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 KKTKi >KIi, KAST. (KJUT Krrroux) 



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UTS. BOOTtaXB0FaBd8T.-PERK.EN. [LOIBE -IicriioBE.] 



RKUILLY. [(TOM.] 



KfiUNloX. [Hui-Moi.] 



[I'ATALOJU.1 



IIKC88 u pnnapal.ty In the inUrior of Germany, consisting of 

 oWat Vuigtland. which was governed by the ancestor. 



' 



|rt of UMe-oWa . 



e/UM pctaoee aad oomuof -. It i. situated between 50 20' 

 Md 41' K. lal.aBd between 11* 40' and 12' 20' K. long. It u dmded 

 by IU Ad* of Xeostadt, whieh belong. to Saxe- Weimar, into two 

 ottme. at which UM southern U much the large* ; the lordship* of 

 Urau. Boif. Brhtrfa. and Lobeaitrin. with the bailiwick of Saalburg, 

 lora UM southern portion, bounded N. and E. by Saxony and Saxe- 

 WeieMr. a bv Bavaria, and W. by Saxe-Coburg and Schwarzbu -g 

 lUdolstadt The principality of Oera, which ia the northern part, ia 

 tun 111 N. by Prussia, 8. by Saxony, and K. and W. by the different 

 pens of Altenburg. The area and the population in 1853 may be thus 

 elated Items Orelti. area ISO square miles, population 35,159; 

 * BiJilriti. area 460 aqoare mile*, population 79,824 ; total area 

 MO equan mil ; population 1 1 4,983. 



The country U mountainoun. being traversed by the Erzgebirge oud 

 UM Thunnrrrwald, her* called the Krankeuwald, in which the 

 ttUberf it MOO bet. and the Culm 22CO feet in height There 

 extensive well-cultivated valleys, of which the two great 



valleys wmtered by UM Saale and the EUu-r are the most fruitful 

 Then an fine forests of pine and other timber, and rich pastures. 

 The natural productions are corn, garden vegetables, fruit, hops, flax, 

 and timber ; horned-tattle, sheep, game, and fish. The minerals are 

 iron, copper, wad, alum, gypsum, vitriol, and salt. The inhabitant* 

 an industrious, and hare manufactures of woollen, calico, stockings, 

 hau, earthenware, china, tobacco, alum, and vitriol, besides breweries 

 and iron-work*. Cattle and timber are exported. 



The capital, Oera, ia noticed iu a separate article. [GEiiA.] l>cr>- 

 Jttf, which lie* N. from Lobenslein, has a population of about 1200. 

 (mitt, situated on the river Elster, is the residence of the sovereign 

 priuea, and contains about 7000 inhabitants. Besides the palace there 

 are bee* a park, a gymnasium, a seminary for the education of school- 

 marten, and another for the clergy. Woollen cloth, calico, and paper 

 an nmifsn4iiril LJxiutd*, on the LemuiU, a feeder of the Saale, 

 contains about 3000 inhabitants, and has a palace and a public library. 

 In UM vicinity an extensive iron-works. Schleilz, on the left bank of 

 UM Wieeenthal, a feeder of the Saale, has a population of about 5000. 

 The town is neat, and contains a palace and a gymnasium. Broad- 

 doth, cotton, and leather are manufactured, and there are breweries 

 in the town. ZeuUxrvda, W. from Greitz, has a handsome church, 

 manufactures of hosiery, woollen cloths, and beer. The population its 

 about 4600. 



The family of the prince* and counts of Keuss may be traced back 

 sovereign princes to the llth century. This family now consists 

 of two principal lines, the elder and the younger, and some collateral 

 IWM. The elder line, that of Reuas-Qreitz, possesses the lordships 

 of Units and Burg, and part of tho district of Reichenfels. The 

 uuemeione of the younger line, that of Reuss Schleitz, are considerably 

 man ezUnsii-e tl.au those of the elder, but this line being subdivided, 

 UM revenue and territory an also divided, though only the prince ol 

 BemeBinleHi is considered as sovereign. All the subjects of both 

 UM* an Lutherans, except a for Moravians and Jews. The govern- 

 ment U monarchical, with wtatee on the ancient German model In 

 ISIS both line* joined the German Confederation ; Keuss, conjointly 

 with five other small states, has on* voU (the 16th) in the diet of the 

 Confederation ; in the full council each line has one vote. he elder 

 furnubes a contingent of 229 men, UM younger of 522 men, to tho 

 army of the Coo fed. ration. 



RKUTLIXUEN, UM chief town of the circle of SchworzwaM, iu 

 Wurtembenb is situated in 48* 2V N. lat, 9' 12' E. long., 20 miles 

 a from StuUfardt, at UM foot of Mount Achalui, on the river Echatz, 

 ia a beautiful and fertile country. The population is about 11,000. 

 The town is surrounded with moats, lofty walls, and towers, and has 

 faur principal gat. s. \VithoutthowalUthenanthreeamallsuburbs. 

 The MarUnkirche, or St Mary's church, built in the UoV>ic style 

 eaUnry of freestone, was founded in 1278, and finished in 1343. fh 

 etetple, whieh U von handsome, i* S26 feet l.igh. The town-house 

 is a considerable edifice, and then is a Urge building called the 

 Chancery, formerly a Franciscan convent, but now converted into 



BsnUingen pnsiMsri nnmidtrable manufactures of woollen cloths, 



leather, hats, cutlery, to. In the neighbouring country are 

 railed some fruit and corn, in which, as well as in their own mauu- 

 ACtures, the inhabitants carry on a considerable trade. 



