S77 



RENFREWSHIRE. 



RENNES. 



278 



collieries are in the parish ; and on the left bank of the Clyde are a 

 hip-building yard, and a work for the manufacture of iron knees for 

 ships, boilers, to. A weekly market is held on Saturday. 



Port Glaiffow, population 69S6 in 1851, a parliamentary burgh and 

 sea-port, is situated on the left bank of the Clyde, about 14 miles 

 W.N.W. from Glasgow, and 4 miles E.S.E. from Greenock. The town 

 is governed by a provost, two bailie*, and six councillors ; and unites 

 with Dumbarton, Kilmamock, Renfrew, and Rutherglen in the return 

 of a member to the Imperial Parliament. The magistrates of Dum- 

 barton refused to make that place a sea-port for the city of Glasgow ; 

 in consequence of which the magistrate* of Glasgow in 1668 bought a 

 piece of ground, and obtained a grant from the crown constituting 

 Port Glasgow, the then intended harbour, a free port. Port Glasgow 

 increased in importance for some years, until the rise of Greenock and 

 the improvements on the river Clyde destroyed its prosperity. The 

 town is well built and clean, is lighted with gas, and possesses a hand- 

 some parish church, a Free church, a chapel of ease, and a chapel for 

 United Presbyterians. The harbour is almost entirely devoted to 

 veesek trading between the Clyde and North America. The vessels 

 belonging to the port on December 31st 1853 were 54 sailing-vessel* 

 of 6269 tons, and 13 steam-vessels of 2195 tons aggregate burden. 

 During 1853 there entered the port 127 vessels of 44,281 tons, and 

 cleared 48 vessels of 33,384 tons aggregate burden. There are a large 

 canvass and rope manufactory, several large sugar-refineries, and an 

 iron ship-building establishment The town possesses two reading- 

 rooms, a town library, two parochial schools, and sn endowed school 

 Adjoining the town is Newark Castle, built in the 17th century, now 

 half ruinous. 



PoUodakavu, population 60S6, on the White Cart Water, 3 miles 

 S.W. from Glasgow, was erected in 1814 into a burgh of barony ; it is 

 governed by a provost, a bailie, and six councillors. There is a station 

 of the Glasgow and Ban-head railway at Pollockshaws. The town, 

 which consists of one long winding street, with some small branch 

 streets, has been somewhat improved, and new houses have been built 

 of late years. It has an old town-house with a tower and clock. 

 There are the parish church, a chapel of ease, two Free churches, 

 chapels for United Presbyterians, Original Seeedera, and Roman 

 Catholics, with several schools and benefit societies. The town depends 

 on the cotton manufacture ; spinning, weaving, Meadiing, and printing 

 are actively carried on. Coal and stone are procured in various parts 

 of the parish. 



The following place* we notice here, with the population of each 

 in 1851 : 



Biuby, a thriving village on the White Cart Water, u partly in 

 LANARKSHIRE, under which county it ha* been noticed. Bogtttkam, 

 population of the parish 2524, a burgh of regality, 9 mile* S. from 

 Glangow, is a neat village, lighted with gas, and consisting of two rows 

 of housM 200 yards apart ; the intermediate space, through which a 

 rivulet flows, Is partly planted with trees, and partly occupied by a 

 Urge cotton-mill and a public green. Many of the inhabitant* are 

 employed in the cotton-mill, and there are a number of bandloom 

 weavers. Beside* the parish church then are a United Presbyterian 

 and a Reformed Presbyterian church. Ktdentit is a small village, 

 between Paisley and Johnstone, inhabited chiefly by handloom weaver*. 

