I-OTTEKSPURY. 



riiKSIJURG. 



which U an oblong punJlelogram, three stories high, adorned with 

 of the Corinthian order. The main tntranoe U towards 



th* old market-place, a handsome square, in the middle of which there 

 U an ob*Uak of ml and white marble 75 feet high adorned with bust*. 

 Tb palaco h rxteuive gardens along the river. The town-hall wai 

 built in 1754, on the model of that of Amsterdam. Among the other 

 .g the moet notable are the theatre ; the poor-homo and 

 infirmary ; the military orphan onylum ; the garrison church, which 

 contains the tombs of Frederick William L and Frederick II. ; the 

 church of the Holy Ghost, with a fine steeple 2SO feet high ; the 

 French Protestant church, built on the plan of the Pantheon at Rome; 

 the barracks ; and a large building, 600 feet in length and 75 feet in 

 brradth, for exercising the troops in bad weather. The gymnasium 

 (which has 18 teachers), the seminary, and the military school are the 

 chief educational eatablubmenU. The principal manufactures ara 

 silk, cotton, linen, woollens, leather, muskets and small anna, sugar, 

 hata, hosiery, musical instruments, and carriages. 



In the vicinity of Potsdam are the Pfaueninsel (Peacocks' Island), 

 in the Havel, 2000 paces long and 500 paoes broad, prettily laid out, 

 and containing many foreign animals; the palace of Sansouci, the 

 favourite residence of Frederick II., which stands amidst beautiful 

 gardens on the slope of an eminence and commands a fine prospect ; 

 the Marble Palace; and the New Palace, a magnificent building 

 founded by Frederick II., and situated in a fine park. 



The cin-le of Potadam and the chief towns iu it are noticed under 

 BfUXDE.Xir 



POTTERSPURY, Northamptonshire, a village and the seat of a 

 Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Potterspury, is situated in 52 5' 

 N. lat, 53' W. long., distant 10 miles S. from Northampton, and 

 5$ miles X.\V. from London. The population of the parish in 1S51 

 was 1734. The living ia a vicarage in the archdeaconry of North- 

 ampton and diocese of Peterborough. Potterspury Poor-Law Uuiou 

 contains 15 parishes and townships, with an area of 22,401 acres, and 

 population in 1851 of 10,621. The parish church is in the decorated 

 style, with a very handsome tower ; there are also a chapel for Inde- 

 pendents, and a Free school The lace manufacture gives employment 

 to some of the population. 



POTTON, Bedfordshire, a market-town in the parish of Potton, is 

 situated in 52 8' N. lat., 13 \V. long., distant about 12 miles E. 

 from Bedford, and 50 miles N. by W. from London by road. The 

 population of the parish in 1351 was 1922. The living is a vicarage 

 in the archdeaconry of Bedford and diocese of Ely. The town of 

 Potton was almost entirely destroyed by a conflagration in 17S3, BO 

 that the houses ore now nearly all modern. A good corn-market is 

 held on Saturday ; fairs are held four times in the year. Besides the 

 parish church there are chapels for Independents and Baptists, and a 

 National school. 



POTTSVILLE. [PENSSYI.VAMA.] 



POUANCE. [MAIKE-ET-LOIBE.] 



POUGHKEEPSIE. [NEW YORK.] 



POUGUKS. [XJEVBE.] 



POUILLY. [NIEVBE.] 



POULLAOUEN. [FIXISTERE.] 



POULTON. [LASCASHIKK.] 



POrUr.UN', ST. [AI.LIEB.] 



POZZOOLL [NAPLES, Province of.] 

 /v.roLo. LGexoi-J 



PK.KM.STi:. [I'ALESTBINA.] 



PRAGUE, properly PRAG, the capital of Bohemia, is situated in 

 60' 5' 19' N. lat, 14 25' E. long., 250 miles N.N.W. from Vienna by 

 railway through Briinn, but only 158 miles iu a straight line. The 

 town U built on the banks of the Moldau, in a valley and on the 

 slopes of the bills that inclose it In size and beauty Prague is the 

 third city in Germany, and produces a very striking effect when viewed 

 at a distance, by its commanding situation, the lofty steeples of its 

 Dumerous churches, and iti fine palaces and public buildings. The 

 city consists of four quarters the Old Town, which is gloomy and 

 closely built, with very high old-fashioned houses, and which includes 

 the Jewuh quarter ; the New Town, which surrounds the Old Town, 

 and ha* finer and broader street*, spacious squares, lower houses, and 

 a healthy site ; the Kleinaeite, which stands in a semicircular valley 

 on the left bank of the Moldau, between two hills called the Laurenz- 

 berg and the Schlouberg ; thu quarter is smaller than the old town, 

 but contains many gardens, fine palaces, and lofty houses ; and the 

 Hndscbin, which in built on the Schlossberg, is the smallest but the 

 finest part of the city, and contains a great number of magnificent 

 palaces. The town of Wissehrad, which joins the now town, and the 

 village of Smichow, on the left bank of the Moldau, are reckoned as 

 part of Prague; there i* likewise a now suburb called the Karo- 

 tenenthaL The city is surrounded with fortifications, and has eight 

 Bates. Additional fortifications were erected on the Hradscliin in 

 I860, so that its guns commanded every point in the city. The Old 

 Town and the Kleinwitc are connected by a chain bridge recently 

 erected, and by an ancient stone bridge of 16 arches. This last, which 

 was commenced by Charles IV. in 1358, is 619 yards long, 35 feet 

 broad, and 42 feet high ; it U adorned with 29 statues and groups of 

 sainU, and has an ancient tower at each cud. There ara in the city 

 48 Catholic and 2 Protestant churches, 9 synagogues, 15 monasteries, 



and 68 palaces. The metropolitan church of St-Veit, in the Hrndachin 

 quarter, which was commenced in the 10th century, but not completed 

 till 1500, has a steeple 314 feet high, from the top of which there is a 

 magnificent view of the city. This cathedral, in which are the 

 sepulchres of several emperors and kings, of Bohemian princes, and 

 remarkable men, has twelve richly-adorned ohapals, and contains 

 paintings of the 14th century, besides numerous antiquities and relics. 

