1'KMIitto 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



109 



for the supply of Ihe London market. The 

 ranch sstsstnirt. Th* farms 



hmaa are small bat moth mesVhitfr. Th* farms vary in sice from 

 M *<ne to M end 1000 act**, the great proportion 8 from 100 

 tottWaere*. Th* chief crop* *r* oat*, barley, and potatoes A good 

 deal of batter Is nported. 



/hrwMtM.TtoM.JT.Pembrokeahirvii divided into ceten hundreds, 



-rtwrth,soiith^.t ; Castle-Martin, sooth ; Hoos and Dew- 



Maad. WMt; Krmy* and Kilgemn, north ; and Dungleddy, central 



Tan* member* are returned to Parliament from Pembrokeshire : one 



r the count T ; on* for Pembroke, Tt nby, Milford, and WUtun ; and 



on* far Hawrfetdweat, Bt David's, XUhguard. and Narberth. The 



ronty eoatome nine market-towns HiTfcroHDwnT, Pishguanl, 



8t. DATIDB, PnmiokK, T5BT, MltroiD, NA*BERTH, Newport, and 



Wistem. Thoas printed in email capitals are noticed under their 



: . aHth Pater, art Mh her*. 



jTsajesirf to a email sea-port, situated partly on a cliff near tho 

 mouth of the Owaln. 15 mile* N. from Haverfordwrst : population 

 ITftT in 1M1. The river is croeted by a bridge of five arches. 

 Bmate* the pariah church there ere chapels for Independent*, Baptist*, 

 aad Cllnist 10 Methodist*. The market I* held on Thursday ; fairs 

 *r held five time* a year. A county court Is h. Id. Some flannel is 

 manufactured. Hat-making and rope- and sail-making are cart 

 Slate abound, in the neighbourhood. Numerous vessels aro engaged 

 hi th* ntherit* and In the etport of corn and butter. Flthgtlard Is a 

 parHamaytary borough, contributory to the district of Haverfordwest. 



Anry-orf, a cas-port 7 miles E.N.E. from Kishguard, popular. 

 th* parish 1T10 in 1851, is situated at the mouth of the Novern. which 

 empties itself Into the Bay of Newport There are some remains of 

 an ancient Cattle. Slate* are quarried on the coast and shipped at 

 Newport There is gnod salmon-fishing in the Neveru. The market 

 is on Kiiday : fain are held on June 27th and October 16th. 



ftter. or fVstftroiv Dotk, is situated within a mile of Pembroke, in 

 which borough It is included : population of the ecclesiastical district 

 MM in 1861. The town Is tt.-atly built n:ul li-ht d with gn. It has 

 a Urge market-house. A considerable trade is carried on with Ireland 

 and America. Th" royal dockyard was removed in 1814 from Milford 

 to this place. The dockyard establishments cover 80 acres : they 

 malaoa an arsenal and 12 iron-roofed slips for ship-building ; the whole 

 I* surrounded by a high wall and strongly fortified ; large barracks, 

 defended by bastion* and a wide and detp ditch, have been recently 

 completed. A new church was completed in 1848. There are a chapel 

 of seat, chapels for Roman Catholics, Wesleyan Methodist*, and 

 Baptist*, National and Briti-h schools, and a temperance hall. Markets 

 are hold on Tureday and Friday. 



H'ufew, a contributory borough in the Pembroke district, is 10 miles 

 K. by E. from Pembroke. It is a small place, with a population of 

 TT4 ; the chief buildings are the parish church and a ruined castle. 

 A fair U held October 20th. 



The following are some of the more Important villages ; the popu- 

 lations are those of 18fil : 



Abrrmtttr, a small place, situated on a creek miles S.W. from 

 Fishguard, lias a well-sheltered harbour and some coasting trade. 

 There are some large cromlechs and other primeval remains in this 

 neighbourhood. Bmadlwrcn, a pretty little watering-place on St. 

