RAPALLO. 



KAVENGLASS. 



Mi 



: 



Oeneni Godwin, and captured. It has ever since 



(with Ue rest of Vtgu, of which it U the commercial capital) remained 

 io |msisiiiii of th British ; but in February 1353 it suffered from a 

 fin which destroyed gr*at put of the town. By the latest 

 trtim-t.* the town and suborbt are computed to contain a population 

 of Dearly 80,000. 



(Cnwfurd. Journal o/aa Emhaay to Ikt Court of Ara.) 



RAJ'ALLO. [OuiOA.] 



RAPliDE, County Donegal, Ireland, a poet- and market-town, and 

 the at of diocese, ii aituated in 54 63' X. lat. T 38' W. long., 

 mile* W.NAV. from Lifford, and 13di milee N.N.W. from Dublin 

 by road. The population iu 1851 was 1492. The town, which is 

 finely aituated in a fertile and cultivated district, is well built It 

 , ntiins the pariah church, which is the cathedral church of the 

 linoeii. a plain cruciform building with a tquaro tower ; a Presby- 

 trrian meeting-house; a Free school founded in the reign of Charles II., 

 which hat an income from endowment of about 3501. a year, and had 

 36 scholars in 1854 ; a school for clothing, teaching, and apprenticing 

 90 poor boys; a National school; a widows' house for four clergy- 

 men's widows; a public library; a neat market-house; and a dis- 

 pensary. Near the town are the deanery aud the late episcopal 

 pl r ~. a apacioiu and handsome building. Considerable quantities of 

 produce are aold at the weekly market. Fain are held four times a 

 year. Petty sessions are held monthly. 



The see of Kaphoe is in the archiepiscopal province of Armagh. It 

 <w M r> r ^A.tw>. above two-thirds of the county of Donegal, and contains 

 34 benefices. The dignitaries are a dean, archdeacon, and four pre- 

 bendaries. The bishopric is said to have been founded in the 9th 

 century by St. Kunan, but there are no distinct traces of its existence 

 till the 12th century. By the Act 3 & 4 Will. IV. the see of Kaphoe 

 has been united with that of Derry. The cathedral church aud 

 bishop's palace of the united dioceses are in the city of Londonderry. 

 The income of the bishop is 80002. a year. 



R.UTKKTSNVYL. [GALL, ST.] 

 -Kl.V, LAKE. [BULGARIA.] 



UASSU VA, a small town in Bulgaria, situated on the right bank of 

 the Lower Danube, at the point where the river makes its great beud 

 to the northward, about 30 miles E.N.E. from Silistria. It is of 

 importance from it* position at the western end of the line of earth- 

 works called Trajan's Wall, which extends across the isthmus of the 

 Dobrudscba from near Raisova to Kusteiije, on the Black Sea. 

 Rassova is slightly fortified ; it was occupied for a short time by the 

 Bar**"?* in their invasion of Bulgaria in 1854. 



RASTADT, a fortified town, with 6000 inhabitants, in the grand- 

 duchy of Baden, is situated on the river Mure, near the right bank of 

 the Rhine, at a distance by railway of 14 miles 8. from Carlsruhe, and 

 SO miles N. by E. from Strasburg. It is regularly built Among the 

 public structures is a fine palace, built on the model of that of 

 Versailles, and till 1771 the residence of the margrave of Baden. 

