QUADRA ISLAND. 



QUEEN'S COUNTY. 



IM 



lofty lime-trees, leads to a grot avenue and to the celebrated chaly- 

 (Mate spring*, of which there are four. The great bathing-house, which 

 cooUiu* 140 apartment* tastefully fitted up, and handsome spacious 

 baths, i* the most important structure in the place. There is likewise 



a salt-spring at which other baths have been fitted up. A few hundred 

 paces from the great avenue stands the palace of Pyrmont, the resi- 

 dence of the Prince of WnUlock. Above 300,000 bottles of the water 

 from tlio principal chalybeate spring are exported annually. 



Q 



QUADRA ISLAND. (VACOUVR ISLASD.] 

 QUAINTON. [BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.] 



QUATHLAMDA MOUNTAINS, or DRACHENBERG MOUN- 

 TAINa [NATAU] 



QUATUE ItRAS. [BRABANT, Socru.1 



QUATRK VALLEES. [PTRfejifeci. HAUTKS.] 



QUEBEC, the capital city of Canada East, is situated on the river 

 St. Lawrence, about 400 miles from its mouth, in 46 49' N. Int., 

 71* 12' W. long. The population in 1851 was 42,052. Quebec is 

 alternately with Toronto the seat of government and of the legislature 

 for the province of Canada. 



Quebec stands on a promontory formed by the confluence of the 

 river St. Charles with the St Lawrence, at the north-eastern extremity 

 of an elevated but narrow table-laud, which for about 8 miles forms 

 the left bank of the St Lawrence. Cape Diamond presents a nearly 

 precipitous face to the St Lawrence ; the descent to the St. Charles is 

 more gradual. The height of the platform of the citadel of Quebec, 

 which stands on Cape Diamond, is 333 feet 3 inches above the 

 St. Lawrence. The distance across the ridge between the two rivers is 

 rather more than a mile. The St. Lawrence abreast of the town is 

 only 1314 yards wide; below the point, the basin formed by the 

 junction of the two rivers is above a mile and a half in width, and the 

 tide rises 25 feet Quebec is situated at that part of the river where 

 the St Lawrence suddenly contracts in breadth, and is said to take its 

 name from the Indian word ' kebec,' which signifies narrow. 



Quebec is divided into the Upper Town and Lower Town, and the 

 suburbs of St. Roche, St John, and St Lewis. The Lower Town, 

 which is the seat of commerce, is built round the base of the pro- 

 montory. The custom-house and exchange reading-room are in the 

 Lower Town. There are two modes of ascent to the Upper Town, 

 one by a narrow and steep winding street, the other by a flight of 

 steps. The Upper Town has a northerly aspect, and is well ventilated ; 

 some of the streets are rather narrow, but they are generally well 

 paved. All public buildings and many private houses are roofed with 

 tin-plates, which produce a very striking effect. The citadel, which 

 crowns the summit of Cape Diamond, is strongly fortified, and covers 

 about 40 acres of ground. Surrounding the Upper Town is a wall 

 mounted with heavy ordnance, and pierced by five gates strongly 

 defended. The citadel contains a very extensive armoury. The 

 parliament house, governor's residence, post-office, and other edifices 

 appropriated to government departments, are among the public 

 buildings. Quebec is the seat of a Protestant bishop and a Roman 

 Catholic bishop. The Protestant cathedral is a plain modern edifice 

 with a spire. The Roman Catholic cathedral is a large building 

 with a heavy dome and spire. The Established Church of Scotland 

 and the Free Scotch Church have each a place of worship; and 

 there are several other churches and chapels belonging to the 

 various religious bodies. In the market-place is a barrack, a spacious 

 building, formerly the Jesuits' college. There are several large con- 

 ventual establishments. Among the chief public institutions are, j 

 the French college, the Royal Grammar school, the Royal Institution, ' 

 the Literary society, the Historical society, the Medical school, the ' 

 mechanics' institute, the city library, and several benevolent associa- 

 tions. A monument in honour of Wolfe and Montcalm stands on the 

 plains of Abraham, a short way west from the citadel 



The harbour of Quebec admits ships of the line to the lower part 

 of the basin ; merchant ships lie close to the wharfs at the head of 

 the basin, and in the St Lawrence abreast of the city. On the banks 

 of the St Lawrence, above the city, are extensive timber basins.' 

 Quebec is the great entrepot for the trade of Canada with Great 

 Britain, the United States, the West Indies, and elsewhere. The 

 total number of ships, inwards, during the year 1852 was 1231, of 

 05,024 tons aggregate burden ; outwards, 1228 of 518,580 tons. 



Quebec contains distilleries, breweries, and soap, candle, and 

 tobacco manufactories ; but the most important branch of industry is 

 ship-building. The ships built at Quebec during the year 1852 were 

 65, of 41,505 tons ; and in 1 851 they were 42, of 27,856 tons. Steamers 

 ply daily in summer between Quebec and Montreal, and between 

 Quebec and place* down the river. The city is connected by electric 

 telegraph with Montreal, Canada West, the United States, St. John's 

 in New Brunswick, and Halifax in Nova Scotia. 