REVEL, the capital of the Russian government of Esthonia, is 

 situated in 59* 28' 22" N. lat, 24 39' 38" E. long., on the Gulf of 

 ('inland. It U very strongly fortified, and in 1824 the harbour, which 

 is one of the best in the Gulf of Finland, was made capable of receiving 

 the Russian Baltic fleet It has narrow irregular streets, and dark 

 old-fashioned houses'. The beat part of tho city is the part called the 

 Dom, which is iu fact a distinct portion, being surrounded with walls 

 and towers in the old style, and further defended by a strong castle. 

 It is on an eminence called the Domberg, on the west side of the city, 

 commanding an extensive view of the sea. Most of the houses of the 

 nobility are in this part There are likewise two extensive suburbs. 

 The principal public buildings are the cathedral, which has a very 

 lofty and handsome steeple, the arsenal, the town-house, the admiralty. 

 a gymnasium founded by Gustavus Adolphus in 1631, and the naval 

 and military hospital. The manufactures are cotton goods, hate, 

 stockings, leather, powder, starch, pins, needles, earthenware, looking- 

 glasses, &. There is also a cannon and bell foundry. 



The trade of Revel formerly of considerable importance has, it is 

 said, greatly declined of late years. Since the outbreak of war between 

 Russia and tho western European powers its foreign trade has been 

 annihilated. The exports usually shipped at Revel are corn, hemp, 

 flax, timber, spirits, tallow, &c. ; the imports are composed of colonial 

 produce, fruit", wine, salt, tobacco, manufactured goods, cheese, 

 herrings, 4c. The town was founded about 1218 by Valdernar II. of 

 Denmark. It soou became an important member of the Hauseatic 

 League, and had an extensive commerce with Novgorod. The Swedes 

 took Revel in 1501, when its trade began to languish. In 1710 it 

 came into the hands of Peter the Great, who confirmed most of its 

 commercial and municipal privileges. Tho population of Revel ia 

 about 20,000. 



REVEL. [GARONNE, HAUTE.] 



RH^E'TIA appears properly to have comprehended the whole 

 country between the north of Italy and the Danube, and consequently 

 to have included Viudelicia. In the time of Augustus hov 

 two countries formed two separate provinces (Veil. Pater., ii. 39 ; 

 Aurel Viet., 'Epit.,' c. L; comp. Suet, 'Aug.,' 21), of which Rluetia 

 was bounded \V. by the Helvetii, E. by Noricum, S. by Gallia Cisalpina, 

 and N. by Vindelicia, from which it was separated by the Brigautinus 

 Lacus (Bodeu See, or Lake of Constauz) and the river UCmw (Inni. 

 It included the greater part of the Tyrol and the eastern cantons of 

 Switzerland. 



The Rhsetia are said to have been a Tuscan people, who were expelled 

 from Italy by the Gauls, and who settled in the country afterwards 

 called Rhictia, under a leader named Rhietus. (Plin., iii. 24; Justin, 

 xx. 5 ; Liv., v. 33.) They were a brave and enterprising race, and for 

 a long time committed constant robberies iu Gaul and the north of 

 Italy. Augustus at length sent Drusus against them (B.C. 15), who 

 subdued the southern part of the country, and delivered Italy from 

 their depredations ; but as they still continued to trouble the province 

 of Gaul, Tiberius also was sent against them, who attacked them near 

 the Boden See, and reduced the whole country. 



The great chain of the Alpa passes almost through the centre of this 

 province, and was called the Alpes Ulucticio. [ALPS, Jlha.tiuii.} 



The Rhaeti were divided, according to Pliny (iu. 24), into many 

 states or tribes. The only town of any importance in Rluctia was 

 Trideu tuui (Trent) on the A thesis (Adige), the capital of the TrideutiuL 

 RHAQ^K [PERSIA.] 



RHAYADER, or RHAYADERGWY, Radnorshire, a market-town, 

 parliamentary borough, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the 

 parish of Rhayader, is picturesquely bituated on the banks of the 

 river Wye, in 52 19' N. lat, 3 31' W. long., distant 27 miles W. by 

 N. from Presteigne, and 181 miles W.N.W. from London. The popu- 

 lation of the borough of Rhayader in 1851 was 1007. The borough is 

 contributory to the Radnor boroughs in returning one member to the 

 Imperial Parliament The living is a perpetual curacy in the archdea- 

 conry of Brecon and diocese of St David's. Rhayader Poor-Law 

 Union contains 10 parishes, with an area of 105,532 acres, and a 

 population in 1851 of 67%. 



llhayader derived anciently its chief importance from its castle, 

 erected about 1178, of which the only vestige remaining is the fosse, 

 which was excavated out of the solid rock. A bridge of one arch 

 crosses the Wye at this place. A plain town-hall stands in the centre 

 of the town. The parish church, a spacious edifice, was rebuilt in 

 1733. The Wesleyan and Calviuutic Methodists, Independents, and 

 Baptists have places of worship, and there are National and Free 

 schools. The flannel manufacture is carried on. The market-day is 

 Wednesday ; five fuirs are held in the year. A county court is held. 



RHK'QIUM, now Reggio, one of the oldest Greek towns in Italy, is 

 situated on the Fretum Siculum, or Strait of Messina, and about 8 

 miles S.E. from the town of Messina. It received a colony of the 

 Chalcidians, who were joined by a party of Messenian emigrants who 

 left their country during the tirst quarrel between Messene and 

 Sparta. Both the town aud the name probably existed previous to 

 tho establishment of tho Chalcidiau colony, as Diodorus and other 

 ancient writers place its foundation in the Heroic times. After the 



