835 



LONG, GEORGE. 



LONGFELLOW, HENRY WADSWORTH. 



926 



*o the rank of lieutenant-general, and had received the order of the 

 Bath, besides Portuguese, Russian, and Prussian honours, in recognition 

 of hi* services not only in the field, but also in the capacity of envoy 

 extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at the court of Berlin, 

 where he acted as commissioner to the allied sovereigns, and was 

 specially charged with the supervision of Bernadotte, the Swedish king, 

 who had armed his troops with English supplies, but was thought to 

 be wavering in his allegiance. 



The secret history of the time shows what kind of remonstrances 

 the British envoy found it necessary to employ at so critical a moment 

 as that which immediately preceded the battle of Leipzig. In 1814 he 

 was appointed ambassador to Austria, and in the following year was one 

 of the plenipotentiaries at the Congress of Vienna, together with his 

 brother, Lord Castlereagh, the Duke of Wellington, and Lords Cath- 

 cart and Clancarty. Having been left some years a widower, in 1819 

 Lord Stewart married the only daughter of Sir Harry Vane Tempest, 

 Bart., and assumed the name and arms of Vane ; and having succeeded 

 to the marquisate on the death of his brother in 1822, was soon after- 

 ward* created Earl Vane, with remainder to his sous by his second 

 marriage. In right of his wife he became possessed of large estates 

 in the county of Durham, and applied himself actively, to the develop- 

 ment of their mineral and commercial resources. With this view he 

 constructed the harbour of Seaham, a vast undertaking for private 

 enterprise, and one which will long be regarded as a wondrous achieve- 

 ment of engineering science. After this time the marquis never 

 accepted any public office or employment, with the exception of the 

 embassy to Russia, which he undertook during Sir Robert Peel's 

 brief tenure of office in 1831-35, but relinquished before proceeding to 

 his destination. In 1837 he obtained the rank of general, and became 

 colonel of the 2nd Life Guards in 1843. In 1852 the Earl of Derby 

 bestowed on him the Garter vacated by the death of the Duke of 

 Wellington. His lordship was the author of a ' History of the Penin- 

 sular War,' published in 4to, 1808-13, and he also edited the corre- 

 spondence of his brother Robert, the second marquis, which he 

 published in 1850. During upwards of half a century Lord London- 

 derry advocated in the Upper and Lower House the strongest Tory 

 principles, and not always in the way best calculated to disarm 

 opposition. He died at Holderneeee-house, London, March 1, 1854, 

 from an attack of influenza, and was buried at Long Newton, near 

 Wjnyard Park, his princely seat in the county of Durham. He was 

 succeeded in the marquisate and Irish estates by his eldest son 

 William Robert, who represented the-County of Down for many years 

 at Viscount Castlereagh ; the earldom of Vane and his English pro- 

 perty passed to the eldest son of his second marriage, George, viscount 

 Seaham, M.P. for the Northern Division of the county of Durham. 



LONG, GEORGE, was born at Ponlton in Lancashire in 1800. He 

 received his early education at Maccleafield Grammar School under 

 Dr. Davii, whence he removed to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he 

 obtained a Craven scholarship in 1821, and the Chancellor's first medal 

 in 1822. In the same year he was one of the Wranglers; in 1823 one 

 of the Middle Bachelors' prizemen ; and he subsequently obtained a 

 fellowship at Trinity. In 1824 the University of Virginia had been 

 established chiefly through the exertions of Mr. Jefferson, and as the 

 best scholars were to be obtained from England as professors, Mr. Long 

 was strongly recommended, and was induced to accept the office of 

 Professor of Ancient Languages in the University of Virginia. The 

 University of Virginia was well endowed by the State. At the special 

 invitation of some eminent persons in London, he returned to England, 

 and became professor of the Greek language, literature, and antiquities 

 in the London University (now University College), founded in 1826. 

 This office he held till 1831, when he resigned. 



The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge having been 

 instituted in 1826, Mr. Long, on his return from America, joined it, 

 and was an earnest and active member. He edited for the Society 

 the ' Journal of Education,' which was published at the cost of Mr. C. 

 Knight from 1831 to 1835. In 1832 the 'Penny Cyclopedia' was 

 commenced ; it was completed in 29 volumes, including two volumes 

 of Supplement, in 1846. As the editor of this work, which was 

 wholly original, and was produced under the superintendence of the 

 Society, but at the sole charge of the publishers, Messrs. C. Knight 

 and Co., the exertions of Mr. Long were unremitting. In the address 

 at the conchision of the 27th volume, the committee of the Society 

 and the publishers offered their thanks "to the editor, by whose 

 learning, unwearied diligence, and watchfulness, unity of plan has 

 been maintained during eleven years, error as far as possible has been 

 avoided, and regular monthly publication, without a single omission, 

 has been accomplished." In 1844 Mr. Long began a translation from 

 Plutarch of ' Select Lives,' forming a history of the ' Civil Wars of 

 Home,' which was issued in ' Knight's Weekly Volume,' and was com- 

 pleted in five volumes in 1848. In 1850 he wrote 'France and its 

 Revolutions : a Pictorial History,' also published by Mr. C. Knight. 

 From 1842 to 1844 he had likewise been engaged in editing for the 

 Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge ' The Biographical 

 Dictionary,' published by Messrs. Longman, which however was only 

 carried on to the end of letter A, forming seven half-volumes. During 

 the progress of these various labours Mr. Long had entered himself 

 as a student of the Inner Temple, and was called to the bar in 1837. 

