REMJUXCL 



RKNFREWSHIBE. 



J'li 



lfc. hrh is abo vrr, 



Hgfct betUowar riafag 69 few abov. UM roof of 

 ,rV..d. surmount by a ball and by the state. 

 v. are all worthy of attention. The 

 r .tnk ing from the vart extent of the 



; the pav-MOt of U,. choir, 



of varWcoiour.; UMancitbapUnal fonU; 

 to b. *M of UM bsM fa FMM. ; UM pafatfag, of 



rhb DWrto' Fort, OM of MM nnet work* of Poussin ; 

 ri MM Tiir'-r BnJrtl'4 * of Jovfatu, m cHfaM of Reims, who, 

 ,.m M* ntl'ir-' to UM honour of thk consulship, and died in 406. 

 fa 1800 from the niiu. of the ancient 



kif. .. UM 



, of 8i.-Nfaafa> to UM nave of the cathedral 



my UM most ancient fa the town, Is almost as 

 frs* * ao lofty; UM principal front is of 

 , __jountod by two lofty spiral The interior u 

 far UM tomb of 81 Kemy, an elaborate piece of 

 d fa 1808, partly from UM remains of the more 

 I fa 1708. The church of St-Nicaise, demolished 

 doria* MM revolutionary period, was by many considered the finest 

 in UM town ; it wa superior in elegance to the cathedral, 

 Innmh inferior to it fa the richneM of ita ornaments. There are 

 thrw osker churches, a town-ball, and other buildings. The town-hall, 

 (MMsMl fa 1844, preasat* a centre and two wings, adorne 1 with Doric, 

 loair, aad Oorin'iian columns. Over the central building, the archi- 

 i of which i .uperior to that of the wings, rises a tower, having 

 an iueetrin etetu. of Louis XIII., and four pedestrian 

 The public library, which contains 25,000 volumes and 

 1000 maoiucripU. is deposited in the town-hall. 

 BMjiilhntiirii of Reims are extensive : they include woollen- 

 cMba, ksmimaraa. light stuns for summer coats and trowsers, swan- 



.frt~. camleta, merinos, oashnMre shawls, flannels, blankets, carpets, 

 tnsiirr. bolting-cloth, cordage, candles, soft soap, and leather. The 

 woollen manufactures of Reims were fostered by Colbert, who was a 

 native of UM city. The machinery of the woollen factories is driven 

 partly by atom and partly by water power. Wax and wool 

 hUaJiing: dyeing, wool-combing, brewing, and the making of 

 machinery are carried on. The spiced bread and biscuits of the 

 town are fa great repute. The chief trade is in the above-named 

 articUs of manufacture, corn, flour, Champagne wines, brandy, spices, 

 colonial produce, wool, cotton-yarn, flax, hemp, and raw hides. There 

 are four yearly fain. A branch railway 14 miles in length connects 

 Raima with UM Paris-Strasbourg line, which it joins a little east of 

 Epernay. 



Reims is UM seat of an archbishop, whose province comprises the 

 hmsnprim of SOMSOOS, Chalons, Beauvais, and Amiens, besides the 

 arch-eve, which extends over the department of Ardennes and the 

 arrondiatement of Reims in the department of Marne. It has an 

 sis* court, tribunals of first instance and of commerce, a chamber of 

 commerce, aewral government offices, a college, a botanic garden, a 

 Ihaalia. bath*, a savings bank, a loan-office, and other institutions. 

 There an two seminaries for the priesthood, several nunneries, and 

 four hospitals, the principal of which, the Hdtel-Dieu, occupies the 

 Mldfaga formerly belonging to UM Benedictine abbey of St.-Huiy. 



REMBANO. [JAVA.] 



REUIREMENT. [Vosow.] 



BBMO, HAN. [NICE.] 



REMY, ST. (BOICHB-DU-RHOITE.] 



KEN A IX. (FLAXDBU, EAST.] 

 RENDLESHAM. [StrroLK.] 