 It is interesting chiefly from it* having bean for centuries in the Wal- 

 lace family. In it is a tree known a* ' Wallace's Oak,' from a tradition 

 that Sir William Wallace was concealed in it for some time. (Amroor, 

 a small burgh of barony on the Frith of Clyde, 3 mile* below Oreenock, 

 population of Innerfcip parish 3018. It* inhabitants are chiefly fisher- 

 men. The town is much resorted to a* a bathing-place. It has a 

 chapel of rase and a United Presbyterian church. Johutmu, 3 mile* W. 

 from Paisley, population 5872, owe* it* existence to the cotton manu- 

 facture. It contain* a chapel of race, a Free church, and two chapels 

 for United Presbyterian* ; a library, a news-room, and a mechanics 

 institute. Several cotton-mills, brass-fount Irirs, iron-foundries, machiue- 

 manufactoriea, and a gas-work are in the town and its vicinity. KU- 

 frarcAait, population 2467, about 2 miles W. from Johnstone, is inhabited 

 chiefly by weavers. It contains the parish church and a chapel for 

 United Presbyterians. There are two other thriving villages in Kil- 

 barchan parish, called the Bridge of Weir and Linvood. lanyndt, a 

 small village about 3 miles 8. from Glasgow, is chiefly remarkable as 

 having been the scene of the battle of Langside, from which Queen Mary 

 after her defeat fled to England. Lockwiwnoek, population 2271, 

 OB the western bank of Castle Heinple Loch, is a large village. Cotton- 

 spinning i* the chief branch of industry, but muslin-weaving and the 

 manufacture of Angola shawls and other fabric* are earned on. There 

 are a Urge parish church, a Free church, and a chapel for United 

 Presbyterians ; parochial and other ohooU; and a library. Mtarn*, 

 population of the parish 3704, a small village, 7 miles S. by W. from 

 Glasgow, on the old Kilmarnock road, contain* the small pat-inn church 

 and a well-attended parish school. About a mile N.W. from Mem* 

 Kirk is the larger village of \evlovn Meant, on the new Glasgow and 

 Kilmarnock road ; it is a burgh of barony, and had a population of 

 800 in 1851. It consists of one winding street, with a new and neat 

 United Presbyterian church. In the neighbourhood are a print-field 

 and bleach-field. Newtown Mearns has the right to hold a weekly 

 market and two annual fairs, but the market has long been discon- 

 tinued. NtilMm, population 2075, a village 9 mile* S.W. from Glasgow, 



possesses several cotton-mills, print-fields, and bleach-fields ; freestone 

 j and whinstone are quarried, and coal is wrought in the parish. The 

 ! church of Neilston contains some remains of ancient gothic architec- 

 ture. Thornliebank, a village 4 miles S.S.W. from Glasgow, extends 

 along the highway in detached lines of houses, some of which are new 

 and well built. It is lighted with gas, and has a United Presbyterian 

 place of worship, a large school, an extensive cotton-mill, a bleach-field 

 and print-field, and a small iron-foundry. 



History, A iniquities, <kc. The civil history of the county is that of 

 Paisley and Renfrew, the only two places of any importance in the 

 early period of national history. The rise of Paisley as a manufac- 

 turing town, and of Greenock as a sea-port, comprises the modern 

 history of the shire. The church of Renfrew contains some curious 

 monuments, and about eight miles west by north from Renfrew is 

 Barochan Cross, a stone monument of mediaeval times. There are a 

 few ruinous towers of the feudal period, as Barr and Elliston castles, 

 near Lochwinnoch ; and Polnoon, near Eaglesham. 



Siatutic* ; Religious Worship and Education. According to the 

 Returns of the Census of 1851 there were then 133 places of worship 

 in the county, of which 36 belonged to the Established Church, 30 to 

 the Free Church, 21 to the United Presbyterian Church, 7 to Inde- 

 pendent*, 7 to Baptists, 7 to Roman Catholics, 6 to Methodists, and 4 

 to Mormons. The total number of sittings for 128 places of worship 

 was 82,514. Of Sabbath schools there were 216, of which 62 were 

 connected with the Free Church, 62 with the Established Church, 43 

 with the United Presbyterian Church, and 10 with the Roman Catholic 

 Church. The total number of scholars was 20,830. Of day schools 

 there were 208, of which 105 were public with 10,355 scholars, and 

 103 were private with 5948 scholars. There were 37 evening schools 

 for adults with 1330 scholars. There were 25 literary and scientific 

 institutes in the county, with 3788 members, and 39,433 volumes in 

 the libraries belonging to them. In 1853 the county possessed one 

 savings bank at Paisley. The amount owing to depositors on November 

 20th 1853 was 59,602*. 10*. id. 



