REDBOURN. 



REIMS.. 



274 



Snph, or ' Weedy Sea,' from the vast quantities of marine weeds that 

 grow in it. The Arabs still give it the name of Babr Souf, which 

 has the fame meaning. The name Red given to this sea hag not been 

 explained ; it is probably a translation of Edom, the land of Edom 

 having extended to the Gulf of Akaba, where were its two ports Elath 

 and Ezion Geber. 



REDBOURN. [HERTFORDSHIRE; LINCOLNSHIRE.] 



REDDITCH. [WORCESTERSHIRE.] 



RKDON. [II.I.E-ET-VILAIXE.] 



REDRUTH, Cornwall, a market-town, and the seat of a Poor-Law 

 Union, in the pariah of Redruth, is situated in 50 13' N. Int., 5 13' 

 W. long., distant 27 miles S.W. from Bodmin, and 261 miles W.S.W. 

 from London. The population of the town of Redruth in 1851 was 

 7095. The living is a rectory in the archdeaconry of Cornwall and 

 diocese of Exeter. Redruth Poor-Law Union contains eight parishes, 

 with an area of 40,305 acres, and a population in 1851 of 53,628. 

 Redruth did not possess any importance till the working of its valuable 

 mines of copper and tin gave it wealth and population. The town 

 stands on the brow of a hill, and consists chiefly of one long street. 

 The church, dedicated to St. Uny, is about half a mile S.W. of the 

 town ; it was rebuilt in 1768, except the tower, which is a handsome 

 gothic structure, A chapel of ease was consecrated in 1833. There 

 are chapels for Baptist*, and Primitive, Wesleyan, and Association 

 Methodists ; National schools ; and a literary institution. The town 

 possesses a town-hall and county court-house; a commodious market- 

 house ; shambles, a small theatre, and a savings bank. Near the 

 entrance to the market-place is a clock-tower with an illuminated 

 clock. There are several iron-foundries in operation. There are 

 weekly sales of copper-ore. Markets are held on Tuesday and Friday ; 

 fairs, chiefly for cattle, are held on Easter Tuesday, Hay 1st, August 

 3rd, and October 1st. Several mineral railways connect Rednith and 

 the adjacent mines with ports of shipment on both sides ; the West 

 Cornwall railway gives Redruth direct communication with Truro, 

 Hayle, and Penxatic'. 



KKKl'HAM. [NORFOLK.] 



REKTH, North-Riding of Yorkshire, a market-town, and the seat 

 of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Grinton, is picturesquely 

 situated on the left bank of the river Swale, in 54* 24' N. lat, 1 56' 

 W. long., distant 53 miles N.W. from York, and 242 miles N.N.W. 

 from London. The population of the township of Reeth in 1851 was 

 1344. Reeth Poor-Law Union contains seven parishes and townships, 

 with an area of 70,267 acres, and a population in 1851 of 6820. The 

 town is irregularly built. It contains chapels for Wesleysn Methodists 

 and Independents, an Endowed school, and a school supported by the 

 Weaicyan Methodists. Some of the inhabitants find employment in 

 knitting stockings. Friday is the market-day ; six fairs are held in 

 the year. In the vicinity are some lead-mines. Near the town are 

 the remains of intrenchmentn which appear to be of Roman origin. 



REOENSBURG. [RATUBOII.] 



KK'KJIO. [CALABRIA; MODKIA, DCCHT ; RHEGTOM.] 



UKIOIENBACH. [SlMWA.] 



RKK'HKNBERO, a large and flourishing town in the north of 

 Bohemia, on the river Neisae, 62 miles N.N.E. from Prague: popu- 

 lation about 15,000. The principal buildings are three churches, 

 two palaces, a theatre, and a large and handsome school house. There 

 are four great manufactories of woollen cloth, with fulling-mills and 

 dye-houses. There are also manufactories of stocking*, hut*, linen, 

 and calico. The annual value of the goods manufactured here is above 

 half a million sterling. The trade of the town is very considerable, 

 it being the staple place for all woollen, linen, and cotton manufactures 

 of this part of Bohemia. 



RKX IIKXHALL, a town in Upper Bavaria, is situated in a 

 romantic country on the left bank of the Saale, at an elevation of 

 1323 feet above the level of the sea. Though it has only about 3000 

 inhabitants, it is a place of great importance, as being the central 

 point of the four great salt-works of Bavaria. The most ancient 

 documents relative to the alt springs at Reichenhall are of the 8th 

 century. As the great consumption of wood for so many years made 

 fii'-l too scarce to boil all the brine on the spot, pipes were laid down 

 in i'.li from Reichenhall to Trannstein, over an elevation of 828 feet 

 perpendicular height, and extending 8 leagues in length. A similar 

 conduit 14 league* in length, to Roaenheim on the Inn, where there is 

 abundance of wood, was made in 1809 ; and in 1817 the salt-springs 

 of Reichenhall, Traunstein, and Rovenheim were connected by con- 

 duits and pipes with the salt-mines of BincnTBtGADEX. The quantity 

 of salt produced Annually is 16,000 tons. 



REIGATE, Surrey, a market-town, parliamentary borough, and the 

 eat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Reigate, is pleasantly 

 situated in 51" 14' N. lat., 0' 11' W. long., distant 22 mile* E. from 

 Uuildfi.nl, 21 miles S. by W. from London by road, and 23 miles by 

 the London and Sonth-Kastern railway. The population of the 

 borough of Reigate in 1851 was 4927. The borough returns one 

 member to the Imperial Parliament. The living is a vicarage in the 

 aruh.lonconry of Surrey and diocese of Winchester. Reigate Poor-Law 

 contains 16 parishes, with an area of 51,276 acres, and a popu- 

 in It51 of 14,329. This place was a royal demesne at the 

 Conquest, and waa afterwards granted to the Earl of Warrenne and 

 Bnrrey. There was a castle here, which wns taken from Earl 



OKXI. my. YOU IT. 



