OXFORD UNIVERSITY. 



OXFORDSHIRE. 



34 



of Winchester and Lord High Chancellor of England, for a warden, 

 70 fellows and scholars, 10 chaplains, 3 clerks, and 16 choristers. The 

 buildings of Now College form the most complete example of a college 

 erected by the ablest architect in the best age of English architecture. 

 Some additions to the original buildings were made by Wren. Arch- 

 bishops Chicheleand Warham ; bishops Beekington, Kenn, and Lowth, 

 Nicholas Harpesfield, and Pita the biographer are among the more 

 eminent of the scholars of New College. The number of members 

 in 1854 was 196. 



Lincoln College was founded by Richard Fleming, bishop of Lincoln, 

 in 1427, for a rector and 7 fellows. The present foundation consists 

 of a rector, 12 fellows, 9 scholars, 12 exhibitioners, and a Bible clerk. 

 Bishop S .nderson, and Sir William Davenant are among its eminent 

 men. The number of members in 1854 was 212. 



All Soa.lt College was founded in 1437 by Henry Chichele, Arch- 

 buhop of Canterbury, for a warden, 40 fellows, 2 chaplains, and 4 

 Bible clerks. The buildings are extensive and magnificent, consisting, 

 besides the original quadrangle, of a second one erected after the 

 designs of Hawksmoor, and admitted to be one of his most successful 

 works. Linacre, Leland, Sir Anthony Shirley, Archbishop Sheldon, 

 bishops Brian Duppa, Jeremy Taylor, and Reginald Heber, Dr. Syden- 

 ham, Sir Christopher Wren, Young, the author of Night Thoughts, 

 and Sir William Blackstone were members of this college. The 

 number of members in 1854 was 116. 



Magdalene College was founded in 1456 by William of W.iynefleett-, 

 bishop of Winchester and Lord High Chancellor of England, for a 

 president, 40 fellows, 30 scholars, called demies, a schoolmaster, an 

 usher, 4 chaplains, a steward, and organist, 8 clerks, and 16 choristers. 

 The buildings are among the most splendid in Oxford, and the gardens 

 are without a rival Cardinals Wolsey and Pole, bishops Warner, 

 Hough, and Home, Lily the grammarian, Foxe the martyrologist, 

 Hanipden, Heylin, Addison, Gibbon, and Chandler are among its more 

 eminent members. The number of members in 1854 was 200. 



Bratenotc College was founded in 1509. The present foundation 

 consists of a principal and 20 fellows. It numbers among its more 

 eminent members Sir Henry Saville, Sir Henry Spclman, Lord Chan- 

 cellor Egerton, Burton, the author of the ' Anatomy of Melancholy,' 

 Sir William Petty, Elias Ashmole, and Dr. Whitaker. The number 

 of members in 1854 wag 431. 



Corjnu (,'liruli College was founded in 1516 by Richard Fox, bishop 

 of Winchester and Lord Privy Seal, for a president, 20 fellows, 20 

 scholars, and 2 chaplains; there are besides 4 exhibitioners. The 

 buildings exhibit some excellent example* of the perpendicular style. 

 Among its more eminent scholars are Bishop Jewel, Nicholas Udcl, 

 Richard Hooker, Thomas Jackson, and Dr. Arnold. The number of 

 members in 1854 was 145. 



Chritt Ckurck College tn originally founded by Cardinal \Volsey in 

 1526 for a dean, sub-dean, 100 canons, 10 public readers, 13 chaplains, 

 an organist, 12 clerks, and 13 choristers. Upon the disgrace of the 

 cardinal, Henry VIII. seized upon and suspended the foundation. In 

 1535 he re-established it upon a small scale, but " this was suppressed 

 in 1545 ; and in the year following the episcopal see was removed from 

 Oseney to this college, and the church of St Frideswide was consti- 

 tuted a cathedral, by the name of the Cathedral Church of Christ, in 

 Oxford, for the maintenance of a dean, 8 canons, 8 chaplains, a school- 

 master, an organist, 8 clerks, and 8 choristers ; together with 100 stu- 

 dents, to which number one more was added in 1664." (' University 

 Calendar.') The buildings of this college are by far the most exten- 

 sive, and on the whole the grandest in Oxford. The front of the college 

 is 400 feet long, the great quadrangle is 264 feet by 261 feet. The hall, 

 the most magnificent in Oxford, and one of the finest iu the kingdom, 

 is 115 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 60 feet high, and contains a noble 

 collection of portraits of the most famous scholars of Christ's College. 