 There are three churches, two chapels, a lyceum, and a training-school 

 for Catholic school-masters. Starch, snuff, tobacco, chicory, papier- 

 mache' articles, fire-arms, mathematical and philosophical instruments, 

 and carriages are manufactured. Raatadt has been the scene of im- 

 portant negotiations. On March 6, 1714, Prince Eugene and Marshal 

 Villars signed a treaty of peace in this town, which put an end to the 

 war of the Spanish succession. On the 9th of December, 1797, a 

 oougrrm was assembled at Rastadt to negotiate a peace between 

 France and the German empire. Koberjeot and Bonnier, the French 

 ambassadors at this congress, which was dissolved by the emperor 

 April 7, 1799, were murdered on their way home, at about 500 paces 

 outside) the town : no satisfactory evidence was ever obtained respect- 

 ing the authors of the crime. During the late rebellion in Baden, the 

 republican insurgent* having suffered various defeats from the 

 auxiliary Prussian troops, abut themselves up in Rastadt, which, 

 altar about a month's siege by the Prussians, surrendered uncon- 

 ditionally July 23, 1849. 



BATBY. [LKICESTEMHIRK.] 



RATHANUAX. [KlLDAM.] 



BATHCORMACK. [CoKK.J 



RATHbUWN, a Poor-Law Union in Ireland, extends over ^ the 

 barony of Ratbdowu in the county of Wicklow, and part of the 

 baronies of Kathdown, Dublin, and Uppercrosa in the county of 

 Dublin. It comprises 11 electoral divisions, with an area of 61,514 

 acres, and a population in 1851 of 48,140. The Union workhouse, 

 erected in 1841 at a cost of 60002., and capable of receiving 1280 

 paupers, is a handsome building, finely situated on a rising ground 

 overlooking the Dublin road, about 8 miles N. from the town of Bray. 

 It contains a National school Rathdown Castle, church, and village 

 stood in a deep ravine on the coast of Wicklow, about 15 miles S.S.K. 

 from Dublin. Of the castle there are some interesting remains ; the 

 church is quite gone ; two or three mud cabins alone mark the site of 

 the Tillage. 



KATUDRUH, County Wicklow, Ireland, a market-town and the 

 eat of a Poor-Law Union, U situated on the right bank of the 

 Avonmore River, and on the Dublin and Wexford road, in 52 56' 

 N. lat, 6* 14' W. long., 10 miles &W. by W. from Wicklow, and 38 

 miles a from Dublin. The population in 1851 was 947. Kathdrum 

 Poor-Law Union comprises; 30 electoral divisions, with an area of 



2-27,540 acres, and a population in 1851 of 47,932. The town, the 

 name of which signifies 'the hill fort,' occupies the aides and summit 

 of a commanding eminence, on which was anciently the residence of 

 the chieftain of the district The houses are generally well built, and 

 the place has a neat appearance. Tho parish church was erected in 

 1795. There are a Roman Catholic chapel, a Wesleyan Methodist 

 meeting-house, a Royal Chartered school with an endowment of Ij'.jl. 

 a year, and a National school. There are also a dispensary aud Union 

 workhouse. The flannel-hall, or market-house, which forms a spacious 

 square ou the summit of the hill, was built in 1793 by Karl Fitzwilliam, 

 proprietor of the town. Petty sessions are held in the place. There 

 are eleven yearly fairs. 



RATHENAU. [BRANDENBURG.] 



RATHFKILAND. [DOWNSHIRE.] 



KATHKKALK, County Limerick, Ireland, a market-town ami the 

 seat of a Poor-Law Union, is situated on the river Deel, in . 

 N. lat, 8 53' \V. long., distant by road 17 miles S.\V. by W. from 

 Limerick, 136 miles S.W. by W. from Dublin. The population in 

 1851 was 302U. Rathkeale Poor-Law Union comprises i 

 divisions, with an area of 79,932 acres, and a population iu 1651 of 

 28,587. The town contains the parish church, a Roman C':> 

 chapel, a Wesleyan Methodist meeting-house, and three National 

 schools, the court-house, fever hospital, dispensary, Uniou workhouse, 

 bridewell, and barrack. Quarter and petty sessions are held in the 

 place. Thursday is the market-day. There are 12 yearly fairs. In 

 the town are the remains of an ancient August in iau priory. The town 

 derived considerable advantage from the introduction of some Palatine 

 families, a part of a colony of German Protestants that settled in tliu 

 neighbourhood about the commencement of the 18th century. 



