



OPHIIL 



the flesilom of Olynthii*. which became a depen- 

 dency of SparU, B.C. 370. After the Spartan supremacy h 

 overthrown by Epaminondaa, the Olyntbiani aRin recovered their 

 tdp*adDee. Philip of Mclonia viewed with jealousy the confede- 

 racy of the OlTiithuuw, but he made poos with them sftr hi* quarrel 

 with the Athenian*. In B.C. S4 the Olynthian* broke off th.-ir alliance 

 with Philip, and cent to Athent for assistance. The Athenian., by the 

 advice of Demosthenes, who advocated the oaiue of the Olynthians in 

 his thrae OlynthUc Oration*, tent troop* to their aid ; but the Olyn- 

 thiao* wen defeated, and obliged to surrender their town, which was 

 destroyed by Philip B.C. 347. 



Cola of Oirnlhi... Actual dm. 



OMAOH, count; Tyrone, Ireland, the awn town, and the teat of 

 a Poor-Law 1'nion, U situated on the left bank of the Strule, in 

 54* 86" N. lat, 7* 19' W. long.. distant by road 34 miles a from 

 Londonderry, and 110 milea N.N.W. from Dublin. The population in 

 1851 was 33Si. Omagh Poor-Law Union comprises 29 electoral 

 divisions, with an area of 174,214 acres, and a population in 1841 of 

 09,499; in 1851 of 56,302. In 18S9 a garrison left in the place by 

 James II., on retiring, set fire to and almost completely destroyed the 

 town. In 1743 it was laid waste by an accidental fire. It is now a 

 clean, neat, and well-built town. The river U crowed by a handsome 

 stone bridge. In the town are the pariah church, and chapels for 

 Roman Catholics, Baptints, Methodists, and Presbyterians; also several 

 school* partially endowed. The county court house i* an elegant 

 building of Grecian architecture. The town contains the county jail 

 (a large modern building), a new district lunatic asylum, the county 

 infirmary, a fever hospital, dispensary, and Union workhouse. Large 

 sales of com and of brown linens are made nt the weekly markets. 

 Quarter and petty sessions are held. Fairs are held on the first 

 Tuesday of every month ; Saturday is the market-day. 

 OMAQO. [Uniu.] 

 \X. [ARABIA.] 



OMKK, St. n furtifird town in France, in thn department of Pas' 

 de-Calais, 26 mile* S.E. l.y railway from Calais, is situated in 

 50* 44' 53' N. lat, 2 15' 20" K. long., ft t an elevation of 7. r , feet 

 above the level of the sea, and ha* 19,2'2G inhabitant* iu the com- 

 mune, but including the suburbs the population probably exceeds 

 25,000. St-Omer is surrounded by fortiiit-ntioiu between two and 

 three miles in circuit, constructed of red bricks. It U strengthened 

 by four fort* and by entrenchment*, and further protected by marshes, 

 which can easily be flooded. There are four gates, of which only 

 two will admit carriages. The town is tr.m-r.<.'d by tho Aa, and by 

 the canal which unites the Aa to the Lys. The principal streets are 

 broad ; the bouses arc chiefly built of yellow or gray bricks, except 

 some of the public buildings, which are of red bricks. The Place 

 d'Armes at the west of the town is tho only large square ; the town- 

 hall occupies the east ride of it Tho former cathedral of 

 Dame, and the church of the former Jesuit college, are the Quest of 

 the public buildings. Other remarkable objects are -the mini of the 

 church of St-Bertin, formerly the Client gothic church in French 

 Flanders; the hospitals ; tho theatre; and the public library, which 

 contains 20,000 volumes. The town has tribunals of first iii.-lancc 

 and of commerce, a consultative chamber of manufactures, a college, 

 an ecclesiastical seminary, and on English college fur tho education 

 of British Roman Catholics. The ramparts, which are planted with 

 elm-trees, the quays on the banks of the canal, nnd tho Calais road 

 form handsome public walks. There are many fountain*. Woollen 

 doth, blanket*, thread, oil, glue, fishing nets, pajier, brandy, beer, 

 leather, and salt arc the leading manufactures of the town, which is 

 also the centre of a considerable commerce in wool, corn, wine, flax, 

 coal, ic. The inhabitants of the two suburbs Haut-Pont and Lizel 

 to the north of the town retain the Flsxniih language, and are mostly 

 engaged in raising garden stuff* on spots of ground, which they have 

 recovered by draining from the marshes near tho Aa. Between tlie,-. 

 suburbs and the neighbouring village of Clairmarni* were not long ago 

 several floating islands, on which cattle might be seen gracing and 

 tree* growing : when the cattle wen wanted the island* were drawn 

 to the shore like a boat Several islands that formerly floated in these 

 : - ! .-. ' OH ' (I d 



wmi.1 



llCUHTTJC. IHIHD08TA*.] 



[BASQ.DE PRO vixen.] 

 LAKE. [RuMIA.l 



\. rxicB.] 



< HUT; K. Essex, a market-town and the 



aoat of a Poor- Law Cuiou, iu the parish of Ougar, U situated on the 

 right bank . 

 distant 11 i,. 



<ondon. The population of the parish in 1651 was 843. Th- . 

 s a rectory in the archdeaconry of Essex and diooese of Rochester. 