Quebec was founded by the French in 1608. It 1759 it was taken 

 by awault by the British troop* under General Wolfe. The French 

 garri-on was commanded by the Marquis de Montcalm. Both Wolfe 

 and Montcalm were shun in the action. Quebec was ceded to Great 

 Britain by the treaty of Paris in 1763. A large part of the town 

 outside the fortifications was destroyed by fire in 1845. 



QUEDLINBURG. [MAODEIJUBO.] 



QUEEN CHARLOTTE'S ISLAND and SOUND. [VAMCOUVEII 

 ISLAND.] 



QUEKN CHARLOTTE'S ISLANDS, also called the ARCHI- 

 PELAGO OF SANTA CRUZ, are a group of islands in the P 

 north of the New Hebrides, between 10 and 12 S. lat, 165 and 163 

 E. long. They were discovered in 1595 by Mandana. The archipelago 

 consists of five or six islands of moderate extent, and a great numl.fr 

 of smaller ones. Some of them are surrounded by extensive coral 

 The largest is the island of Santa Cruz, called by the natives Nitandi, 

 which is above 20 miles long from east to west, and about half a 

 mile wide. On the north-western shore of it is Travenion Lagoon, a 

 j fine round harbour, though small. The other islands are Guertn, 

 Tubua, Lord Howe, Mallicolo, and Volcano : the last has an active 

 volcano. The larger islands and some of the smaller are elevated, 

 and apparently of volcanic origin, but most of the latter are low. 

 They are well wooded, and very populous. They produce the cocoa- 

 nut, the bread-fruit, and all the products of the Friendly Islands and 

 New Hebrides. The inhabitants belong to the race of the Austral 

 negroes; they have large canoes, and go almost entirely naked. It \\ :n 

 on the island of Mallicolo, called by the French Wanicoro, that La 

 Perouse was wrecked and lost with his crew. 



QUEEN CHARLOTTE'S TOWN. [PBISCE EDWARD ISLAND.] 



QUEENBOROUGH. [KENT.] 



QUEEN'S COUNTY, province of Leinster, Ireland, is bounded N. 

 by King's County ; E. by the county of Kildare, a detached portion of 

 King's County, and the county of Carlow; S. by the county of Kil- 

 kenny; and W. by Tipperary and King's County. It lies betv.crn 

 52 45' and 53 13' N. lat., 6 54' and 7 47' W. long. Its greatest 

 length from east to west is 37 miles, and from north to south 33 miles. 

 The area is 664 square miles, or 424,854 acres, of which 342,422 acres 

 are arable, 69,289 acres uncultivated, 11,630 acres in plantations, 

 1117 acres in towns, and 396 acres underwater. The population iu 

 1841 was 153,930 ; in 1851 it was 111,623. 



Surface, Hydrography, and Communications. The county is for the 

 most part comprehended in the basin of the Barrow, but a small 

 portion on the north and a yet smaller portion on the west side slope 

 towards the Shannon. The Slieve Bloom Mountains occupy the north- 

 western part of the county, and for some miles separate it from King's 

 County. These mountains are traversed on the border of the county 

 by a narrow defile, the Gap of Glendine, which forms the only com- 

 munication in this part with King's County. The Dysarfc Hills occupy 

 the south-eastern part of the county, and separate the valley of the 

 Barrow from that of its tributary the Nore. The rest of the county 

 is flat, or varied only by gentle undulations. Bogs are numerous iu 

 the central portions of the county, between the Slieve Bloom and the 

 Dysart Hills. 



The principal rivers are the Barrow and the Nore. The Barrow 

 rises in the Slieve Bloom Mountains, and has a winding course to the 

 border of the county, a little above Portarlingtou ; it continues its 

 course eastward along the boundary, except just about the towns of 

 Monasterevan and Athy in Kildare, till it quits the county a little 

 below the town of Carlow. The Barrow is navigable for barges from 

 Athy, about 40 miles from its source. The Nore rises in the adjacent 

 county of Tipperary, enters Queen's County on the south-western side, 

 not far from Borris-in-Ossory, aud flows first north-eastward, then 

 eastward to Castletown. Below Castletown it turns on the south- 

 east and flows to the border of the county, which, before finally 

 quitting, it separates for a short distance from Kilkenny county. The 

 Lower or Little Brosna, or Brusna, which joins the Shannon below 

 Banagher, rises within the western boundary of the county; and the 

 Clodagh, whose waters fall into the Brosna, which joins the Shannon 

 above Bauagher, rises within the northern boundary. The only lake 

 is Lough Annagh, on the northern border of the county; it does not 

 exceed a mile in length. 



A branch of the Grand Canal from Monasterevan enters the county 

 at its north-eastern corner, and there divides into two branches, one 

 of which runs westward about 12 miles to Mountmellick ; the other, 

 known as the Athy Canal, runs 12 miles southward, entering Kildare 

 county near Athy, just below which town it joins the Barrow. 



The Great Southern and Western railway crosses the county from 

 north-east to south-west, connecting it with Dublin on the one side 

 and with Limerick and Cork on the other. The road from Dublin to 

 Limerick passes through Ballybrittas, Maryborough, Mountrath, and 

 Borris-in-Ossory. The road from Dublin, by Athy and Cashel, to 

 Cork passes through Stradbally and Abbeyleix. A road from Dublin 

 to Birr passes through Portarlington and Mountmellick. Other roads 

 are numerous, and those to the market-towns are generally well laid 

 out, and in good condition. 



