131 



PLYMOUTH. 



PO. 



183 



The Dockyard, one of the finest in the world, comprises an area of 

 71 acres. Within the yard are the basin, constructed in the reign of 

 William III., and the dock, sufficiently capacious for the reception of 

 a 74-gun ship, as well as six building-slips, and three other docks, one 

 of which, the new north dock, is 260 feet by 85 feet, and 27 feet 8 inches 

 deep. The building-slips are roofed over with sheet-iron, copper, or 

 zinc. A new and very extensive basin or dock has been for several 

 years in progress of construction. In the anchor-smithery Xasmyth's 

 steam-hammer is employed in the forging of anchors. The ' rigging- 

 house ' ia a handsome edifice 480 feet in length, and three stories 

 high ; it forms one side of a quadrangle, the whole of the buildings in 

 which are entirely composed of stone and iron. The rope-houses are 

 limestone buildings 1200 feet long, parallel to each other, and two 

 (tones high. Cables were formerly made here 100 fathoms in length, 

 and measuring in circumference 25 inches. In the dockyard is a large 

 chain-cable storehouse ; but the annual consumption of hemp for the 

 manufacture of rope*, cordage, cable, &c., is still very considerable. 

 The immense roofs over the docks, being on the span of an arch 

 without battre**, are remarkable specimens of architectural skill, 

 the area of one of them amounting to 1 acre 39 poles and 200 feet. At 

 Keyhatn Point the construction of a great dock for the repair and 

 tittm,' of war-steamers was commenced in 1844. The designs, which 

 were prepared by Mr. Bury, embrace an extent of quay or wharfage 

 in the south basin amounting to 1570 feet, and in the north basin to 

 2240 feet. The area included is 72 acre*. 



Devonport was enfranchised by the Reform Act in 1832. and since 

 that period has returned two members to the Imperial Parliament. 

 The parliamentary borough includes, in addition to the town of Devon- 

 port, the whole of the pariah of Stoke Damerel, and the township of 

 Stonebous*. Petty MOODS are held by the county magistrate* weekly 

 in the town-hall, for the dispatch of business connected with the town 



, or Salt Bttmdmat, is situated between Plymouth and 

 Devonport, and almost reaches both, in consequence of the erection 

 of new bouses in all the towns. In Stonehouse are the Royal William 

 Victualling-yard, the Royal Naval Hospital, the Royal Military Hos- 

 pital, and the Marine barracks. The Royal William Victualling-yard 

 w situated on Cremill Point, a rocky promontory connected with 

 Stooehouje by a narrow isthmus. Over the entrance gateway is a 

 eolosaal statue of William IV. in Portland stone, upwards of 13 feet 

 high. The interior of the victualling-yard consist* of large quadrangu- 

 lar range* of substantial buildings, separated by open court*, which 

 have been hewn out of the solid rock. The area inclosed is about 

 IS acres, in part leeomed from the sea by sea-walls and embankment*, 

 and the rest hewn from the solid rock. The machinery employed 

 eooaut* of a corn mill (capable of grinding 1000 bushel* of corn in 

 tan hour*), with 24 pair* of mill-etooe*, worked by two steam-engine* ; 

 bakery, worked by machinery, with 19 oven* ; an oatmeal mill ; and 

 two wheat-drying mill*. There are in 8<nhMi three churches of 

 the Krtabluhment; chapel* for Independent*, Baptiste, and other 

 Dismten; National and Infant tchools; and achooU for boy* and 

 girl* in the Marine barrack.. 



Connected with the town* of Plymouth, Devonport, and Stonehotue 

 are the town* of Stoke Damerel and Mono* Town ; and several im- 

 portant village* are in the neighbourhood. The land and river 

 emery k exceedingly picturesque, and th* sea-view is singularly 

 interesting. 



PLYMOUTH. [MASBACHnrrre ; MoimtRRAT.] 



