Usurers,' which takes up 

 incidentally the defence of the stage, was printed in 1584. In the 

 same year he was a student of Lincoln's Inn. Afterwards, it has been 

 conjectured, ho became a soldier; and it is known that, in some 

 capacity or other, he accompanied the expeditions of Clarke and 

 Cavendish. According to the opinion most commonly received by tho 

 historians of our early literature, this flighty person went through 

 yet another change; for he is usually identified with a Doctor Lodge, 

 who took his degree in medicine at Avignon, printed in 100J 'A 

 Treatise on tho Plague,' and in 1616 obtained a passport from the 

 Privy Council to " travel into tho Archduke's country," and recover 

 debts owing to him. Lodge is believed to have died of the plague 

 in 1625. 



He was a voluminous and versatile writer. He translated Josephus 



