101 



PATRINGTON. 



PEEBLES-SHIRE. 



103 



time Patras has somewhat recovered ; and it is said to contain at 

 present about 8000 inhabitants. The houses, many of which are 

 surrounded by plantations of orange, fig, pomegranate, and other fruit- 

 trees, are only one story high, on account of the frequency of earth- 

 quakes. Patrse was one of the twelve cities of Achsca, and is the only 

 one that still exists as a town. (Leake, Harea.) 



PATRINGTON, East Riding of Yorkshire, a market-town and the 

 seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Patrington, is situated near 

 the left bank of the awtuary of the Humber, in 53 40' N. lat, 1' 

 AV. long., distant 14 miles E.S.E. from Hull, and 192 miles N. by E. 

 from London. The population of the parish in 1851 was 1827. The 

 living is a rectory in the archdeaconry of the East Riding and diocese 

 of York. Patrington Poor-Law Union contains 27 parishes aud town- 

 ships, with an area of 88,872 acres, and a population in 1851 of 9407. 

 The pariah church is a beautiful cruciform structure, of the reign of 

 Richard II. ; it has a lofty spire, which is useful as a landmark to 

 mariners. The AVesleyan and Primitive Methodists have places of 

 worship, and there is a Free school. A creek which communicates 

 with the Humber, brings vessels to Patrington Haven, a short distance 

 fniui the town. The market is on Saturday, and there are fairs on 

 March 28th, July 18th, and December 6th. 



PATTI. [MESSIFA, Province of.] 



I'.VTUN. [HlSDUSTAK.] 



PATUXENT, RIVER. [MARTLAXD.] 



PATZCUARO. [MEXicoJ 



PAU, the capital of the French department of Basses-Pyre'nees, is 

 situated on the right bank of the Gave-de-Pau, 468 miles S.AV. from 

 Paris, in 43 17' 44" N. lat, 22' 24" AV. Ion?., and has 15,171 

 inhabitants in the commune. The town is situated on a height, aud 

 is divided into two parts by a deep ravine crossed by a bridge ; the 

 principal part is on the south side of the ravine. There is a suburb, 

 on the bank of the Gave-de-Pau, at the foot of the height on which 

 the town stands. PAU is well laid out ; the houses are well built, and 

 coated with cement. The poorer houses in the suburbs are chiefly of 

 pebbles laid in very hard mortar. The principal object of interest is 

 tie castle, the birthplace of Henri IV., on the west side of the town. 

 This building u an irregular gothic structure, striking from its vast- 

 new and interesting from its historical associations. It is kept in 

 repair by the government The room in which Henri was bora is 

 still xhown. Tho castle, which commands a beautiful aud extensive 

 prospect, and has a fine park attached to it, was for a part of the year 

 1848 the prison-residence of the Arab chief Abd-el-Kader. There are 

 two handsome squares in Pau, called La-Come'die and La-Place 

 Royale ; the Utter is planted with trees, and adorned with a fine 

 pedestrian bronxe statue of Henri IV. There is a good bridge over 

 the l!av il fan, leading from the lower town to the neighbouring 

 town of Jumncon, celebrated for it* wlttrs. There are a court-house, 

 a in, uk"*. -house, with a fountain In front of it, and several promenades. 

 The town is the seat of a High Court, which has jurisdiction over the 

 departments of Bowes Pyrenees, Hautes-Pyrentai, ana Landes. It has 

 tribunals of first instance and of commerce, a public library containing 

 18,000 volume*, and a college. The principal manufactures ore car- 

 peta, linen, handkerchiefs, leather, and table-covers. Trade is carried 

 on in hanic, salted legs of geese, wines, chestnuts, cotton yarn, cotton 

 goods, and coarse woollens. The English, who are pretty numerous 

 at Pau, have a chinch and clergyman of their own, also an English 

 banker and several English doctor*. An English vice consul resides 

 in the 



[GlROM>E.] 



I'ACILI.AC. 

 ST. 

 PAUI.F.KSP 

 PAULI 



\ 

 ::EKN 



"Rfc] 



PA88AQB. [CITLOX; HISDCSTAK.] 

 [I nr.] 



PA VI At province in Austrian Italy, is bounded N. by the 



Milnnew, E. by Lodi, W. by Sardinia, from which it is separated by 



by Sardinia and Parmn, being divided from both 



It Is one of the most fertile provinces in Lotubardy, lying 



entirely in the fine plain of tin- Po. It produces corn, wine, fruit, 



hemp, and has good pasture land. The ! n^th from north-west to 



south cut is about 40 mile*, the breadth about 10 mile*. The area is 



400 square miles, and the population in 1891 amounted to 171,622. 



The |>: ight di(trict, and 193 commune*. Two 



navigable f*n*h( the Navigllo-Orando and the Ifaviglio-di-Pavia cross 



vly water communication between Milan and 



the Lago-Uaggi'^re, the ficino and Po, and by the latter river with 



iatic. 



The capital I* Paria, a well-built walled city of about 28,000 

 fctwbitaoU, situated on the left bank of the Ticino, a few miles above 

 iU junction with the Pn, and 20 miles S. from Milan. A handsome 

 covered bridge over the river connects Pkvia with the suburb* of 

 Borgo-Tlcino, on the right bank. The cathedral, which is a modern 

 structure, WM rebuilt in the bv-t century; it contains tome good 

 paintrBn. The olotat church in Pa via, and perhnpa in Italy, is that 

 of San-Michole, which it i assorted was built in th 6th century. 

 Seven! old and euriotm beeso-rilievos adom this church, as well as 

 ' the *g of Uiutto. The vast church Uel-Cnrmine, 



which was built in the 14th century, contains some valuable paintings. 