 Bride's Bay, 6 miles W. by S. from Havvrfordwest, is much frequented 

 in summer. It is celebrated for the extent and hardness of Its sands, 

 and the purity of it* water. St. Dogmad'i, population of the 

 MM, a straggling fishing village on the left bank of tho Tcivy, is built 

 round th* remains of 8t Dogmael's Priory, about two miles from 

 Cardigan. The priory was founded by Martin de Tours ; part of the 

 north transept remains ; the adjoining parish church was constructed 

 with materials from this fine old building. Betides tho church there 

 are pUees of worship for Wesleyan Methodists (Welsh) and Baptists. 

 Xilpiit*, population of the pariah 1866, a village consisting of a street 

 half a mile in length, 1* situated on the left bank of the Teivy. 

 4 mile* R.K. from Cardigan. The chief occupation is salmon-fishing 

 by mean* of coracles. Slates are extensively quarried. Large fairs 

 for horses, cattle, ftc., are held in August and November. Near thu 

 village is the majestic ruin of Kllgerran Castle, founded by Gilbert 

 fttroogbow in 1109. A'eeent, t miles E. from Newport, on the right 

 bank of the Nevern, population 1642, possesses a Norman church 

 dedicated to Bt. Bryuaeh. In the churchyard is an ancient decorated 

 creel of great beadty. Samtlmfout, a thriving coal-port, is situated 

 oa Caermarthen Bay, 8 miles N. from Tenby. The harbour is pro- 

 tected by plera, and connected by tramways with extensive anthracite 

 eellierlc*. North of this place are Heau Castle, a modern residence, 

 and Amroth Castle, a splendid modern mansion, on the site of an old 

 feudal structure. Solra, or Sulfaeh, is a small sea-port, 4 miles !:. IV. n, 

 8t David's. Th* Wesleyan Methodist*, Ind. -indents, and Baptists 

 have place* of worship. There are a National school and a superior 

 school called Holva Academy. A small market is held on Friday 

 BHfkpvlf, I* a pretty village, situated on tho edge of Staekpole Park, 

 mlUe 8. from Pembroke. In this park, one of the finest in Wales, 

 etaads the mansion of Karl Cawdor. 



Pembrokeahire Is In the diocese of St. David's nnd archdeaconry of 

 Caermarthcn. Aeun* and quarter sessions are held at Haverford- 

 west county court! at Kiihguard, Haverfordwest. Narberth, and 

 Pembroke. 



Hitfory and A*tii*itiet. Giraldus CambrensU informs us that 

 Pembrokeshire was conquered in the reign of Henry I. by Arnulf do 

 Montgomery, who built the first castle . I' I t stakes and 



turf. In the same relgu a col> 



went of Tenby, which is called the hundred i- nd in 



the neighbourhood of Harerfordwest ; th. ir descendants still 

 much of their nationality, and the dijtrict U hence termed ' Little 

 England beyond Wales.' 



Pembrokeshire Is rich in antiquities. M.my primeval remains are 

 found about Bt David's Head, and in tho west of the county generally ; 

 several Danish encampment*, may be seen near I.inney 11 !. The 

 history of the see of St David's, and a ttotico of the cathedral bin 1 . 

 aro given under DAVID'S, ST. Pembroke Castle, the birthp! 

 Henry VII., is noticed under I'KMBIIOKE. T.. 

 already mentioned in this article we add the follow 

 Castle, nearTetlby, situated among hilln overlooking n wild a:,d 

 cosst terminated by St Oowau's Head, wns founded by a Norman 

 knight named De Barri, ancestor of Oiraldus de liarri, sun 

 Cambrennis, who was born here in 1148. AtLamphey. broke, 



are the remains of an episcopal palace alienated to Henry VII ! 

 by him granted to Walter Devereux, afterwards Viscount Hereford. 