 The greatest ornament of the cathedral is the monument of St. John 

 Nepomuk, the patron saint of Bohemia. Another remarkable old 

 church ia the Theinkirche, which dates from the 9th century, and 

 contains the tomb of the astronomer Tycho Brahe. Many of the 

 more modern churches, which arc chiefly in the Italian style, are 

 worthy of attention. Among the palaces, the Imperial Palace in the 

 Hradschin is the most remarkable building in the whole city, both for 

 its immense extent and its fine and commanding situation. King 

 Charles X. of France and his family resided for some years in this 

 palace after their expulsion from France. This palace was greatly 

 injured by fire in the winter of 1854-5. Other remarkable public 

 buildings are, in the Old Town, the Collegium Clementinum, built by 

 the Jesuits, in which Joseph II. placed the archicpiicopal seminary, 

 which has about 400 pupils ; the theatre ; the mint ; and 

 palaces, among which is one which belonged to the famous Wallen- 

 stein : in the New Town, the senate-house, the custom-house, anil the 

 military hospital : in the Kleinseite, the arsenal and the government- 

 house : and in the Hradschin, the archbishop's palace. 



The Carolinum of Prague, the oldest university in Germany, was 

 founded in 1348 by Charles IV., on the model of that of Paris, with 

 faculties of Catholic theology, law, medicine, and philosophy ; it had 

 63 professors and teachers and above 2100 students in 1850. Con- 

 nected with the university are a.veterinary school, a school for mid- 

 wifery, five clinical institutions, zoological and anatomical collections, 

 a botanic garden, a chemical laboratory, and an observatory. Prague 

 has three gymnasia one in the Kleinseite. with 17 professors and 570 

 pupils; one in the New Town (Neustadtlisches), with 18 prci 

 and 562 pupils ; and one in the Old Town (Altatadtlisches), with 20 

 professors and 850 pupils. There are also several other schools, a 

 Polytechnic Institution, an Academy of the Fine Art*, a Musical 

 Conservatory, an Academy of Sciences, and a Bohemian National 

 Museum, founded by Count Kolowrat, with important collections and 

 libraries. The university library, which consists of 130,000 volumes 

 and 4000 rare manuscripts of classical and Slavonian literature, is ki'pt 

 in the Collegium Clementinum ; there are besides, eight public 

 libraries and several private oues. The Imperial Cabinet of Natur.il 

 History has been greatly increased of late years. The hospitals and 

 charitable institutions for the reception and relief of the poor are 

 numerous and admirably conducted. There are asylums for the 

 blind, for deaf-mutes, and for lunatics. 



The manufactures consist of cotton tissues, hosiery, silk, leather, hats, 

 gloves, earthenware, jewellery, and plated goods, mathematical and 

 musical instruments, glass, buttons, snuff and tobacco, paper and 

 paper-hangings. There are also breweries, saltpetre-works, and many 

 other industrial establishments. Prog has a very flourishing com- 

 merce : the transit trade facilitated by the Moldau, which is navigable, 

 and by railways which connect the city with Vienna, Berlin, Dresden, 

 and the principal towns of Germany, is considerable ; there are three 

 great annual fairs. 



Prog is an ancient city, but the time of its foundation is uncertain. 

 It has suffered frequently and severely by the calamities of war, espe- 

 cially in the religious troubles of the 15th century. In 1620, in the 

 contest between the elector palatine and the emperor for the crown 

 of Bohemia, a battle was fought on the White Hill, two miles from 

 the city, in which the Imperial troops were victorious, and the elector 

 Frederick V., son-in-law of James I. of England, lost the crown. In 

 1741 Prag was taken by the French, who were blockaded in it by the 

 Austrians and after a vigorous defence were compelled by famine to 

 evacuate the city. In 1744, the Prussian Frederick II., got possession of 

 the city with an army of 100,000 men, but in ten weeks afterwan 

 obliged to evacuate it with the loss of 2000 prisoners, 132 caunons, 

 and 12 mortars, wlu'ch fell into the hands of the Austrians. In 1757 

 Frederick again besieged Prag, but the victory of the Austrians at 

 Collin obliged him to retire. On the 29th of May, 1848, the Czechs, 

 or native Bohemian party, revolted against Austria, aud appointed a 

 provisional government. From the 12th to the 17th of June there 

 was desperate fighting between the Czechs aud Germans; on the Utter 

 day the military under Prinoo Windischgratz retired to the Hradiuhin, 

 from which they commenced to bombard the rest of the town. On 

 the 19th the insurrection was quelled and the ringleaders iu custody. 

 The population of Prag is 143,000, of whom 12,000 are Jews, and the 

 great majority of the rest Catholics. 



PRATO. [FlRENZE.] 



PKAVIA. [ASTUBIAS.] 

 PRAYA. [AZORES, Tereeira.] 

 PRKKTZ. [HoLSTKiN.] 

 PRG.MEKY. [NIEVHE.] 



TRKNZLAU. [BBANDENBUBO.l 



PRERAU. [MOBAVIA.] 



PRKSBURG, a town in Hungary, is situated on the north bank of 

 the Danube, 33 miles in a straight line, 41 miles by railway E. from 