RKND8BURO, a town of Denmark, in the duchy of Holstein, is 

 1 fa 64* 18' N. lat., 9 40' E. long., partly on a heath, partly 

 island in the Eyder at its junction with the Kiel Canal It 

 i of three parts, the Altetadt, or Old Town, built on the above- 

 oad island, the Neustadt, or New Town, on the Holstein 

 of the river, and the Kron-werk, or Crown-work, on the 

 The town is well and regularly built, and has about 

 , including the garrison. There are two churches, 

 wUl a boo*, of correction, a gymnasium, a military 

 y. a board of trade, and a custom-bonne. It is the residence 

 of a LU>eran auparintendent-genetal The manufactures comprise 

 tary, tobacco, and vinegar; there is a brisk trade in 

 bog i. connected by railway with Alton* and Kiel, 

 i which it to SmiUs and M miles distant respectively. A branch 

 i up to Raodeburg from the Neumunster station on the Kiel- 

 ', and it fa course of continuation to Huaum, Tunning, 

 faBcUeawig. Rendaburg rose up round a castlo erected 

 on UM iatsnd fa the 18th oratory. The fortifications, which inclosed 

 MM AltoMdt, UM Neuttadt, and the Kron werk, war* all constructed 

 boat 1671, when UM .too. with UM inscription ' Eidora Romani 

 tOTBfaatimperii' was placed over the HoUtefa gate. The stone was 

 isaliiii fa 180, but restored subsequently. Rwtdaburg was taken 

 by UM Impsrialirt. fa 1687, by UM Sweda* fa 1648, and by the 

 if i iliiii and fasrget Hoistofaoi fa 1848. <~ 

 I fa 1861. 



iMwmuma.] 



E, a county fa the west of Scotland, in bounded 

 M. by UM Hyde, by which it u aparatrd from Dumbartonshire 

 N.R and R. by Ijuarlobire ; a and 8.W. by Ayrshire ; and W. by the 



The fortifications were 



RENFREW. 

 RENFREW 



Frith of Clyde. A small portion lies on the right bank of the Clyde. 

 The form of the county is an irregular oblong, having its greatest 

 ength from south-east to north-west, 82 miles ; and ito greatest bro.i.lth 

 rom the Kilbiroie Loch to Enkine on the Clyde, 13 miles. It lios 

 between 65 40- and 66' 58' N. lat, 4 14' and 4" 5*' W. long. Its 

 area is 234 square miles, or 150,000 acres. The population of the 

 county in 1841 was 156,072; in 1851 it was 161,091. The county 

 returns one member to the Imperial Parliament. 



Surface, Hydrography, and Communicatiom. The western part of 

 the county, and the southern border which joins Ayrshire, are hilly ; 

 :lio eastern and northern part along the Clyde is flat. The hills on 

 ihe border of Ayrshire are the loftiest. They attain their elevation 

 n a gradually rising range which traverses the county, commencing 

 on its northern and eastern boundary, a little way south of Glasgow, 

 and running south of Paisley to the Loch of Kilbirnie ; the valley of 

 ibis lake and of Lochwinnoch separating this range from the western 

 ind hilly part of the county. The hills on the north border of Ayr- 

 fliiro and in the western part of the county attain an elevation varyiug 

 'rom 1200 to 1400 feet; the Neilatoii Pad, in the centre of the range, 

 s about 900 feet above the sea-level ; the Fereneze and Eaglesham 

 lills, farther east, are generally less elevated. 



The whole county is included in the basin of the Clyde, the aj.stu.iry 

 of which washes a large portion of the border ; but the tributaries 

 which drain it are all small, and, with the exception of the Cart, 

 useless for navigation. [PAISLEY.] A stream which bears, in different 

 ;>arts of ito course, the names of Rotten Burn, Shaws Burn, and Kipp 

 Water, drains the western part, and joins the acstuary of the Clyde at 

 the little village of Innerkip, on the west coast of the county. In one 

 part of its course it expands into two lochs, which are used as reser- 

 voirs for the supply of Greenock with water. The central and eastern 

 parts of the county aro drained by the Oryfe, the Black Cart, and the 

 White Cart, or the Cart, which passing through Paisley, joins the united 

 stream of the Black Cart and the Gryfe just above its fall into the 

 Clyde below Renfrew. 