 Carew Castle, on the road from Tenby to Pembroke, stands on a ! 

 elevation above a creek of Milford Haven. The state apartment*, the 

 chapel, and the great hall, 102 feet by 20 feet, are light. 

 lofty mullioned windows, and are In good preservation ; near the 

 entrance Is a room 80 feet by 80 feet. On tho left of the n> 

 approaching the village of Carew, is a lofty ancient stone cross of 

 remarkable I 



Statiitic* : Religiont Worthip and Education. In the 

 county (the population of which in 1851 was 84,472. being 9668 lees 

 than that of the county proper) there were 317 places of worship in 

 1851, of which 136 belonged to the Church of England, 62 to Metho- 

 dists, 59 to Independents, and 50 to Baptists. The total number of 

 sittings provided was 67,004. The number of day .-chools wan 18 J, 

 with 8079 scholars ; of Sunday schools 179, with 14, ; and 



of fveuiug schools for adults 2, with 31 scholars. A mechanics institute 

 at Pembroke Dock had 276 members, with a library of ' 

 and a literary nnd sei. utiiic institute at Haverford west had T2 11 

 Iwr.j, with a library of 40 volumes. In 1858 the county posse 

 savings banks at Haverfordwest and Pembroke. The total amount 

 owing to depositors on November 20th 1853 was 106,953(. 18. M. 

 \Ni:, 1TLO. [PRINCE OF WALES ISLASD.] 



l'!:\l).:\NI3. [FALMOUTH.] 

 uLKUUUY. [LANCASHIRE.] 



1'K.NKl'S. [THESSALT.] 



I'KMSTONK, West Riding of Yorkshire, a market-town and tho 

 seat of a Poor-Law Union, in tho parish of Peuistone, is situated on 

 the right bank of the river Don, in , r >3 31' N. lat., 1" :: 

 distant 17 miles 8.8. \V. from WukdUM, 175 miles N.N.W. from London 

 byroad, and 176 miles by the Great Northern and Manchester, Shef- 

 field and Lincolnshire railways. Th population of the township of 

 Peuistone in 1851 was 802. The living is a vicarage in the archdea- 

 conry of Craven and diocese of Ripon. IVnistoii i'nion 

 contains 15 parishes and townships, with an area of 33,846 acres, and 

 a population in 1851 of 18,214. Penistouc church is a neat bti 

 and there are places of worship for Wesleyan Methodists, Independents, 

 and Quakers. The Grammar school, founded in 1604, is free for e 

 to nil boys in the parish ; it has an income from endowment .- 

 a year, and had 50 scholars in 18.~>2. There is a Free school for 

 The market, which is chiefly for cuttle, is held weekly on This. 

 there are five yearly fairs. 



PKNKIUDUE, Stafforclhliire, n village and the seat of a Poor-Law 

 Union, in the parish of Penkridge, is situated on the right bank of the 

 river Peuk, in 82 43' N. lat, 2 0" W. long., distant 6 miles S. from 

 Stafford, 131 miles N.W. from London by road, and 136 miles by the 

 Nortu-Westeni railway. The population of the township of Penkri.l^e 

 in 1851 was 2663. The living is a perpetual curacy in the are. 

 conry of Stafford and diocese of Lichfield. Penkridge Poor-La* 

 contains 21 parishes and townships, with an area of 68,3(': ( 

 a population in 1851 of 16,541. Pcukridgo clii fly consists of two 

 streets leading down to the bridge over the Peuk, before reaching 

 which they unite : the lower part of the village is subject to frequent 

 inundations. There are here tho parish church, u chapel for Inde- 

 pendents, and a National school. Three yearly i'.iira are held; 

 them a large cattle-fair, and another a large horse-fair. 



I'KN'MAENMAWH. [L'AEHMAi!Ti!ENsmE.l 



I'KNX.UIt. [HINDUSTAN.] 



I'KNNSYLVANIA, one of the most populous and wealthy of the 

 V'nited States of North America, lies between 89" 43' and 42 N. lat., 

 40' and 80 86' W. long. It is bounded K. by the state of 

 New Jersey; N.K. and N. by that of New York; N.W. for 40 milea 

 by Lake Erie; W. by the state of Ohio; S.W. by Virginia; S. by 

 Maryland ; and 8.E. by Delaware. Its form is that of a parallelogram, 

 with a length from east to west of 80S miles, and a width of 155 miles. 

 The area is about 47,000 square miles. The population in 1S50 was 

 2,811,780 (of whom 53,626 were free coloured persons), or 4'.' 

 tho square mile. The inhabitants being all free, the federal 

 sentaUvo population is the same as the entiro population iu 1850; this, 



