LTLY, JOHN. 



LYNDHURST, LORD. 



Hi 



cent of Europe, and made buns* If acquainted with the most prominent 

 points of iU geolopy ; and numerous papers in the 'Transactions' of 

 tin- Geological and other Societies testify to the diligence and acumen 

 with which be baa proaecuted the subject of hia researches. In theae 

 paper* ho baa more especially illustrated the great Tertiary brda of 

 Europe, to which he has all bia life devoted more or lesa attention, 

 and by hia labours principally, given the definite character which these 

 formation! aarame in the history of the earth'a surface. It would be 

 almost impoaaible to point out the particular discoveries to which 

 Sir Charlfs may lay claim in tbeao papera, but they constitute a mug 

 of facts and ooncliuion* on which much of the pretent science of 

 geology reata. 



Sir Cbarlea I.yell is one of the most active members of the British 

 Association for the Advancement of Science, and haa filled almost 

 every office, with the exception of that of president a post which he 

 will undoubtedly soon be invited to fill. Many of his papera are pub- 

 lished in the ' Transactions 'of thia body, and his presence has always 

 added to the interest with which the proceedings of the geological 

 section of this association have ever bei n regarded. 



Sir Charles was married to the eldest daughter of Leonard Homer, 

 Esq., in 1832. In 1886 he waa elected President of the Geological 

 Society, and again in 1850. He received the honour of knighthood on 

 account of hia scientific labours, in 1848, and in 1855 the University 

 of Oxford, hia Alma Mater, honoured itself by conferring on him the 

 title of D.C.L. 



LYLY, LILY, or LILLY, JOHN, was a native of the Weald of 

 Kent. His birth has been referred to the year 1554, on the faith of 

 the entry of bis matriculation as a student at Oxford in 1571, which 

 asserts him to have then been seventeen years old. He became 

 Bachelor of Arts in 1573. It appears from one of his prefaces that 

 be was rusticated from Oxford ; and, after having (it is said) studied 

 likewise at Cambridge, he went to London, and spent his life in 

 literary labour, as a dramat ic and miscellaneous writer. Although hia 

 writings must for a considerable time have been fashionable at court, 

 he appears to have shared to the full in the poverty and distresses of 

 authorship. He is supposed to have served Lord Oxford, but to have 

 been deprived of his place; and be was long and unsuccessfully an 

 applicant for the office of master of the revels. In one of his petitions 

 to the queen, which baa been preserved, he, with melancholy quaint- 

 nets, describes the history of his life as " Lyly De Tritttbta, wherein 

 shall be teen patience, labours, and misfortunes." The time of his 

 death is unknown ; but he must have survived the beginning of the 

 17th century. 



The two most famous of hie works bore the following titles : 

 'Eupbues: the Anatomy of Wit, verie pleasant for all gentlemen to 

 read, and most necessary to remember : wherein are contained the 

 delyghts that Wit followeth in bis youth by the pleasantnesse of 

 Love, and the happinesse he rrapeth in age by the perfectneese of 

 Wisedome,' 4to, 1579 or 1580 : ' Euphues and his England ; containing 

 bis voyage and adventures, mixed with sundrie pretie discourses of 

 honest Love, the description of the Countrie, the Court, and the 

 manners of that Isle; delightful to be read, and nothing hurtfull to 

 be regarded ; wherein there is small offence by lightnesse given to the 

 wise, and lesse occasion of looseneese proffVred to the wanton,' 4to, 

 1582. He wrote also a lively satirical tract against Martin Marprelate : 

 ' Pap with a Hatchet ; alias, a Fig for my Godson ; or Crack me this 

 Nut; or a Country Cuff; that is, a Bound Box on the Ear for the 

 Idiot Martin to hold his peace : written oy one that dares call a Dog 

 a Dog', 1698. He was also the author of nine plays still extant : 1, 

 Alexander and Campaspe,' 1584, 1691; reprinted in Dodsley's 'Col- 

 lection,' voL ii. 2, 'Sapho and Phao,' 1584, 1591. 8, ' Endimion,' 

 1691 ; reprinted in Djlke's ' Old Plays,' vol. ii. 4, ' Galathea/ 1692. 

 6, ' Midas,' 1582 ; and 6, ' Mother Bombie,' 1594, 1697 ; both reprinted 

 in 1 hike's ' Collection,' vol. i. 7, ' The Woman in the MOOD,' 1697. 

 8, ' The Maid's Metamorphosis,' anonymous, but generally attributed 

 to Lyly, 1600. 9, ' Love's Metamorphosis,' 1601 ; the authorabip of 

 which has been doubted. 



The first mentioned works of Lyly gave the name of ' Euphuism ' 

 to a fashionable style of language, of which, although he certainly did 

 not invent it, he was the most emicent literary cultivator. The 

 'Euphuism' of Lyly himself was just an exaggerated form of that 

 strained, pedantic, over-elaborated imagery which was prevalent in 

 refined society as well as in literature about the middle of Elizabeth's 

 reign. In his hands it added to the classical pedantry of the day a 

 pedantry of something like science, consisting in incessant images 

 derived from a half-fabulous sysfc m of natural history. Shakspcre's 

 Don Arm ado haa sometimes been considered as ' parleying Euphuism ; ' 

 but, aa Mr. Knight has observed, there is a nearer approach to this 

 jargon in much of tbe language used by the higher personages in the 

 same pUy. The absurdities of it are burlesqued by Jonson in his 

 ' Cynthia's Kevels.' Sir Piercie Shofton, in The Monastery,' is an 

 unsuccessful attempt at representing the characteristics of Euphuism. 



