PATAGONIA. 



The climate of UM plauM dufcrs greatly from that of UM mountain 

 r*<HML Their stotility to partly to be ascribed to UM nature of the 

 .!. aaJ patUy to UM wat of min. Werterly wind, an prwralent 



^^isB^ is*^ mmsMkismtl **f tla*t Vm**W *\a*wi tluMMil ^MMT djVDOB UM W**6*M"U 



JMiTleJ of UM Awte* with rain, not a drop falls on UM plain* while 

 they blow ; and even during UM thr-e winter months (from June to 



Bea-winds sometime* 



beenly fur three or four dim in 



beta. small fine rain for aiU boon, all through UM yes*, but not 

 Kdi tor th support of Tajyiibli ptodaottoe*. But it appears that 

 rain., mur. .budnt ta Uk. toterior of U pUini north of 45' S. Ut. 

 The Rio Negro coven UM adjacent country with water to a great 

 exUat in autumn (Ma; and June), whin no mow on the Amiee to 

 dUsolved. In summer UM het to aouruhing. bat not sultry ; and in 

 winter. th<u;h Uie wmth.r to sometime* very cold, especially during 

 southerly wind*, the air to always elastic and wholesome. Changes of 

 wind are ud.len, and cause rapid though not very great variation* of 







The plain* differ from UM mountain region both in vegetation anil 

 in animal*. The native* have dog* and herda of horse*, and there are 

 wild cattle, u already mentioned, on the banlu of the river Chupat 

 Ooaaacow are very numerous, especially in the southern plains. 

 Pumae are found everywhere, and wolves on the northern plaini. 

 There are aeveral ipecio of foxes, ae wall ai oavias, armadilloes, and 

 lucu tucu. a httlo animal like a rabbit. On the ooait there are com- 

 mon seal*, fur seals, and sea-lions. Land-birds are not numerous, 

 except emu*, ooudors, and carrion-hawk". Teals, partridge*, dove*, 

 mipee, and rails however are frequenUy met with, which pan south- 

 ward or northward according to the seawn. The era-bird* consul of 

 guile, grebe*, and penguin*. On the ooait fiah are rather plentiful, 

 Uw larger epeoiee resembling cod, ling, and salmon. Between Cape 

 Blanco and Port Deatre there are numerous salinas, or extensive 

 hollow* filled with salt, in which the solid maw u several feet thick, 

 and m-intirU of very white and good salt Near Port San Julian there 

 an salt lakes, in which the salt crystallises in great cube*. 



/aoif<tn>. The inhabitant* of the mountain region are different 

 from those of the plain*. The natives of the plains are called Pat*- 

 , or Hone-Indians, as they wander about in the interior on 

 k, and do not live on the shores. The native* of the moun- 

 tain region an called Canoe- Indians, because they live only on the sea- 

 ooast, and frequently remove from one inlet to another in canoes ; 

 they belong to the same race with the inhabitants of the western part 

 of Tierra del Fuego. 



The Patagoniana wen so called by Magalhsens when he saw them 

 at Port San Julian in 1620. Ha described them M being of a gigan- 

 tic itature, 7 feet in height, but the statement was disbelieved even 

 in his own day, and Winter, who visited Patagonia a little later than 

 Vagalhaeni, saw no natives of unusual stature. About the middle 

 of the last century Captain Byron met with a number of Patago- 

 atone, of whom the men wen not lem than 8 feet, and some even 

 exceeded 8 feet in height; the women wen from 74 feet to 8 feet. 

 This account again was contradicted by Wallto and Bougainville. The 

 fact however appears to be now established that though no men of the 

 height naid to have been seen by Magalnaena and Byron are to be 

 met with at the present day, the Patagoniana an really distinguished 

 by their site. Captain FiUroy observe* that among 200 or 800 of 

 these people scarcely half a doxen men are seen whose height is under 

 5 feet or 10 inches, though none have recently been measured who 

 much exceeded 6 feet; while the long mantle of skins which they 

 wear adds so singularly to their apparent height, that it U difficult 

 to believe, till they an measured, that they are not really much higher. 

 Their bead is rather broad, but not high, and except in a few instances, 

 UM forehead to small and low. Their hair, which hangs loosely, is 

 Hack, coarse, end very dirty. Their brow U prominent, and the eyes 

 rather small, black, and ever restless. Their faces are roundish, and 

 UM projection of the cheek-bones makes them look unumially wide. 

 The now to a little depressed, narrow between the eyes, but broad and 

 fleaby between the nostril*, which are rather large. The mouth is 

 large and coarsely formed, with thick lip*. All the features are largo 

 except the eye*. They have little hair either on the face or the body, 

 and they attempt to eradicate it Their bands and feet arc com- 

 paratively small. Their limbs an not so mu*cular aa their height 

 and apparent bulk would induce one to suppose; they apsajao rounder 

 and smoother than thoeeof white men. Their colour to* rich reddish- 

 brown, between that of rusty-iron and clean-copper, rather darker 

 than copper, yet not so dark as good old mahogany. The Patago- 

 niau* wander about in the extensive plains south of the Uio Negro, 

 and traverse that immense distance (bOO miles) in a comparatively 

 short time. Their principal subsistence to the flesh of mare*. 

 eeviaj, and guauacoea, with two wild root*, one called tus, and tho 

 ..:..: 