 In another room is a collection of paintings by the early Italian 

 masters. The college church is, as above stated, the cathedral of 

 Oxford. The grounds, which are very extensive, and stretch for some 

 distance along the Thames, form one of the most popular promenades 

 of both collegians and citizens. This college claims the honour of 

 receiving as its guest the monarch who may visit -the University. 

 Among the more eminent of its scholars are Bishops Prideaux and 

 Sanderson, and other divines ; of statesmen, Sir Dudley Carleton, 

 Oodolphin, Lord Bolingbroke, Wyndham, Lord Mansfield, Canning, 

 Sir Robert Peel ; of philosophers, philanthropists, and scholars, John 

 Locke, William Penn, Robert South, and Camden ; of poets, Sir Philip 

 Sydney, Ben JOUSOD, and Otway. The number of members on the 

 books in 1854 was 777. 



Trinity College was originally founded by Edward III., but having 

 been suppressed at the Reformation, it was refounded by Sir Thomas 

 Pope in 1554 for a president, 12 fellows, and 12 scholars; there are 

 also 3 scholarships of subsequent endowment. Among its more emi- 

 nent scholars are Sir James Harrington, author of 'Oceans,' John 

 Selden, Archbishop Sheldon, Chilliugworth, Derham, author of 

 ' Ph ysico-Theology,' the first Earl of Chatham, and Thomas Warton. 

 The number of members on the books in 1854 was 290. 



J : ,hni College was founded in 1555 by Sir Thomas White, alder- 

 man of London. It consists of a president, 50 fellows and scholars 

 (all except 13 elected from Merchant Taylors' School), a chaplain, an 

 organist, 6 singing men, 8 choristers, and 2 sextons. The buildings 



uioo. r.iv. you IT. 



are spacious and handsome, and the grounds are celebrated as well on 

 their own account as for the beautiful views obtained from them. 

 Among the more eminent members of the college are archbishops 

 Laud and Juxon, Shirley the dramatist, Bulstrode, Whitelocke, Sher- 

 rard the botanist, and Dean Tucker. In 1S54 there were 329 members 

 on the books. 



Jesus College was founded in 1571 by Dr. Hugh Price. The present 

 foundation consists of a principal, 19 fellows, and 18 scholars. The 

 number of members in 1854 was 167. 



Wudhum Colleye was founded in 1613 by Nicholas Wadham, and 

 Dorothy his wife, for a warden, 15 fellows, 15 scholars, 2 chaplains, 

 and 2 clerks ; there are also several exhibitioners. The buildings, 

 which cost the founder 10,816?., form a veiy pleasing example of the 

 later perpendicular style, and the grounds are very beautiful. Among 

 the more eminent scholars of Wadham College are bishops Wilkius, 

 Sprat, and Seth Ward, Sir C. Wren, Dr. Kennicot, and Harris, author 

 of ' Hermes.' The number of members on the books iu 1854 was 305. 



Pembroke College was founded iu 1624, nominally by James I., but 

 at the cost of Thomas Tesdale and Dr. Wigbtwick. The present 

 foundation consists of a master, 20 fellows, and 16 scholars. The 

 buildings have been recently restored, enlarged, and improved. Among 

 the more eminent of the scholars are Sir Thomas Browne, Pym, Shen- 

 stone, Dr. Samuel Johnson, and Archbishop Newcome. The number 

 of members on the books in 1854 was 218. 



