RHIN, HAUT. 



RHIlf, HAUT. 



286 



madder-mills (a great quantity of madder is grown round the town)> 

 tan-yards, and breweries. There are four yearly fairs for cattle and 

 general merchandise. The town has fire churches and a synagogue ; 

 a college, and a military hospital : population 10,500. 



2. In the second arrondissement the chief town is Saverne, which 

 was a post of some importance in the time of the Romans, who called 

 it Tabernae. The town stands on the Zorn, at the eastern foot of a 

 steep and high mountain, 27 miles N.W. from Strasbourg, and has 

 5733 inhabitants. The chief building is the former palace of the 

 bishops of Strasbourg, who used to spend their summers here. The 

 townsmen manufacture hardwares, hosiery, and leather; and there 

 are some breweries. Savtrue has a subordinate court of justice, a 

 college, and an hospital. Bounciller, is a busy little place, with 3600 

 inhabitants, who are engaged in manufacturing fustians, linens, hats, 

 chemical products, Ac. ; there are also drying-houses for madder ; 

 bleach-grounds, and breweries. Soar-Union, N.W. of Saverne, is j 

 divided by the Sarre into two parts : Bourquenom, on the right bank, ' 

 and Sarrewerden, on the left. The population amounts to 4300, who 

 manufacture woollen-cloth, cotton goods, linen, hosiery, beer, tiles, 

 and bricks. 



3. In the third arrondissement, the chief town, Schflettadt, is 

 situated 28 miles S. by railway from Strasbourg, on the left bank of 

 the 111, and has 8867 inhabitants in the commune. It is regularly 

 fortified, and entered by three gates, of which the one leading to ! 

 Strasbourg opens upon a fine avenue of poplar*. The town has 

 several good churches and public buildings. Its chief industrial 

 products are pottery, tobacco, vinegar, starch, beer, leather, flour, &c. 

 liarr, 9 miles N. from Schdlestadt, is a well-built town of about ' 

 4500 inhabitants, situated among vineyards at the foot of the Kirch- 

 berg. There are cotton factories, and oil- and tan-mills driven by 

 water-power. Btnfcld. a station on the railway to Basle, 10 miles N. 

 from Sche'leatadt, is situated on the 111, and has about 2700 inhabit- 

 ants. Tobacco is extensively manufactured about this town. At 

 Erat'in, a town of 3500 inhabitants, 14 miles by railway N. from 

 Schelestadt, cotton hosiery, snuff, cordage, tiles, leather, and pottery 

 are manufactured ; and there are ilye-liouses and bleach-grounds 

 for linen. MorcJcoUktim, S.E. of Schelestadt, near the left bank of 

 the Khine, has manufactures of linen, breweries, potteries, tile- and 

 brick-yards, and above 2300 inhabitants. Trade is carried on in hemp 

 and tobacco. At Oter-A'ai, or Obtr-Eknkeim, a small ill-built walled- 

 town of about 5000 inhabitants, there are copper-works, cotton 

 factories, and distilleries. At Rniheim, situated on the Magel in a 

 Taller among the Vosges Mountains, woollen and cotton stuns are 

 manufactured : population, 3500. 



4. In the fourth arrondissement the chief town, Wtiutmbtmrg, or 

 Wutembwtrg, is a fortress of considerable strength, and is connected 

 with the ' lines ' of Weissembourg, works constructed along the bank 

 of the Lauter to cover this part of France. It has 5110 inhabitants 

 in the commune, and is the scat of a college and a tribunal of first 

 instance. The chief industrial products are hosiery, straw bats, 

 earthenware, pottery, soap, beer, bricks, and leather. Lauterboury, 

 12 miles E. from Weissembourg, and the most eastern town in France, 

 is also fortified. It stands on the Lauter near its mouth in the 

 Khine, and has about 2500 inhabitants, two churches, two hospitals, 

 ropewalks, breweries, and potash factories. At SoHltx-tmu-Forttt, 

 between Weissembourg and Hagiienau, there are iron- and coal-mines, 

 beds of asphalte, and salt-springs : population about 2000. XuiUr- 

 bruiin, a small town of about 3000 inhabitants, 16 miles S.W. from 

 Weissembourg, are iron-works, lanyards, breweries, and paper-mills ; 

 also some mineral spring*, the waters of which are drunk and also 

 usd for baths. 



The department together with that of Haut-Khin forms the see of 

 the Bishop of Strasbourg. Protestants of the Lutheran and Calvinist 

 nets form a large ratio of the population. The Calvinists have con- 

 sistorial churches at Strasbourg and Bishwiller, and 12 meeting-houses 

 in other towns of the department. The Lutherans have 21 local 

 consistories. The Jews bar* a consistorial synagogue at Strasbourg, 

 presided over by a grand Rabbi ; and 1 8 communal rabbis. The Catholics 

 nave 42 parish churches and 274 chapels of case in the department, 

 a diocesan seminary and theological school at Strasbourg, where also 

 is a great Protestant seminary, and a Lutheran industrial school and 

 gymnasium. The University-Academy of Strasbourg embraces within 

 its limits the departments of Bas-Khin and Haut-Khin. The depart- 

 ment of Bas-Rhin is included in the jurisdiction of the High Court 

 of Colmar, and belongs to the 6th Military Division, of which Stras- 

 bourg is bead-quarters. It returns four members to the Legislative 

 Chamber of the French empire. 