 >ngar Poor-Law Union contains 26 parishes and townships, with an 

 area of 47,485 acres, and a population in 1851 of 11,855. 



A castle built at Ongar iu the time of 11. nry II., was demolished 

 n the reign of Elizabeth. The moat and some earthworks of tho 

 castle remain. The town i* built on the slope and brow of a hill. 

 The Roding is here crossed by a bridge of three arches. The parish 

 church, a small neat edifice, is of early English character. Roman 

 >ricka have been used in the construction of the building. There 

 are a chapel for Independent*; an Endowed school, called the King'* 

 Trust; and an Infant school. Saturday it the market-day; a fair is 

 held on October 12th. 

 ONOLKBACH. [ANSBACH.] 



l!|o l.AKI. [CAJCADA.] 

 OllplPOOR. [HlXDOBTAS.] 



.K. [ALEUTIAN ISLANDS.] 



"'NAI.ASIIKA, one of the ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, is situated in 

 54" N. lat, 138* 20' W. long., and extends from north-east to south- 

 west about 60 miles, but it varies greatly in width. Black mamas of 

 rocks rise perpendicularly out of the sea to a great elevation, and 

 their summits are covered with perpetual ice. The highest summit, 



''.akushimkaja-Sobka, is 5474 feet above the sea-level, 

 continues to smoke without interruption. There is also another activo 

 volcano. There are several hot springs; and earthquakes are common. 

 The rocks consist of granite and porphyry. 



Oonslasbka and the islands lying west of it are entirely destitute of 

 trees. Dwarf willows occur in damp places. Even the lower hills 

 only support alpine plants. The moisture of the atmosphere 

 Maintain.- a ] rp<'tual verdure on the steep mountain BUI; 

 .he suow. The Russians have brought cattle Ui tin- island. Potatoes, 

 turnips and radishes arc the only vegetables that thrive. No kind of 

 grain succeeds. 



The inhabitants live chiefly by fishing. The surrounding sea 

 abounds iu cod, halibut, and seals. Whales are also numerous, 

 geese and ducks are very abundant in spring and autumn ; they are 

 uiltod and smoked for winter food. Tho Russian American Company 

 lias an establishment at Illiuliuk, or Illoaloak, towards tho north- 

 eastern extremity of the island. Tho harbour it surrounded by lu.-li 

 mountains and very safe, but it U dillicult of access, owing t 

 entrance being narrow, tortuous, aud there being no bottom at 

 100 fathoms. The climate i, very foggy aud damp; mean annual 

 ature 40 Fahr. 



UON1MAK. [Au:rriAX ISLANDS.] 



[UUABANT, Noi;-: a.] 



UNA.] 



ol'UHI.a !,:... indicating a place which was known to the Hebrews 

 aud to the neighbouring nations, as early oa the time of Job, a 

 ducing such an abundauce of excellent gold, that ' the gold of Opajx ' 

 became n proverbial expression for lino gold. Tho position 

 place is very dillicult to determine. Wo are informed tli.i 1 

 iu conjunction with Hiram, king of Tyre, sent a nary fr 



.1. to Ophir, aud that this navy 



1 bringing M of gold, eaudal-Wooo 1 



(called iu our translation almug or alguui-trrcx), and precious stones 

 (1 King*, ix. 2(>-2s ; x. 11, compared with 2 Chron. viii. 17-1>; ix. In): 

 and also that Jehoithaphat built ships of Tanhish to go t 

 gold (in ( lurnnirlrs it is said that he built ships t 

 which were wrecked at Hzion-Ceber. (1 Kings, xxii. 4$-i'j, com 

 with 2 Chron. xx. 30-37.) We ar in 1 Kings, 



Solomon hod at sea a navy of Tanhish with the navy 

 mice in three years (or every third year) came tho navy of TarsuUh, 

 bringing gold and silver, ivory, apes, aud peacocks. 



Solomon and Jchoshaphat built tho navies bound f. 

 u-liebcr, at the head "f i, and nearly all I'M 



inquiries into the position of this place have prooiv ! 

 assumption that the passage in 1 K < i nfers to the same navy 



which is spoken of iu 1 Kiiigx, ix. .,.'-, Ac., and cou*tiuenlly that 

 Tarshish and Ophir were visited in the same voyage. U baa i 

 fora been necessary for those who make this assum; uly to 



HIM a place which suits the description of Ophir, aud wl. 

 'gold, sandal-wood, aud precious atones,' hut also to acv 

 'silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks,' which wero brou navy 



of Tarshish, and for tho three years consumed in the voyage. 



The position of Ophir and Tarshish have occasioned much discus- 



Tarshish is generally .- 1 with Tarteuus 



in Spain, a ; >rt of tho Phcoiiiciaus. 1 



connect this port with Ophir in one voyage fi> 

 Red Sea, would invilvn the doubling of tho (']>o of Unod ' 

 Means likely to have been ouoctod at so en 



age, and still loss a common trading voysgo ; and therefor* it has 

 been endeavoured to find another Tamhish iu the east The position 

 of Ophir has been placed by < ilers on the south-west coast 



of Arabia; in Eastern Africa, about Sofala; in the Persian Gulf ; and 