Lyly'a dramas are almost everywhere dcfoi med by the same false 

 taste ; yet they exhibit occasional touches of fine fancy, which how- 

 ever is shown to greater advantage in some of the short lyrical pieces 

 interspersed through them. The wit of the dialogue is in some 

 places lively. To success in portraiture of character these plays can 

 make no claim; and as little can their mythological, pastoral or 



classical stones be said to poatta* dramatic interest, or to be treated 

 with dramatic skill. The author's claim to remembrance aa a dramatist 

 resta almost wholly on his position as one of Shakpere's immediate 

 predecessors ; and on the fact that hi* plays present, in strong relief, 

 some of the distinctive characteristics of the literary taates which 

 prevailed in that interesting age. 



LYNDHURST, JOHN SINGLETON COPLEY, LOUD, in the 

 only son of tbe eminent painter, John Singleton CopUy. [(Viui, 

 vol. ii.coL882.J HiaparentsbaviugemigratedfromlrelandtoAuirnia, 

 the future Lord Lyudhurat first saw the light at Boston, in the United 

 States, on tbe 21st of May 1772. He waa about two yean old when 

 he was brought over to England by his father, and the education which 

 he reciived in his youth was from a private tutor. At the usual age 

 he was entered a pensioner of Trinity College, Cambridge, of which 

 he was soon afterwards elected scholar. In the Mathematical Tripos 

 of 1794 Mr. Copley took his degree of B.A., as second wrangler and 

 senior Smith's prizeman, dividing the highest honours of tbe university 

 with the late Dr. Butler, head master of Harrow School and dean of 

 Peterborough. Soon afterwards he was elected a Fellow of bis college, 

 and bis additional appointment aa a 'Travelling Bachelor' gave him 

 an opportunity of visiting the United States and the continent of 

 North America. 



Having entered himself at tbe Temple on his return to England, he 

 commenced a diligent and laborious course of study, and was called 

 to the bar in 1797. He went for a time the Midland circuit, but it 

 was long before he gained any great eminence or extensive practice. 

 He was first brought into public notice by a report of ' the Case of a 

 Double Return for the Borough of Pershore,' which he published in 

 1808. Time and the ordinary changes which made vacancies iu his 

 profession gradually enlarged liis practice, ami gave scope to the develop- 

 ment of his talents as an advocate. By degrees he obtained the 

 undoubted leadership of his circuit ; but it was not until the trial of 

 Watson and Thistlewood for high treason, in 1817, in which he was 

 engaged to assist the late Sir Charles Wetherell iu defence of the 

 prisoners, that he had an opportunity of displaying his abilities on 

 any occasion of great public interest Up to this period Mr. Copley's 

 politics were decidedly liberal. He had exhibited however so much 

 address and ability, that the Tory party resolved if possible to press 

 him into their service. Accordingly, at the close of the year 1817, we 

 find him employed as counsel for the crown in the prosecution of 

 Braudreth and his associates, who were executed for high treason. In 

 1818 Mr. Copley made his first step towards substantial promotion, 

 being advanced to the post of chief-justice of the County Palatine of 

 Chester ; and about the same time he entered Parliament as member 

 for the since disfranchised borough of Yarmouth, in the Isle of Wight. 

 In Hilary Term 1819 he was made a king's Serjeant and quitted hia 

 circuit; and in the course of the same year succeedtd Kir Robert 

 (afterwards Lord) Uifford as Solicitor-General, when he received the 

 honour of knighthood. In 1820 he took an active part, as solicitor- 

 general, in conducting the prosecution of his former client for the 

 Cato-street conspiracy, and in tl.e proceedings instituted before the 

 House of Lords against Queen Caroline, which ho conducted with so 

 much moderatiou and skill that he escaped from the general discredit 

 which that prosecution brought on all persons who were concerned 

 in it. 



In 1824 on the elevation of Sir Robert Gifford to the mastership of 

 the rolls, Sir John Copley became Attorney-General, and at the general 

 election of 1826 he was returned as member for Cambridge University, 

 in conjunction with Viscount Palmerston. In the same year the death 

 of Lord Gifford caused a vacancy in the Rolls Court, to which he suc- 

 ceeded. In 1827 the question of Roman Catholic Emancipation was 

 brought forward in the House of Commons, during the struggle for 

 power between various political parties, owing to the illness of Lord 

 Liverpool. The bill on this occasion was strenuously opposed by the 

 Master of the Rolls, though he had advocated it iu an earlier stage of 

 his political career, and though he took office a few weeks subsequently 

 under Mr. Canning, when he attempted to form a ministry on liberal 

 principles. On that occasion be was offered and accepted the chancel- 

 lorship, somewhat to the surprise of the public, and on tbe 27th of 

 April iu that year he was raised to the peerage as Baron Lyndhurst of 

 Lyndhurst, county of Hants. 



Lord Lyndhurst continued to act in harmony with Mr. Canning 

 until the death of that statesman iu the following mouth of August, 

 and even advocated a relaxation of the laws affecting Unitarian 

 marriages. He retained office during Lord Goderich's ministry. He 

 is supposed however to have been in some measure instrumental in 

 breaking up that ill assorted and inefficient administration ; and, on 

 the Duke of Wellington forming the succeeding government, Lord 

 Lyndhurst retained his office. In the various vacillating, t hough useful 

 concessions of that ministry, bo bore a prominent part. In 1828 be 

 supported the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts in opposition 

 to Lord Eldon. In the eatne year he opposed Roman Catholic Eman- 

 cipation ; but in the following year he, with the rest of the ministry, 

 supported a full and ample measure of Emancipation, declaring that he 

 "felt no apprehension for the safety of the church." 



Lord Lyndhurst s official career was marked by few oratorical 

 displays. He introduced and carried some useful measures of Law 

 i;-t'"iin; but waa defeated in his attempt to create an additional 