HHIN, HAUT, a department in the east of France, bounded N. by 

 Bas-Rhin, E. by the Rhine and the grand duchy of Baden, S. by 

 Switzerland and the department of Doubs ; and W. by the depart- 

 ments of Hantc-Sa6ne and Vosges. Its greatest length is 64 miles ; 

 its breadth is about 36 miles. The ana of the department U 1585-8 

 square miles. The population in 1841 was 464,775; in 1851 it 

 amounted to 464,147, which gives 311-607 inhabitants to a square 

 mils, or 137-023 above the average per square mile for the whole of 

 Francs. 



This department, like that of Bas-Rhin, is included between the 

 crests of the Vosges on the west and the bank of th- Rhine on the 



east; its western side is consequently mountainous, while in the east 

 it subsides into the valley of the Rhine. Some of the mountains, 

 called from their rounded forms ' ballons,' are lofty. Le Ballon- d' Al- 

 sace, at the junction of the three departments of Haut-Rhin, Haute* 

 Saone, and Vosges, has an elevation of 4121 feet; and Le Ballon de 

 Guebwiller, or Soultz, the highest point of the Vosges Mountains, 

 about six or seven miles west of the town of Guebwiller, has im eleva- 

 tion of 4701 feet. The southern portions of the department are 

 covered by the ramifications of the Jura. The highest summits of 

 the Vosges are composed of granitic or other primitive rocks ; iu the 

 neighbourhood of Giromagny, south of the primitive district, are the 

 sandstones, limestones, and other formations of the carboniferous 

 system. On the lower slopes of the Vosges are the variegated marls, 

 limestones, and sandstone ; and resting upon these, the oolitic forma- 

 tions, which also compose the mass of the Jura. The eastern side of 

 the department, from the foot of the Vosges to the Rhiue, is occupied 

 by the tertiary formations. Among the mineral products are copper 

 and lead ; iron-mines are numerous; mines of antimony and coal, an I 

 bed* of asphalte are worked. Granite, porphyry, marble, rock crystal, 

 good freestone, potters' clay, and gypsum are procured; and there are 

 several mineral springs, of which those of Soultzmatt, about ten miles 

 south-south-west of Colmar, are the most important. 



The department belongs chiefly to the basin of the Rhine, whicli 

 river has a considerable breadth, an average depth of ten to twelve 

 feet, and is studded with numerous islands. The various streams 

 which flow from the Vosges are received by the 111. f RHIN, BAS.] The 

 navigation of the 111 commences at the junction of the Lauch, close to 

 Colmar ; but it is used for floating timber above that point. The. 

 Lauch and the Fecht, which join the 111, are also used for floating 

 timber. The Largue, which rues in the Jura, has been made a feeder 

 of the canal from the Rhone to the Rhiue. The south-west of the 

 department belongs to the basin of the Rhone, and is drained by the 

 Halle, the SL-Xicholas, and the Savoureuse, which fall into the Doubs. 

 None of these rivers is navigable. 



The canal from the Rhone to the Rhine enters the department near 

 the junction of the little rivers Hallo and St.-Nicholas, and runs north- 

 east along the valley of the St.-Nichlas to the summit level near 

 Dannsmarie ; thence it runs partly along the valley of the 111 to the 

 basin near Hulhausen, whence a branch proceeds to join the Rhine 

 at Huniugue near Basel, while the main branch runs north war.) between 

 the 111 and the Rhine into the department of Bas-Rhin. The inland 

 navigation of the department, including the Rhine, the 111, and the 

 canal, extends to 131 miles. 



The department is crossed by 7 imperial and 15 departmental roadn, 

 and by the Strasbourg-Basel railway through Colmar and Mulhausen ; 

 from Mulhausen a branch line, 13 miles in length, runs north-west to 

 the manufacturing town of Thann. 



The soil of the department is stony and barren along the bank of 

 the Rhine and in the Vosges ; the central part is fertile ; and among 

 the mountains also there are come valleys of great fertility. The 

 district formerly called the Suntgau, of which Belfort was the capital, 

 is also considerably fertile. There is much forest-land between the 

 111 and the Rhine. The climate resembles that of Bas-Khin, but is 

 rather colder, and the winters are a little longer. 



Cultivation is carried on with great care. Wheat, barley, oats, and 

 other crops mentioned in the preceding article, are grown in this 

 department in quantity sufficient for tha demand, though this was 

 formerly not tha case. The meadows, which are very rich, amount, 

 to 130,000 acres, and the heaths and open pastures to above 70,000 

 acres. The number of hones and horned cattle is very considerable ; 

 the number of sheep is comparatively small. The vineyards cover 

 about 28,000 acres ; the growth of wine is about 12,760,000 gallons 

 annually. The orchards, which cover nearly 15,000 acres, are very 

 productive, especially in cherries, from which excellent kirschwasser 

 is mails. Pulse, hemp, flax, tobacco, and madder are grown. The 

 woodlands comprehend 336,000 acres. The abundant supply of 

 wood furnishes fuel for the various manufactures of the depart- 

 ment. It is floated down the streams which flow into the 111 or the 

 Doubs. 



The department of Haut-Rhin is one of the principal seats of the 

 cotton manufactures in France. All kinds of calicoes and printed 

 goods, cotton-yam, shawls, hosiery, &c., are manufactured. Other 

 important industrial products are fine woollens, linens, woollen-yarn, 

 thread, canvass, ironmongery, clock and watch movements, room-paper, 

 soap, leather, pottery, hats, chemical products, refined sugar, spiritu, 

 glass, bar-iron, &c. 



The department is divided into three arrondisscments, which, with 

 their subdivisions and population, are as follows : 



1. Of the first arrondissement, and of the whole department the 