 On the appointment of lecturers by the inna of court, he waa the first 



appointed in 1846 by the Society of the Middle Temple to deliver a 

 course on Jurisprudence and the Civil Law. No choice could have 

 been more judicious. It presented to Mr. Long the prospect of an 

 employment for which he was eminently fitted ; and he, not without 

 reluctance, resigned the Latin professorship at University College, 

 upon which he had entered iu 1842. But the attendance of students 

 at the law lectures was not then compulsory, and the system received 

 so little encouragement that Mr. Long relinquished an appointment 

 which the indifference of the authorities of the Inn rendered inefficient. 

 ' Two Discourses delivered in the Middle Temple Hall, with an Outline 

 of the Course, by G. Long,' a valuable exposition of the Roman law 

 to an English student, was published early in 1847. In 1849 he was 

 appointed Classical Lecturer at Brighton College, where he has siuco 

 resided. While here he has been engaged in editing several classical 

 works, particularly ' Caesar's Gallic War ' and Cicero's ' Orations," 

 enriched with many valuable notes, for which his knowledge of the 

 Roman law rendered him peculiarly qualified. He has also edited 

 a ' Classical Atlas,' and has been a large contributor to Dr. W. Smith's 

 ' Classical Dictionaries.' Mr. Long's reputation as a distinguished 

 scholar is not confined to this country. 



LONG, ROGER, was born in the county of Norfolk about the year 

 1680. At the age of seventeen he entered Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 

 took the degrea of Master of Arts in 1704, and that of Doctor of 

 Divinity in 172S. The following year he was elected a Fellow of the 

 Royal Society and Vice-Chancellor of the University; in 1749 he was 

 appointed Lowudes's Professor of Astronomy, and in 1751 he was 

 presented to the rectory of Bradwell in Essex, which he held until his 

 death, December 16, 1770. His principal work is a treatise on 

 astronomy, in two large quarto volumes, the first of which was pub- 

 lished in 1742, the other in 1764 : a second edition appeared in 1781. 

 This work contains very good descriptions of the apparent motions of 

 the heavens. Besides his astronomy he wrote, under the signature of 

 ' Dicaiophilus Cantabrigiensis,' a pamphlet entitled ' The Rights of 

 Churches and Colleges defended,' 1731 ; ' Reply to Dr. Gaily 's 

 Pamphlet on Greek Accent,' 1755 ; ' Life of Mahomet,' prefixed to 

 Oakley's < History of the Saracens,' 1757 ; ' Music Speech spoken at 

 tho Public Commencement, July 6, 1714," and other poems, London, 

 1719, to which is prefixed a short notice of the author's life. With a 

 view to popularise the science of astronomy, he caused to be con- 

 structed a hollow sphere, wherein thirty persons could sit conveniently, 

 and on the inner surface of which was a representation of the heavens 

 as they would appear to an observer in north latitude. The keeper 

 of this sphere, who is generally an undergraduate, receives 61. per 

 annum. The habits of Dr. Long were peculiarly moderate, his 

 ordinary drink being water ; and for some years previous to his 

 death he abstained altogether from eating animal food. By his will 

 he bequeathed 6001. for the benefit of his college. (Blog. Brit. ; 

 Memoir of Dr. Wood mentioned above.) 



* LONGFELLOW, HENRY WADSWORTH, waa born at Port- 

 land, Maine, United States of North America, on the 27tU of February 

 1807, the son of the Hon. Stephen Longfellow of that place. In his 

 fifteenth year he entered Bowdoin College, Brunswick, at which college 

 he graduated with high honours in 1825. While at college he con- 

 tributed various pieces of verse to the ' United States Literary Gazette.' 

 He was intended for the study of the law, and spent some time in 

 his father's oflice for that purpose ; but a professorship of modern 

 languages having been founded in Bowdoin College and offered to him, 

 he accepted the office as more congenial to his tastes. In order to 

 qualify himself for the office, being tliou quite a youth, he came over 

 to Europe, where he spent three years and a half in travelling 

 through France, Italy, Spain, Germany, Holland, and England, and 

 in acquiring a knowledge of the languages and literature of those 

 countries. His residence in Germany, in particular, had a powerful 

 influence upon him an influence visible throughout his subsequent 

 writings. It begot in him a kind of eclectic theory of literature, and 

 a love for European and especially nicduuval and German themes and 

 sentiments, as distinct from that intense American nationalism which 

 some of his countrymen advocated. "All that is best," he haa said, 

 " in the great poets of all countries is not what is national iu them, 

 but what is universal. Their roots are in their native soil, but their 

 branches wave in tho unpatriotic air." This was a state of feeling 

 very proper in one who was to fill the office of Professor of Modern 

 Languages in an American College ; which office he returned to 

 occupy in the year 1829, while yet only in his twenty-third year. 

 While discharging the duties of the post, he wrote various articles of 

 literary biography and criticism for the 'North American Review; ' 

 in 1833 ho published a translation of a Spanish poem, with an Essay 

 on Spanish Poetry; and in 1835 appeared the first of his regular 

 prose-works ' Outre-Mer, or a Pilgrimage beyond the Sea,' containing 

 sketches of his travels in France, Spain, and Italy. In this same year, 

 Mr. George Ticknor having resigned the Professorship of Modern 

 Languages and Literature at Harvard University, Mr. Longfellow, theu 

 twenty-eiglit years of age, was called upon to succeed him. Before 

 entering on the office he spent another year in European travel, 

 visiting Germany again, and also Switzerland, Denmark, and Sweden, 

 and thus adding a knowledge of the Scandinavian tongues and litera- 

 ture to his previous acquirements. From the year 1836 to the present 

 time Mr. Longfellow has held, with high distinction, the chair in 



