PATAOONIA. 



h TmlWr of UM Cmnobe, 15 mile. S.E. from Montreal!, and has 8700 

 it*. Tb* town i. well built with brick. ; it is .unrounded by 

 I and by ditche*. which arc alw.yi filled by the water* of the 

 In the town hall, a graceful .tnicture, then U a small public 

 library. The environ* of UiU town are w*H cultivated ami exceedingly 

 pntty. llwdin ha. manufacture* of hosiery, oil, pottery, brick., 

 cotton-yarn, aalt. and leather. The fmou battle-field of Azincourt, 

 or AOIHOOOBT, U near Headin, but in the arrondiement of St-l'ol. 



The department form* the we of the Bishop of Arra>, who if the 

 ok .uffragan of the Archbiahop of CambraL It U included in the 

 jurisdiction of the High Court and within the limit* of the University- 

 Aoatiemy of Douai ; and belong* to the 3rd Military Division, of which 

 Lille U head-quarters. It return. 5 member, to the Legislative Body 

 of UM French empire. 



n d la Prmmet; JIM wire poor CA 1853; Official 



I'Av 



I 



PASAOES. [JUSTUS PROVINCE*.] 



PASA'KliAD.K (aometime* written Pauargada, and also, but only 

 by Ptolemy and Solinu', Pataryada), an ancient town of Persia, which 

 u aaid to hare been built by Cyru. after hi. victory over Astyages the 

 Mede, which he gained near this place. (Strabo, zv. 730 ; Curt, v. 6.) 

 The king* of IVmia, according to Plutarch (' Artax.'), wore consecrated 

 at Paeargadc by the Magi ; and here was the tomb of Cyrus, of which 

 Strabo (XT. 730) and Arriao (vi 30) have given a description, taken 

 from the work of Ariatobului, who had Tinted the spot. The position 

 of Pa*argad has been a subject of much dispute. Many writers think 

 that Pasargadai and Persepolia are only different names for the same 

 place, and that the latter word is the Greek translation of the former. 

 Then appear, however little doubt that they are distinct places. But 

 although we may have strong grounds for believing that Pasargada; 

 and IVnepoli. are different places, it U difficult to determine the site 

 of the former. I asacn, who baa examined the subject with great care 

 and diligence ('Ersch. und Oruber's Encyclop.,' art. 'Pasargadse'), 

 thinks that we ought to look for Paaargadn south-east of Perm/polls, 

 in the neighbourhood of Darabgherd, or Faaa. 



PASO DEL NORTE. [MEXICO.] 



PASSAGE. [Con*.] 



PASSAMAQUODDY BAY. [Xew BBCSSWICK.] 



PASSAU, the capital of the Bavarian circle of the Lower Danube, 

 is situated at the point where the Danube receives the Hz and the Inn, 

 in 48* 36' X. lat, 13* 25' E. long., and has 10,820 inhabitants. It 

 ooo*i*U of the town itself, and of three suburbs. A handsome bridge, 

 resting on seven piers of granite, crosses the Danube, which is 754 feet 

 wide. On the right bank of the Inn, which is 800 feet wide, is the 

 suburb called the Innstadt, connected with the town by a wooden 

 bridee. On the other side of the Danube, and on the left bank of the 

 III, lie* the Ilzstadt The third suburb is called the Anger. In the 

 angle between the right bank of the III and the Danube there is a 

 rock 400 feet high, upon which stands the fortress of Oberhaus, which 

 is connected with the castle of Niederhaus, situated below. The other 

 defence, of the place consist chiefly of eight detached forts. The town 

 of Pacsau itself is pretty well built : among the public buildings the 

 most remarkable are the palace, formerly the residence of the bishop; 

 thelyceum; the cathedral ; the church of St. Michael ; a gymnasium; 