That tribe of Patagoniaus which principally visit the southern 

 plains to called Te-huel-het, or Sou; n: In the tony district 



between 45' and 40 8. lat none of the tribes seem to make a long 

 stay. North of 45* 8. lat. then an said to be throe other tribes : tho 

 I'e-huel-che, or Kantern People, who move about in the country along 

 the coast ; theChulisn Indians, who ram Mo over the diitricts adjacent 

 to the Andes south of 42 a lai; and the Molu-che, or Warrior 



PATRAa 100 



Indians, who occupy the interior of the country south -of the Rio 

 Negro to about 49 8. lat 



The mountain region to inhabited by two tribe* of the Fnogians ; 

 one occupying the country about Otway and Skyring Waters, and 

 another which inhabits the western coast of Patagonia, between the 

 Strait of Usgalhaens and the promontory of Tres Mantes. The Fue- 

 gians an rather short, varying in height from 4 f < < t 1" inches to 

 6 feet 6 inches, yet their bodies an as bulky as those of a man of 

 6 feet Their limbs and joint* an short in proportion to the trunk, 

 which gives them a clumsy appearance. Passing so much time in !..-.. 

 huts (wigwams), or cramped in small canoes, the shape 

 their li-gn are injured, and tln-y move about in a stoo] i 

 with the knees much bent Their colour is that of old mahogany, or 

 rather between dark copper and bronze. The average height 

 women is 4 feet and some inches. The most remarkable tr. 

 uutonaiico are, an extremely small low forehead, a proi 

 brow, small black sunken eyes, wide cheek-bones, wide and open 

 nostril*, a large mouth, and thick lips. The nose is always narrow 

 between the eyes, and almost flat Their hair to black, coars. 

 lank. Their (boulders an square but high, and the chest and body 

 very large. U to remarkable that, though living in a very cold c! 

 they have seldom any covering, for a scrap of hide, which to t 

 the side or back of the body by a string round the waist, serves only 

 as a pocket The women have generally a seal skin wrapped about 

 them and a diminutive apron. The tribes are dispersed among the 

 islands in small families, on account of the scarcity of food. They 

 live only on seals, birds, fish, and particularly shell-fish, and they are 

 consequently always moving from one place to another. During the 

 summer they prefer the coast, wher<! they obtain a great quam 

 eggs and young birds, besides seals, which come to shore to bread at 

 that season. In winter they retire more to the interior waters in 

 search of shell-fish, and the small but numerous ami excellent fish 

 which they catch among the sea-weed (Fucut gigaatetu). 



(Fitzroy and King, Surveying Voyage* of the Adventure and Beagle ; 

 Darwin, Journal of Researches ; Parish, Buenos Ayret and the Province! 

 of La Plata.) 



PATAY. [LOIBET.] 



PATEAU. [SOOLOO ARCHIPELAGO.] 



PATELEY BRIDGE, West Riding of Yorkshire, a market-town 

 and the seat" of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Ripon, is situated 

 on the right bank of the river Nidd, in 54" 5' N. lat., 1" 45' \\". long., 

 distant 30 miles W.N.W. from York, and 224 miles N.X.W. from 

 London. The population of the town of Patcley Bridge in 1851 was 

 about 750. The living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of 

 Richmond and diocese of Ripon. Pateley Bridge Poor-Law Union 

 contains 14 parishes and townships, with an area of 74,275 acres, and 

 a population in 1851 of 9384. In the neighbourhood of I' 

 Bridge are several lead-mines, which afford some employment The 

 hat manufacture is carried on. There is a market weekly on Saturday. 

 Cattle-fairs are held on October 10th, and on every alternate Saturday 

 from that date till the third Saturday in May. Besides the church, 

 then are three chapels for Dissenters, a mechanics institute, and a 

 branch savings bank. 



PATER, or PEMBROKE DOCK. [PEMBROKESHIRE.] 



PATER NO. [CATANIA.] 



PATERSON. [NBW JERSEV.] 



PATHHEAR [FIFESIIWE.] 



PATHOS, a small island, one pf the Sporades, near the south- 

 western coast of Asia Minor, and about 30 miles S. from Samos, now 

 called Patino. Patmos is chiefly known as the place of exile of the 

 apostle St John, who hero wrote his Revelations. The island is a 

 rock about 15 miles in circumference, with only a few fertile spots; 

 the coast is high, and forms many capes, with several good harbour*. 

 The only town ia situated on a rocky eminence near the soa, with 

 about 400 houses, which, with about 50 more at <r the 



'landing-place,' are the only habitations in the island. In the i 

 part of the town is the monastery of St John, built by Alexius Coni- 

 uonus; a massive building flanked with towers. About half-way up 

 the mountain, between La Scala and the town, is a natural grott .>, tin 1 

 abode, according to the natives, of St John, and tlu-y have built a 

 small church over it (Tournefort ; Hilaire, Voyay 



PATNA. [AYnsmiu,; HIMU -IAN.] 



PATRA. [Acu.tu ] 



PATRAS, the aucieut Pair<e, a seaport town on the north coast of 

 tho Morea, capital of the noine of Achsea, ia about 6 miles S. \V. t'r.uii 

 tho entrance of the Gulf of Lepauto. It stands partly on a plain and 

 partly on a ridge about one mile long, of which the citadel CIMH n.s tins 

 summit, in 88 14' 6" N. lat, 21 44' E. long., on the site of the ancient 

 acropolis. Mount Voidhia, one of the high summits of the Mmvi, 

 rises above the ridge on which the town is built. The plain of I 

 produces a great quantity of currants, which form the principal article 

 of export Previous to the Greek revolution, Patrss was the most 

 thriving town of the Morea, being the emporium of the trade of that 

 peninsula, as well as of western Greece. It contained about 10,000 

 inhabitants, mostly Greeks, and had consuls of most European n 

 The war of the Greek nvolution greatly injured the town. The cita- 

 del, though repeatedly attacked, was never taken by the Greeks ; it 

 capitulated at last, in 1828, to the French auxiliary force. Since that 