RENNES. a city in France, capital of the department of llle-t-t- 

 ViUine, rtand* in 48* 6' 55' N. lat, 1 40' 17" W. long., 190 miles in 

 a straight line W. by a from Parix, on the Hie et- Ranee Canal, at the 

 confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine, 176 feet above the level of the 

 sea, and had 33,066 inhabitant* in the commune at the census of 

 1861. The town occupies the site of the ancient Condatt, the chief 

 city of the Celtic Redone*, whose name it subsequently took, and 

 still bears with slight alteration. 



Rennes has an agreeable appearance, especially the part rebuilt 

 since the fire of 1 720, which destroyed the quarter on the ri<ht bank 

 of the Vilaine. This part is distinguished by wide, regular, and 

 straight streets, handsome squares, and good buildings. The towu U 

 surrounded by an ancient wall and towers. The upper or new town, 

 and the lower town, which stand* on the left bank of the Vilaine, 

 are united by three bridge*. The lower town has narrow and crooked 

 streets, with houses mostly built of wood, curiously carved and highly 

 picturesque. The suburbs, which are Urge, resemble the lower town 

 in character. Reunos i* noted for its fine public walks, the principal 

 of which are Le-Thabor, formed out of the gardens of the old 

 Benedictine Abbey ; the Mail, which is formed by a long jetty that 

 runs between two canals to the junction of the Ille and the Vilaine, 

 and the Champa-de-Mars, a space of 125 acres, inclosed by raised and 

 shady walk*. 



The most remarkable of the public buildings are the cathedral, a 

 large heavy gothic structure ; the church of St.-Pierre, of which the 

 two towers of the principal front form a conspicuous object in a 

 distant view of the town ; and the churches of Toussaint, and St.- 

 Sauveur. The town-house is an elegant modern structure in which 

 are the mayor's offices, a public assembly-room, the public library, 

 lecture-rooms, and schools of design and architecture. Among the 

 other public structures are the court-house, which is appropriated to 

 the administration of justice and to the study of the Uw, and is 

 decorated with paintings; the episcopal palace; the abbey of St- 

 Georges, now occupied as a barrack ; the Kergus barracks, and the 

 I | i, ,!. 



The manufactures comprehend linen, linen and cotton yarn, sail- 

 cloth, flannels, hosiery, Uce, cordage, nets, hats, gloves, starch, glue, 

 earthenware, porcelain, candles, and liqueurs. There are tan-yards 

 and wax41eaching-works. A pretty considerable trade is carried on 

 in these articles, and in the honey, wax, poultry, and butter of the 

 surrounding district. The Vilaine is navigated by barges up to the 

 town. flLLB-ir-ViLAiXE.] The Ille-et-Rance Canal communicates with 

 St-Malb. A railway in course of construction from Paris to Brest, 

 and already completed as far as Le-Mans, passes through Rennes, from 

 which city there will be branches to SL-Malo and Redon. 



Rennes gives title to a bishop. It is the seat of a High Court, 

 which has jurisdiction over the departments of Ille-et-Vilaine, Cfltes- 

 du-Nord, Finlstore, Morbihan, and Loire-Infeneure ; and of a 

 University-Academy whose limits extend over the departments just 

 named, and those of Maine-et-Loire and Mayenne. Rennes is the 

 head-quarters of the 16th Military Division. The other institutions 

 of the town comprise tribunals of first Instance and of commerce, a 

 college, a school of Uw, a secondary school of medicine, an eccle- 

 siastical college, a museum, four hospital*, a botanic garden, public 