Warrenne by Louis of France and the insurgent barons in 1216. 

 Under the site of the castle court is a spacious cavern, called the 

 Baron's Cave, from a tradition that it was a meeting-place of the 

 barons when consulting on the measures for obtaining Magna Charta. 

 The town contains many new houses, and is lighted with gas. The 

 church is of different dates from the 12th to the 17th century, but is 

 chiefly of perpendicular character ; it has a lofty embattled tower of 

 later date. In a vault under the chancel is buried Lord Howard of 

 Efnngham, afterwards Earl of Nottingham, who commanded the 

 English fleet against the Spanish Armada. The Quakers and Inde- 

 pendents have places of worship. The Free Grammar school, founded 

 in 1675, has an income from endowment of 452. a year ; it had 31 

 scholars in 1854, of whom 7 were free. There are also National and 

 Infant schools, a literary institute, and a savings bank. At Red-Hill, 

 near Reigate, is the Agricultural school of the Philanthropic Society 

 for the Reformation of Juvenile Offenders, which is under the direction 

 of a chaplain-superintendent. There is a market on Tuesday for corn 

 and provisions. Fairs are held on Whit-Tuesday, September 14th, 

 and December 9th. Sessions for the county and a county court are 

 held in Reigate. 



REIKJAVIK. [ICELAND.] 



REILLANNE. [ALPES, BASSFS.] 



REIMS, or RHEIMS, a city in the department of Marne in France, 

 is situated on the right or north bank of the V<Sle, a feeder of the 

 Aisne, 80 miles in a straight line and 107 miles by railway through 

 Epernay E.by N. from Paris, in 49" 15' 15" N. lat, 4 2' 12" E. long., 

 at an elevation of 282 feet above the level of the sea, and had 43,643 

 inhabitants in the commune at the census of 1851, exclusive of the 

 floating population. It is mentioned under the name of Durocortorum 

 by Julius Caesar (' Bell. Gall.,' vi. 44), in whose time it was the capital 

 of the Remt It stood at the convergence of several military roads. 

 At a later period it took the name of the people to whom it belonged, 

 whose name it retains with littlu alteration. In the time of the empire 

 Durocortorum was the most important place in the province of Belgica 

 Secunda, and was distinguished by its literary character. Christianity 

 was introduced into Reims about A.D. 360, from which date it gave 

 title to a bishop. 



In 494 this city, then in the hands of the Franks, by whom it had 

 been occupied after the defeat of Syagrius at TolbUc, was the scene 

 of the baptism of Clovis and the chief lords of his court by St. Remi, 

 who was then bishop of Reims. Reims was made an archbishop's see 

 in 744. In 1179 it was signalised by the consecration of Philippe 

 Auguste: all the succeeding kings of France down to Charles X. 

 inclusive were also consecrated here, with the exception of Henri IV., 

 Napoleon I., and Louis XVIII. On the revolution of 1880 the 

 ceremony was abolihed. In the middle ages several councils were 

 held here. Reims was also the capital of a county, afterwards of a 

 duchy. In 1359 it was unsuccessfully besieged for seven months by 

 the English under Edward III. It was taken in 1421 by the English, 

 who however were driven from it by Joan of Arc. In 1814 it wag 

 taken, March 12, by a corn* of Russians, but retaken next day by 

 Napoleon I. 



The town is situated in a vast basin surrounded by chalk-hills, on 

 which good wine* sre produced. The site of the town is an oblonp, 

 extending from north-west to south-east. The ancient walls which 

 surround it are between two and three miles in extent ; they are 

 strengthened with towers, and being planted with tree* form in 

 summer a very agreeable public walk. They inclose within their 

 circumference many large gardens and several spaces entirely unoccu- 

 pied. The entrance into the town is by six gates. A Roman triumphal 

 arch, covered with bat-reliefs and adorned with eight fluted Corinthian 

 columns, is built into the circuit of the walls. 



The town is well built ; the streets are wide, neatly laid out, and 

 well paved, but present a dull appearance from the absence of bustle 

 and the grass which grows plentifully in them. The houses are for 

 the most part built of chalk, or of boards covered with slate ; some 

 of them still present their gables to the street ; in others the 

 upper stories project, and being supported on wooden columns form 

 on the ground-floor a covered walk or gallery. Thn squares are 

 generally small and of irregular shape, except La-Place-Roynle, a 

 regular square, surrounded by good houses and public buildings of 

 mingled Doric and Italian architecture, and having in its centre a well- 

 executed statue of Louis XV. The streets are adorned with fountains 

 supplied with water from the VSle by the water-works erected at his 

 own cost by the AbW Godinot, one of the canons of the cathedral. 

 There is a pleasant public walk planted with trees on the west side of 

 the town. 



The most striking public building is the cathedral of Notre-Damc, 

 one of the finest gothic edifices in Europe. It was commenced in 

 1210 on the site of a more ancient church, and was opened in 1241. 

 The length of the nave and choir is about 466 feet; the breadth 

 99 feet ; the length of the transept is 160 feet ; the height is 144 feet. 

 The west front, which is flanked by two square towers 267 feet high, 

 is pierced by three magnificent arched portals, adorned with a vast 

 number of statues, bas-reliefs, and other ornaments of exquisite work- 

 manship. Over the principal doorway is a fine circular window of 

 stained glass. The shafts of the flying buttresses surmounted with 

 statues, the rose-windows over thn side doorways, and the Angel 



T 