The only canal iu the county is that between Glasgow and John- 

 stone. [PAISLEY.] The Kilmarnock and Ayr railway enters the 

 county from Glasgow, and runs in a westerly direction by Paisley and 

 Johnstone, and enters Ayrshire near Beith. A short branch connects 

 Paialey with Renfrew. The Glasgow, Paisley, and Greenock railway 

 traverses the county in a north-westerly direction. Turnpike-roads 

 from Glasgow to Greenock run, one near the banks of the Clyde 

 through Renfrew, another more inland through Paisley. Roads from 

 Glasgow by Paisley run through the valley of Kilbirnie to Ayrshire. 

 More direct roads cross the eastern side of the county. 



Geology, Mineralogy, <kc. The eastern part of the county is included 

 in the great coal district of the west of Scotland. The chief coal- 

 works are at Quarrelton, near Johnstone, and at Hurlet and Househill, 

 near Paisley ; the mines here are very productive. In the coal-works 

 at Hurlet a bed of shale over the coal has, by combination with sul- 

 phuric acid, been converted into alum-slate ; and an alum-work on a 

 very extensive scale is carried on. Limestone, sandstone, ironstone, 

 granite, and secondary trap-rocks are found in considerable abund- 

 ance. The hills in the west are mostly porphyry, capped with green- 

 stone, which intersects the porphyry in innumerable dykes. Alluvial 

 and diluvial beds are observed along the banks of the Clyde. Good 

 freestone for building is quarried; limestone is also wrought for 

 burning. The coal and ironstone mines give employment to many 

 persons. 



Climate, Soil, and Agriculture. The hilly parts of the county on 

 the west and south are chiefly devoted to pasture. Scarcely more than 

 half the surface of the county is under cultivation, and this part is 

 on the north and north-east", and in the centre, where the soil is most 

 fertile. The best modes of cultivation are generally adopted. Owing 

 to the demand for meat, vegetables, milk, butter, &a, by the large 

 populations of Greenock, Paialey, and Glasgow, a large part of the 

 cultivated land is meadow-land or garden-ground. Dairy farming is 

 very extensively practised. Farms vary in size from 50 to 300 acres. 

 Th buildings are generally good. 



Div'aiont, Tovna, <tc. There are 16 parishes in the county, reckon- 

 ing Paisley and Greenock each as one ; and portions of three oUtwra, 

 Beith, Dunlop, and Govan, which are partly in Lanarkshire or Ayr- 

 shire. There are six towns Renfrew, GREENOCK, PAISLEY, Port 

 Glasgow, BARRHEAD, and Pollockshaws. 



Rertfreu, a royal burgh, and the county town, though not so large 

 as some of the villages in the county, lies on the left bank of the Clyde, 

 about 6 miles W.N.W. from Glasgow : population of the royal burgh 

 2722 in 1851 ; of the parliamentary burgh, 2977. The Stuart family 

 had their earliest known patrimonial inheritance in this parish. 

 Renfrew became a royal burgh by grant from Robert III. in 1396. 

 The town is governed by a provost, two bailies, and nine councillors ; 

 and unites with Dumbarton, Kilmarnock, Port Glasgow, and Ruther- 

 glen, in returning a member to the Imperial Parliament. A canal 

 about half a mile long affords a communication from the town to the 

 river Clyde. The church is a cruciform structure. There are a Free 

 church, town-house, small jail, and an endowed burgh school. Muslin- 

 weaving employs about 600 persons, half in weaving, the rest (either 

 women or children) in winding or drawing. Many females are employed 

 in clipping, tambouring, nnd flowering. There is a bleach-field. Several 



