RHODEZ. 



RH6NE. 



293 



island which flourished long before the foundation of Rhodes. Pre- 

 vious to this event which took place in B.C. 408, Lindas, like the other 

 cities, was a small independent state ; a great part of its population 

 was removed to the new city, and the town lost its political but not 

 its religious importance. It continued famous for its two ancient 

 sanctuaries, one of Athena, said to have been built by Danaus or his 

 daughters on their flight from Egypt ; the other of Hercules, the 

 worship in which was conducted in vituperative language. Lindas 

 contained several of the paintings of Parrhasiua. It was the birth- 

 place of Cleobulus, one of the seven sages of Greece, whose song of 

 the swallow (which the Lindian boys used to sing in spring), has 

 been preserved by Athenaeus. The site is still marked by a town 

 called Lindoa, a neat little place on the east side of the island. The 

 remains at Lindos include many beautiful decorated tombs, a theatre 

 at the foot of the acropolis, and ruins of two Greek temples, one of 

 which U supposed to have been the sanctuary of Athena, above 

 mentioned. Hamilton however (' Asia Minor,' voL ii. p. 55), says that 

 the building taken for a temple of Minerva was a tomb with a Doric 

 facade excavated in the rock. The harbour of Lindos is frequented 

 by small craft ; the vicinity of the town produce* wine and tigs, but 

 little else. 



Caminu was also a coast town, and situated on white cliff*, which 

 consist of white icaglioU limestone. Hamilton thinks that the site 

 is marked by ancient Hellenic and Cyclopean walls at a place still 

 called Camiro, between Rhodes and Lindos. There are some more 

 modern ruins on the spot erected by the knights of Rhodes, probably 

 from the materials of ancient structures. No other ancient remains 

 of Camirus have been discovered. 



falytna was situated lea* than a mile S. W. of the city of Rhodes. 

 It was a mere village in the time of Strabo ; the city having decayed 

 in consequence of the rise of Rhode*. The site is now marked by 

 the village of ladlto, about which a few ancient remains exist 



Of the town of Rhodes on the east side and at the northern 

 extremity of the island, there are no remains earlier than the time of 

 the knight*, but all their works are interesting specimens of the 

 military architecture of the middle age*. On entering Rhodes from 

 the sea, two harbours, separated by a narrow quay, present them- 

 selves ; the larger, to the north, is called Mandraici, and the smaller is 

 named the Port; the narrow quay which separates them form* a 

 curve, having on it* extremity next the lea a round tower, and farther 

 inland a square one of great strength and crowned with turret* of 

 observation at the four corner*. Attached to it is a curtain, which 

 connect* it with the fortification of the town within. From the other 

 tide of the smaller port a narrow quay jut* out, on which i* another 

 round tower. The Turk* have suffered the entrance to Mandraici to 

 be so much obstructed as to impede the navigation. The buildings 

 of the town exhibit a curious mixture of the European and Saracenic 

 styles. 



RHODEZ, properly RODEZ, a city of France, capital of the depart- 

 ment of Aveyron, 312 mile* S. from Paris, is situated in 44* 21' 5' 

 N. lat, 2* 34' 48' E. long., at an elevation of 3073 feet above the level 

 of the sea, and had 8267 inhabitant* in the commune at the census 

 of 1851. The town stands on a considerable eminence on the northern 

 bank of the Aveyron, and nearly 500 feet above the bed of the river. 

 It i* lurrounded by ancient wall*, which have been converted into a 

 terraced walk or garden. The street*, from the rapid slope of the 

 bill on which the town i* built, are steep; they are also narrow, and 

 lined with ill-built wooden house* with projecting upper stories, which 

 are however being gradually displaced by others of better architecture. 