 the ecclesiastical college ; and the post-office, in which the treaty of 

 Pu.au was signed in 1552. In the Domplatz, the handsomest square 

 in the town, stands a colossal bronze statue of king Maximilian 

 Joseph, erected in 1828. The charitable institutions of Passim possess 

 a capital of 2,000,000 florin.. There are a great tobacco and snuff 

 manufactory, extensive breweries, tanneries, and paper-mills. Pasaau 

 is the staple town of Bavaria for salt ; there are great magazines, to 

 which the salt is brought from the works at Hallein. Steamers ply on 

 the Danube to Regensburg, Katisbon, Linz, and Vienna. The bridge 

 over the Rothfluss, near Paatau, is considered a curiosity, being one 

 arch of 200 feet span, the largest in Germany. Passau was formerly 

 the capital of a bishopric, which wan founded in the 7th century, 

 but was secularised in 1803, and in 1809 wholly incorporated with 

 Bavaria. 

 PASTO. [Nw OBAMADA.) 



PATAGONIA, a country in South America, comprehending the 

 most southern portion of that continent, from the Cusu Leubu or 

 Rio Negro, to the Strait of Magalhaens, by which it is divided from 

 . TICRRA DEL Fcico. It lie* between 88" 50' and 63 55' S. hit, 63 

 and 7* W. long. It is bounded E. by the Atlantic Ocean ; N. by 

 Bueoo. Ayr** ; X.W. by Chili ; W. by the Pacific Ooean, and S. by 

 UM Strait of Magalhaens. The area is about 300,000 square miles 

 UM population has been estimated at about 120,000. 



Patagonia comprehend, two very different regions the mountain 

 region and the plain*. The mountain region occupies the countries 

 extending along the thores of the Pacific and the western portion of 

 the Strait of Magalhaenii. The plains occupy the eastern part of the 

 country, stretching out along the Atlantic and the eastern part of the 

 Strait of Mmgalbaen*. 



The mountain region comprehends the southern portion of the 



t is a remarkable and characteristic feature of the southern 



part of the mountain region of Patagonia that it is cut through by 



two long but comparatively narrow inleU, which extend to the plains 



east of the mountain*, and there expand into large salt-water lakes. 



The southern of those lakes, or inland seas, consists of two basins 

 united by a narrow channel of moderate extent, and connected with 

 the Strait of Magalhaens by a strait of larger dimensions, called 

 Jerome Channel, which branches off from the Strait of Magalhaens 

 near 53 35' a lat, 72 80' W. long., and extends northward with a 

 slight bend to the west to 63 15', where it turns north-east, uiul 

 gradually widens into Otway Water. It is upwards of thirty miles 

 long, and generally two miles wide. Otway Water, the southern of 

 these inland sea-basin*, extends towards east-north-east for some fifty 

 miles, and increases in width as it proceeds eastward, from hardly six 

 miles to above twenty miles. Not far from the north-eastern extremity 

 of Otway Water, a winding channel, about eight miles long, hull" i 

 mile wide, and deep enough for the largest vessels, called Fitzroy 

 Passage, runs north by west to another inland sea-basin, called Skyring 

 Water, which is about eighty miles in length and from eight to fifteen 

 miles wide. The northern inland sea is of comparatively small extent, 

 but it sends out several branches, which advance to a considerable 

 distance inland : it U described under ANTON SIN SAI.I DA. A deep 

 and narrow inlet runs northward from the strait which unite* this 

 basin to the ocean, intersecting the country between the ocean ami 

 Last Hope Inlet for nearly thirty miles from the Ancou Sin Salida. 

 It is called the Canal of the Mountains. 