Worcester College was founded in 1714 by Sir Thomas Cookes, of 

 Bentley in Worcestershire. The present foundation consists of a 

 provost, 21 fellows, 16 scholars, and 3 exhibitioners. The number of 

 members on the books in 1854 was 351. 



St. Mary Hall was originally a dependency on Oriel College. The 

 present foundation consists of a principal, vice-principal, and 3 scholars, 

 but the number will hereafter be increased to six. The number of 

 exhibitioners varies. The number of members on the books in 1854 

 was 119. 



Magdalene Hall became an independent hall in 1602. The site of 

 the present building, originally that of Hertford College, haviug lapsed 

 to the crown, was obtained iu 1816 by the president and fellows of 

 Magdalene College, who erected a handsome building for the use of 

 the principal and other members of Magdalene Hall, who removed 

 there on its completion in 1822. The number of members iu 1851 

 was 265. 



New Inn Hall was restored for tho purposes of academical instruc- 

 tion by the late principal, Dr. Cramer, afterwards Dean of Carlisle, 

 who erected, at his own expense, a handsome building with suitable 

 offices, for the reception of students. The number of members on tLe 

 books in 1854 was 45. 



St. Allan Hall, originally belonging to the nuns of Littlemore, 

 passed some time after the dissolution to the warden and fellows of 

 Merton College, who established it as an academical hall. The number 

 of members on the books in 1854 was 10. 



St. Edmund Hall was, by the Canons of Oseney, devoted to academi- 

 cal purposes in 1269. Some time after the dissolution of religious 

 houses it passed to Queen's College. The number of members on the 

 books in 1854 was 94. 



OXFORDSHIRE, a midland county of England, is bounded N.E. 

 by Northamptonshire, E. by Buckinghamshire, S. by Berkshire, W. by 

 Gloucestershire, and N.W. by Warwickshire. It lies between 51 28' 

 and 52 10* N. lat, 50' and 1 44' W. long. The county is very 

 irregular in form. The longest straight line that can be drawn on the 

 surface of the county measures 51 miles, and extends from the War- 

 wickshire border near Upton House to the Thames at Lowert'aversliam. 

 Tho area of the county is 739 square miles, or 472,887 statute acres. 

 The population in 1841 was 163,127; in 1851 it was 170,363. 



Surface and Geology. The surface of Oxfordshire is for the most 

 part level or gently undulating. A long range of hills runs from the 

 left bank of the Evenlode, in the west of the county, northward to 

 Chipping Norton, and thence eastward to the neighbourhood of 

 Deddiugton. A low offset runs north-westward near Great Rollwright, 

 and connects the range with a group of hills that occupies a consider- 

 able district on the north-west boundary, and forms part of the water- 

 shed between tho Severn and the Thames. Broom Hill, one of tho 

 highest of these, and the most north-western point in the county, is 

 836 feet high. The most southern part of the county is occupied by 

 the Chiltern Hills. The north-western slope of these hills is the 

 steeper. Nettlebed Hill, near Nuffield, is 820 feet high; Nuffield 

 Common has an elevation of 757 feet. The Chilterus were formerly 

 occupied by a forest or thicket of beech-trees, which are the trees best 

 adapted to the soil A large part of the surface is now occupied as 

 arable land or as sheep-walks. The only other hills worth mention in 

 the county arc those to the east of Oxford, between the Cherwell and 

 tho Thames. Shotover Hill, the highest of these, has an elevation of 

 699 feet 



The Chiltern Hills are composed of chalk ; from their northern base 

 the lower formations of the cretaceous group crop out. The upper 

 green-sand is almost lost in the chalk marl which overlies and in the 

 gault which underlies it : the gault has been sometimes designated 

 Tetsworth clay, from the village of Tetsworth, near Thauie. The 

 upper division of the oolitic series, comprehending tho Purbeck, Port- 

 hind, and Kinimcridge beds, crops out from beneath the iron-sand. 



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