 There are four ' place*,' or squares, two of them of tolerably regular 

 form. The cathedral U built in the gothic style, and date* from the 

 earlier part of the 15th century. The size of the nave, the boldness 

 of the vaulted roof, the beauty of the stained-glas* windows, and the 

 height of the bell-tower (to which some writers assign an elevation of 

 above 265 English feet) render it a striking edifice. The office of 

 the prefect is a modern building; the other chief public buildings 

 are the Jesuits' college and the seminary for the priesthood. The 

 inhabitant* manufacture woollen-yarn, woollen-frieze, serges, and other 

 woollen stuffs, hat*, wax and other candle*, and play ing-can K There 

 are tan-yard* and dye-house*. The trade of the place is in manu- 

 factured articles, in the wool grown in the neighbourhood, and in 

 cheese. Then are four yearly fair*. Silk-worms are reu ed, and mules 

 for the Spanish market are bred round the town. Rodez gives title 

 to a bishop, whose diocese comprehends the department It has several 

 government offices, an exchange, a chamber of manufactures, an 

 agricultural society, an hospital, cabinets of natural history and ol 

 natural philosophy, a public library of 15,000 volume*, a deaf and 

 dumb school, a theatre, and public bath*. Rodez occupies the site ol 

 the ancient Segodunum, chief town of the Ruteni, a Celtic tribe, 

 whose name was afterwards given to it 



RHONE, one of the principal river* of France, takes it* rise in 

 Switzerland, in a glacier near the Furka Pass, not far from the 

 St-Gothud and the source of the Rhine. It runs with a rapid course 

 in a south-went direction through the canton of Valais, in which it 

 receives many small tributaries. After its junction with one of these, 

 named the Dranse, at Martigny, it turn* sharply to the north-west, 

 and throws it* turbid waters into the Lake of Geneva. Emerging 

 from the south-western extremity of the lake U a clear blue stream, 



hich however ia soon defiled by the muddy current of the Arve, it 

 lows south-west through a savage rocky gorge of the Jura, marking 

 out the boundary between France and Savoy. la the contracted 

 portion of its course the Rhone, below Fort-del-Ecluse, disappears 

 jotally for above 100 yards under a ledge of the rocks, and forma the 

 cascade called Perte-du-Rhdne. [Atx.] At the south-eastern angle of 

 the department of Aiu the Rhone, leaving the frontier, enters the 

 territory of France, and flows with a winding course, but in a general 

 western direction, to the city of Lyoii, where it is joined by the 

 Sadne. From Lyon to the Mediterranean it runs nearly due 

 south, its course still rapid, and its bed obstructed with numerous 

 shifting sand-banks and gravelly islands. In France, besides the 

 Saoue, it receives the Ain, the Ardeche, and the Card on the right 

 bank ; and the Isere, the Drome, and the Durance on the left bank. 

 Below Lyon it passes several considerable towns Vienne, Valence, 

 Avignon, Beaucaire, Tarascon, and Aries. After its junction with the 

 Sadne the Rhdne U a noble stream : the scenery along; its banks is 

 generally beautiful, ill parts striking, and grand. The river, which is 

 of great importance in a commercial point of view, is navigated by 

 numerous steamers from Lyon downwards ; owing to the rapidity of 

 the stream the up-navigatiou is rather tedious, and vessels plying on 

 it must keep a constant look-out, on account of the frequent changes 

 in the bed of the river from the shifting of the sands. Steamers ply 

 on the river above Lyou as far as Seyssel, but not regularly. By 

 means of the Sadne, which is navigated by steamers to ChAlon, and by 

 canals, the navigation of the Rhdne is connected with the Garonne, 

 the Seine, the Loire, and the Rhine. At Aries the Rhdne divides into 

 branches, which inclose the deltoid island of Camargue. The eastern 

 arm, called the Grand-Rhone, enters the Gulf of Lyon below the 

 Tour-St-Louis, where it has commenced the formation of a new delta. 

 The western arm, called the Petit- Rhdne, has its mouth a little west of 

 the village of Saintes-Maries. [BoucHES-DD-RadNE.] These arms are of 

 little use to navigation ; vessels making for the Rhone from the Mediter- 

 ranean reach the main river by the shore-lake of Berre and the 

 Martigues Canal from the eait, and by the Beaucaire Canal from the 

 west. The whole length of the Rhone is about 530 miles, 350 of which 

 are in France. It fall* 1000 feet between the Lake of Geneva and the 

 sea. On its banks below Lyon are grown some of the finest wines of 

 France. The Paris-Marseille railway runs along its left bank from 

 Lyon to Aries. 



RHONE, a department of France, the smallest except the metro- 

 politan department of Seine, u bounded N. by Sadue-et-Loire, E. by 

 the department of Ain, S.E. by that of Isere, and S. and W. by that 

 of Loire. Its greatest length from north to south is about 60 miles ; 

 it* greatest breadth U 28 miles. Its area U 1077'4 square miles. 

 The population in 1841 was 500,831 ; in 1851 it amounted to 574,745, 

 giving 533-455 inhabit into to a square mile, or 358'S71 above the 

 average per square mile for the whole of France. In density of 

 population the department of Rhdne ranks second among the depart- 

 ment* of France, being surpassed only by the metropolitan department 

 of Seine. 



The western side of the department ia mountainous ; the Lyonais, 

 Beaujolais, and CharoUi* heights, which form the prolongation north- 

 ward of the CeVennes, extend through it on this side from south t 

 north. From a poiut in the north of the department near the town 

 of Beanjeu these height* send off two offset*, one (the MAconnais 

 heights) to the north-north-east, which are separated from the prin- 

 cipal range by the valley of the Grone, a feeder of the Sadue ; and 

 another to the south-south-east, which are separated from the principal 

 range by the valley of the Azergue, another feeder of the Sadue. In 

 the south of the department another offset branches off from the main 

 range, from which it is separated by the valley of the Brevaune, and 

 extends north-east to the banks of the Sadne, north of Lyon ; its 

 extremity is known u Mont-d'Or, a name which ia sometimes given to 

 the whole branch. The extremity of another branch, running to the 

 north-east and separated from the main range by the valley of the 

 Gier, just extends into the south of the department Some of the 

 peaks are of considerable height ; the mountain of Tarare is, on the 

 north side, about 2600 feet, in the centre nearly 3000 feet, and on 

 the south nearly 4500 feet high. The MAconnais heights have in some 

 place* an elevation of above 3000 feet. The principal pass over theso 

 mountains is that of Tarare, where the road from Paris by Moulina 

 to Lyon crosses the ridge. Southward of this are the passes through 

 which run the roads from Lyon to Feurs and to St-Etienne ; north- 

 ward of it the only pass in the department is that through which 

 runs the road from Beaujeu to Charlieu. The road from Lyon along 

 the western bank of the Rhdne runs in several places through a narrow 

 pas* between the lower slopes of the mountains and the river. 



The principal mass of the mountain* is composed of granitic or 

 other primary rocks. In the valley of the Gier are found the lower 

 secondary formations, while the valley of the Rhdne is occupied in 

 the north by secondary and in the south by tertiary formations. The 

 mineral wealth of the department comprises copper-ores and coal. 

 The copper-mines are at St-Bel near Arbresle on the Brevanne, and at 

 Cheesy on the Azergue. Coal-mines are worked. Rock-crystal, por- 

 phyry, granite, fine marble of various colours, sandstone, gypsum, 

 potters'- and fullers'-earth, manganese, and excellent freestone, are 

 found. Some particles of gold are brought down by the Rhdne. 