PLYM PTON ST. MART, Devonshire, the *eat of a Poor-Law Union, 



I* situated near the left bank of the river Plym, in 50 29' N. lat, 4" 4' 



W. long.; distant 4 miles N.E. from Plymouth, and 21S miles W.S.W. 



London. The population of the pariah in 1861 wa* 2815. The 



living i* a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Totnw and diocese 



ter. Plympton St. Mary Poor Law Union contain* 10 perishes 



d townships, with an area of 75,669 acre*, and a population in 1851 



of 19,728. A priory was founded at Plympton St. Mary during the 

 Heptarchy by one of the Saxon kings. The parish church, which 

 stands within the cemetery of the priory, was originally built by 

 William Warlewast, nephew of the Conqueror, and bishop of Exeter. 

 The church is chiefly in the perpendicular style ; come jwrtion* are 

 of early English date. There are two National* school*. Plympton 

 St. Mary Union workhouse i* a large building in the Elizabethan 



I'l.YMI'T'.X ST. MAURICE, PLYMPTON EARLE, or EARL'S 

 PLYM I' ! > i '. I vnnshire, a municipal borough and market-town, and 

 on* of the ancient stannary towns, adjoin* Plympton St. Mary on th* 

 ooth-eMt It i* guittnsJ by a mayor, recorder, and eight aldermen. 

 Th* living i* a perpetual curacy in toe archdeaconry of Totnes and 

 U ..... of Kx*ter. Th* population of the borough in 1861 was 1240. 

 Th* paruh church, a structure of the middle of the 16th century, i* 

 of perpendicular character; the chancel i* decorated. A handsome 

 painted window ha* lately been inserted at the eastern end. Hele's 

 Grammar school, founded in 1659, ha* an endowment of 180J. a year, 

 and had 18 scholars in 1861. Many of the inhabitant* are engaged in 

 mining. A cattle-market is held on the first Monday in each month ; 

 a market for butcher's meat i* held every Friday. Plympton Castle, 

 now in ruins, WM K-n!t soon after the Conquest. Earl'* Plympton was 

 the birthplace of Sir Joshua Reynold* ; his portrait, painted and pre- 



sented by himself, adorned the guildhall till a few years back, when it 

 was sold by the corporation. 



PO, a river of Italy, called Padus and Eridanus by the Romans, rises 

 from two springs in about 44 40' N. lat., 7" E. long., on the eastern 

 side of Monte Viso [ALPS], about 6000 feet above the sea. Flowing 

 first east and then north-east through a deep valley called Val d'Oro, 

 the Po receives on. its left bank the ChUone and other streams from 

 the valleys of Pignerol ; and on its right bank the Vraita, the Maira, 

 and the Grana, which, rising in the recesses of the Maritime Alps, flow 

 in a north-east direction, and join the Po in succession above the town 

 of Carignano, whence the river flows nearly due north to Turin through 

 a broad valley bounded by the offsets of the Cottian Alps on the west, 

 and the hills of Monferrato on the east Passing Turin, where it is 

 crowed by a handsome stone bridge, the Po receives on its left bank 

 the Dora Riparia from the valley of Susa and Mont Cenis, and after- 

 wards the Stura from the valley of Lanzo, a romantic district among 

 the Alps north-west of Turin. The river now inclines to the north- 

 east, receives the Orca from the north, and passing by the town of 

 Chivasso, turns to the east, or east-by-south, in which general direction 

 it continues to flow for the rest of its course to the sea, making how- 

 ever numerous windings. Below Chivasso the Po receives from the 

 north the Dora Baltea, with all the drainage of the valley of Aosta ; 