RATHMELTON. [DONEGAL.] 



RATHMINES. [DUBLIN, County of.] 



RATHMULLEN. [DONEGAL.] 



RATIBOR. [O-PPELN.] 



RATISBON (Reyensburg), the capital of the Upper Palatinate, iu 

 Bavaria, is one of the most ancient towns in Germany, having been 

 built by the Romans, by whom it was called Reginum, Castra Regis., 

 and subsequently Augusta Tiberii. In the 2nd century it was already 

 a place of trade. The Romans threw up a line of fortifk 

 between RatUbou and Cologne. Before the time of Charlemagne, and 

 long subsequently, it was the chief town ill Bavaria, and governed by 

 counts of its own under the immediate protection of the German 

 emperors. From 1663 to the dissolution of the German empire iu 

 1806, it was the seat of the Imperial Diet. 



Ratisbon is situated in 49 N. lat., 12 22' E. long., iu on extensive 

 and fertile valley, on the right bank of the Danube, opposite to its 

 confluence with the Regen. The Danube here forms two small islands, 

 called Oberwbrth and Niederworth, which are connected with each 

 other and with the banks of the Danube by a remarkable stone bridge, 

 1100 feet in length aud 23 feet wide, which was built in the years 

 1135 to 1140, and connects Ratisbon with its suburb Stadt-aui-Hof, on 

 the left bank. The town is surrounded with ramparts, pierced with eii 

 gates ; but the ditches have been filled up. Most of the housed are 

 built of stone; they are very old-fashioned, aud their great height 

 adds to the gloominess of the streets, which are narrow aud crooked, 

 but clean and well paved. The most remarkable buildings are the 

 ancient rath-house, in which the German Diet held its sittings ; the 

 gothic cathedral, one of the finest iu Germany, withiu the lurgr pn - 

 ciucts of which are two older cathedrals, cue now called the Baptistery 

 and dating from the 10th century, the other in the form of a basilic. i 

 and dating from Roman times; the Scotch Benedictine church of 

 .St. James, founded in 1165; tho vast abbey of St-Euimerau, which 

 now forms the palace of the Prince of Thuru-und-Taxis ; and the 

 churches of the ancient abbeys of Niederuiunster and Oberuiiiuster. 

 There are in all one cathedral aud 27 other churches and chapels. 

 Besides the library in the town-house, there are somu other consider- 

 able libraries aud collections of works of art ; also a botanical g: 

 a Catholic gymnasium, an ecclesiastical seminary, a school for the 

 blind, and a school of design. There arc extensive bleach-ground! 

 and breweries, aud manufactories of leather, tobacco, wax-candles, 

 soap, cutlery, earthenware, porcelain, fire-anus, and carriages. The 

 inhabitants carry on a considerable trade iu salt, timber, corn, and 

 their own manufactures, and transact extensive business ou com- 

 mission. The population is about 22,000, exclusive of the military. 

 Steamers ply regularly to Ulm aud Vienna. In au alley near the city 

 is a monument, erected in 1817, in honour of Kepler, who died here 

 in November 1630, and was buried in St. Peter's churchyard. On u 

 rook above the Danube, six miles below Rutisbon, stands the Walhalla, 

 a marble temple of tho Doric order, erected ou the plan of the Par- 

 thenon of Athens, by the ex-king Ludwig of Bavaria, in honour of the 

 great men of Germany. There were severe engagements between the 

 French aud Austriaus near Ratisbon in 1809. Electro-telegraphic 

 wires connect RatUbon with Munich aud Vienna. 



RATOATH. [MEATU.] 



RATZEBURG. [MECKLENBURG.] 



RAUCHEWACKE. [LAUBMBCBU.l 



RAUMO. [FINLAND.] 



KAIINDS. [NORTHAMPTONSHIRE] 



RAVENQLASS. [CUMBERLAND.] 