 That of Santa-Maria-Coronata was built by Brattmnte, and is also rich 

 in paintings. The once handsome church of S;in-Pietro 'in Cielo 

 d'Oro,' noticed by Dante (' Paradiso,' x.), was not long ago used as a 

 military storehouse. 



Pavia is chiefly known for its university, which was founded by 

 Charlemagne and contains 13 colleges. It has faculties of law, 

 medicine, and philosophy, attended by an aggregate of above 1000 

 students. Pavia haa long been renowned for its medical and surgical 

 instruction. A valuable library of 50,000 volumes, a museum of 

 natural history, a cabinet of anatomy, and a botanical garden are 

 annexed to the university. Three colleges, Caccia, Borromeo, and 

 Ghislieri, the first two founded by the noble families of those names, 

 and the third by Pope Pius V., support about 120 students gratuitously. 

 The college Borromeo is a magnificent building. Pavia gives title to 

 a bishop ; it has a large hospital, a gymnasium, a theatre, a foundling 

 hospital, and other benevolent institutions. The chief trade of the 

 town is in silk, wine, rice, and Parmesan cheese. 



Pavia occupies the site of the ancient Ticinnm, which was a town 

 of Cisalpine Gaul : little mention is made of it in Koman history. 

 The Lombard kings resided in Pavia; their old castle still remains. 

 Near Pavia Francis I. was defeated and taken prisoner by Charles V. 

 in 1525. Five miles from Pavia, on the road to Milan, is the Certosa, 

 a splendid Carthusian monastery, now suppressed. It was built by 

 Gian Galeazzo Visconti, duke of Milan, whose monument is in the 

 church : the church is rich in sculptures, marble, and fresco paintings. 



PAAVLENA-SELO. [NiscHNEi-NovooROD.] 



PAX AUGUSTA. [BADAJOZ.] 



PAXO. [losiAif ISLANDS.] 



PAZ, LA, Bolivia, the seat of a bishopric, and the capital of the 

 department of the same name, situated on the Rio Chuqueapo, at an 

 elevation of 12,220 feet above the sea, near 16 30' S. lat., 68 10' 

 AV. long. ; population about 20,000. It stands in a ravine probably 

 more than 1000 feet below the table-laud of the Lake of Titicaca 

 [BOLITIA], on some hilta which are scattered over the ravine, on the 

 northern side of which- rises the elevated peak of Illimani. The streets 

 of the town are very irregular, and some of them extremely steep. 

 It contains many extensive dwelling-houses, built in the Spanish 

 fashion ; but the greater part of the houses are only mud-huts, and 

 inhabited by Indians. La-Paz is the most commercial town in Bolivia, 

 being the centre where European goods are brought from the coast 

 of Peru, and exchanged for gold, bark, and other products of the 

 interior. 



PECKHAM. [KENT.] 



PEEIiLKS, the chief town of Peebles-shire, Scotland, a royal burgh 

 and market-town, is situated in a valley on the left bank of the Tweed, 

 in 65 88' N. lat, 3 6' AV. long., 22 miles S. from Edinburgh by 

 The population of the burgh in 1851 was 1982. The burgh is 

 governed by two bailies and eleven councillors, one of whom is 

 provost 



Peebles is a very ancient town. After tjhe battle of Nevill-Cross 

 (1348), in which David II. was taken prisoner by the English, the 

 town of Peebles contributed so largely to his ransom that he, in 1367, 

 created it a royal burgh. The old town having been burnt by the 

 English in 1545, a new town was commenced, and surrounded by a 

 wall, with gate*, which were standing in 1707. St. Andrew's cathedi-al 

 was formerly used as the parish church, but only a small portion of it 

 is now standing. The river is crossed here by an excellent bridge of 

 five arches. The houses and public buildings are substantial and 

 well built. Besides the pariah church there are a Free church, two 

 chapels for United Presliyt Tiani, an Episcdpal and a Roman Catholic 

 chapel, aud a Grammar school. There are also in the town a town- 

 ball aud a j;iil, a scientific institute, and a savings bank. There is a 

 weekly market. Eight fairs are held in the year. 



I'EKBLES-SHIRE, or TWEEDDALE, an inland county in the 

 fiuth of Scothmd, bounded N. by Edinburghshire, E. by the comities 

 of Selkirk and Edinburgh, 3. by those of Selkirk and Dumfries, and 

 W. by Lanarkshire, is situated between 55 24' and 55 50' N. lat, 

 2 45' and 3 33' AV. long. Its greatest length from north to south is 

 30 miles, and the greatest width frum east to west rather less than 

 22 miles. The area is 354 square miles, or 226,488 acres; the popu- 

 lation in 1841 was 10,499 ; in 1851 it was 10,738. 



Surfacf, ffydroyraptiy, and Communications. The general elevation 

 of IV-'bles-shire exceeds that of any other county in the south of 

 Scotland. The most mountainous parts extend from the south-east 

 to the south-western extremities of the county, including the sources 

 of the Clyde, the Tweed, and the Annan. On the north-east a lofty 

 ridge of mountains separates this county from Edinburghshire ; and 

 on the north-west it is separated from the same county by the Pent- 

 land Hills, among which the North Esk, the Lfith AVater, and the 

 Lyne (a tributary of the Tweed), have their rise. The principal 

 elevations are Culterfell, Cardon, and Dollarlaw, the summit of each 

 of which is more than 2400 feet above the sea-level; Hartfell 

 (2635 feet) and Broadlaw (2741 feet). The lulls and mountains in 

 1 muir afford pood pasturage for sheep and black cattle. 



The Tweed rines just beyond the limits of the county, to the north 

 of Erickstane, a hill in Dumfries shire, near Moffat. After it reaches 

 the town of Peebles, it course is nearly due east through the county, 