 and about thirty miles farther the Sena, a considerable stream, which 

 rises in the glaciers of Monte Rosa, and which, after draining the Val- 

 Sesia, an alpine valley, enters the plain of Vercelli, receives the Cervo 

 and other streams, and after a course of about ninety miles enters the 

 Po below the town of Casale. The Po here makes a bend to the south, 

 but on reaching Valenza resumes its eastern course. In all its course 

 from Carignano to Valenza, for a length of nearly eighty miles, the 

 Po receivej no affluents of any importance on its right bank, being 

 skirted all along on that side by the hills of Monferrato, owing to 

 which the river describes a kind of semicircle. But to the south of 

 thoee hill*, and between them and the Ligurian Apennines, flows the 

 Tmaro, a large stream which rises near Ormea in the Maritime Alps, 

 and, flowing northward, receives the Ellero, Peeio, and Gesso, and the 

 Stura from Cuneo (Stura is the name of several rivers of Piedmont) ; 

 and after passing by Cherasco and Alba it then turns to the east, 

 receiving the drainage of the hills of Lower Monferrato on one side, 

 and of the Ligurian Apennines on the other. The Tanaro flows by Asti, 

 the principal town of Monferrato, receives the Belbo from the south, 

 and farther on the Bormida, swelled by the Orba from the mountains of 

 La Bocchetta ; after which it flows through the plains of Alessandria 

 and Marengo, and enters the Po about eight miles below Valonza, 

 after a tortuous course of about 160 miles, in which it describes a 

 segment of a circle nearly parallel to that described by the Po, being 

 separated from the latter river by the hills of Lower Mouferrato. 



After receiving the Tanaro tlr: Po continues its course in an easterly 

 direction through the wide plain of Lombardy, receiving on its right 

 or southern bank the Scrivia from Tortona and the StaSora from 

 Voghera, and on it* left or northern bank the Agogna and the Ter- 

 doppio from Novara. Between Voghera and Piacenza several offsets 

 of the Ligurian Apennines approach cloee to the southern bank of the 

 Po, whoae only affluent of any importance from that quarter is the 

 Trebbia, a mountain torrent which swells greatly in the rainy season, 

 but is shallow in time of drought. The northern feeders of the Po 

 east of the Tanaro are deep perennial rivers, being fed by the glaciers 

 of the Alps ; but the southern partake more of the nature of torrents, 

 being chiefly supplied by the rains which fall in the Apennines. 



The Ticino is one of the principal affluents of the Po. It issues out 

 of several small lakes near the summit of the St. Gothard, flows 

 through the canton of Ticino, and enters the Lake Maggiore, out of 

 which it issues again at Sesto, whence it flows for sixty miles through 

 th* great plain, marking the boundary between the Austrian and 

 Sardinian territories. It passes by Pavia, and enters the Po a few 

 miles below that city. The Ticino is a very rapid river, but is navig- 

 able in the lower part of its course. East of the Ticino the Po receives 

 the Lambro, swelled by the Olona, the river of Milan ; and lower down 

 the Adda, a deep and rapid stream, which is the outlet of the Lake of 

 Coino, and is swelled by the Brembo and the Serio from the mountains 

 of Bergamo. [ADDA.] East of the Adda runs the Oglio, a considerable 

 river, which rices in Valcatnonica on the borders of the Valtelina, 

 form* the little lake Iseo, and, issuing out of it at Sernico, receives 

 theMella from Brescia, and the Chieae (which is the outlet of the Lake 

 of Idro), and enters the Po above Borgoforte. The Oglio is navigable 

 by large boats below Pontevico. It* whole course, from its source to 

 it* confluence, i* about 140 miles. Proceeding to the eastward, the 

 next great affluent of the Po is the Mincio, an important river, which 

 i* the outlet of the Lake of Garda, and with it forms a geographical 

 division between the Milanese territory, or Lombardy proper, and the 

 old Venetian territories. The Mincio, after issuing out of the lake at 

 Pescbiera, forms the lagoons in the middle of which lies Mantova. 

 Below Mantova it is navigable for large boats down to its confluence 

 with the Po near Governolo. 



The Po below Piacenza receives on it* southern bank the following 

 rivers, or rather torrents, which rise in the Apennines : The Nura, a 

 small stream ; the Taro, a larger river, which rises in the mountains 

 of Pontremoli, and after a course of about sixty-five miles enters the 

 Po above Casal Maggiore ; the Parma and Lenza, two small streams in 