The more southern of the mountain districts, which is inclosed ou 

 three sides by the Strait of Magalhaens, and on the north by Otway 

 Water, is called Brunswick Peninsula, and is connected with the main 

 body of Patagonia only by the isthmus which extends from the eastern 

 shores of Otway Water to the Strait of Magalhaeus, opposite Elizabeth 

 Island. This isthmus is from seven to ten miles wide, low, and partly 

 occupied by lakes. Although the area of the peninsula probalily 

 exceeds 3000 square miles, it does not appear that a stream above the 

 size of a mountain torrent finds its way to the strait itself. The whole 

 drainage therefore must run off northward to Otway Water. South 

 of the isthmus which divides Otway Water from the Strait of Magal- 

 haens, a range called the Brecknock Hills rises to from 1000 to 1200 

 feet, and is only a few miles from the strait and parallel to it ; but 

 farther south, it rises into mountains covered with perpetual snow. 

 Where the mountains approach Capo Froward they sink under tlio 

 line of perpetual congelation, but Mount Tarn is 2600 feet high, ami 

 the mountains at the back of the Cape are estimated at 2500 feet. 

 The mountains continue close to the shore along Jerome Channel and 

 round to where Otway Water opens to view ; but the highest summit, 

 Mont Cruz, near Port Gallant, is only 2290 feet high. The southern 

 shores of this peninsula, though extremely rocky, are distinguished by 

 luxuriant vegetation, and the trees attain a full growth, while farther 

 west they are stunted. The climate, though colder than in Europe 

 at an equal distance from the pole, is not subject to extreme cold. 

 The greatest disadvantage is the moisture of the atmosphere and the 

 frequent rain. 



The tract of country, or rather peninsula, which is inclosed by 

 Otway Water, Fitzroy Passage, Skyring Water, and the western portion 

 of the Strait of Magalhaens, is called Ponsouby Laud. The eastern 

 part of it contains low wooded tracts of considerable extent along the 

 shores of both waters, but the interior is occupied by hills, rising to 

 about 1500 feet, with the exception of one summit, Mount Misery, 

 which is near 72 W. long, and attains an elevation of about 3000 feet, 

 aut does not reach the snow-line. The western portion of Ponsonby 

 Land is covered with rocky mountains. On Croker Peninsula and the 

 adjacent district they do not appear to attain a great elevation. But 

 on the shores of the Skyriug Water, west of 72 30' W. long., sevei-.il of 

 hem rise above the snow-line and send down extensive glaciers on 

 their slopes towards the sea. These high snow-capped mountain* 

 continue across the narrow isthmus which divides Skyrmg Wat.i-r 

 rom Beaufort Bay, and attain their greatest elevation in Mount 

 Surney, which is situated not far from the southern shores of the 

 Ancou Sin Salida, and is 5800 feet high. Farther eastward the moun- 

 tains decline in height, and are intersected by level tracts of some 

 extent, until they disappear in the plains of eastern Patagonia, about 

 10 or 50 miles from the Pacific. 



The Andes, that elevated chain which traverses South America in 

 ts whole length, begin on the south, on the very shores of the A neon 

 Sin Salida (52 10' S. lat). South of 47 S. lat. the higher peaks of 

 .he range are very lofty, but to the north of that parallel no peak of 

 he Patagonian Andes rises above the line of perpetual snow. The 

 country occupied by the Patagonian Andes is described under ANDKS, 

 vol. i. coL 348. From the Strait of Magalhaeus to 41 48' S. lat. the 

 Andes constitute the very shores of the Pacific, and the watershed 

 Between the two oceans is so near the western coast, that the largest 

 iver which flows into the Pacific has its origin only 13 miles from the 

 beach. This is the Rio San Ttuleu, the mouth of which is a little south 

 of the peninsula of Tres Monies (47 S. lat.). The shores along this 

 extensive coast-line are rocky and high, with the exception of a few 

 places of very moderate extent But there is a difference between those 

 which are north of the peninsula of Tres Montes and those which are 

 south of it Tho former run nearly in a straight line, both the pro- 

 jecting rocks and the recesses between them hardly anywhere exceeding 

 one mile in extent. But south of the peninsula the inlets penetrate 

 many miles into tho mountain masses, and thus form huge promon- 

 tories. The farther we advance to the south, the more the inlets 



