:. ...N 



KIASAN. 



300 



in Ih. baain of UM RMtM, only a HMD 



U>U> 

 llw Doijaeowtood of 



t about too mile* brlow Maepn 

 boundary to Condrieu 

 tbe department, except just in 

 d of Lyoo, whore the department extends acroa. ao 

 I a pordoo of the eaotecm bank of both riven. Tbe 

 of tho Setae aro-UM Groat, of which only the source t 

 rpartof lhcoara*arinUji*d>partmeat: theArdiere; and 

 TV* Aatrn* receive* tho tutted atraaai* of th* Breveone, 

 or Bnvaoa*. and iu feodor UM Tardine. Th* fotder* of the Rhone 

 are UM Uaroa, UM Uaroa. aad UM Ui*r. of which last only the lower 

 part batoaga to UM department Of tho feeder* of the Loire, UM 

 Boraia. UM Tramboaio, the lout, aad the Coin have their sources 

 ia lab diaartat Of thaw river, only UM Saone and the Rhone 



The oar* canal i* that of Oivon, which extend* along the valley of 

 UM Oiar from Kive-de-tiier to Oivon. The total length of water 

 coaBaniaiaaUoB ia UM department by this canal, tbe Saone, and tbe 

 Khooe, amounU to about 60 mile*. Tho department is traverwd by 

 imperial road* ; by UM railway from Paris to Marseille, which paine* 

 Ifctiiatli Macao aad Lyon; and by the railway from Lyon to 8t- 

 Ktioaa*. which i* extended down the valley of the Loire to Rcanne. 

 From Roaaa* a Bow line i* authorised to be constructed t< 

 taroufh Tamo. 



The climate i* healthy, bat the temperature varies with the elevation 

 of UM wrfaca, Th* surface may be ettimated in round numbers at 

 ttAMO acre*, of which about 853,000 acre* are under the plough. 

 Tho bank* of UM Saone an remarkably fertile, and much wheat is 

 grown there. The grain harvett U abundant, but insufficient to 

 apply UM waste of th* inhabitant*. Pulaa, colxa, madder, millet, 

 aaflroa. dax, aad hemp are also cultivated. The meadow* comprehend 

 W.000acre; UM aeath* aad open pasture* about 80,000. Neither 

 hone, aor oxen ar* numerous ; the number of cow* U considerable, 

 approaching 40,000. Sheep are numerous ; a**e* are both numerous 

 ad good ; aad oa Montd'Or a number of goat* are fed, from whose 

 milk good rhini i* made. The vineyard* occupy above 75,000 acres, 

 yielding annually about 17,000,000 gallons of wine. Some of the 

 &ao*t win*, in France art produced here, especially the Cote-Rdtie, 

 IfainaBOfhti, Saiate-rViy, and Condrieu. The fruit* both of northern 

 oaUwm Franc* are grown, except the orange and the olive ; 

 cheetaute abound, aad ar* sent to Peri* and sold under the name of 

 K.rroo* d* LTOB. Th* mountains are for the most part covered with 

 wood; MonUKUtm particular i* covered with fine firs; the woodlands 

 occupy about 86,000 aon*. Pike, eel, barbel, excellent trout and perch, 

 aad other fiah are taken ia the stream* ; and the ahad, the lamprey 

 " v -- 'the Rhone. The eel-pout* of the Sadne are 



industrial product* of the department are of great variety and 



" <*** !' in Kurope is so famous for its silk fabrics 



t-yoo, which U UM centre of the manufacture of the finest sating 



Ufekae, lute-trinw, T*lvete, lace, brocades, silk-hats, shawls, gauze 



iry, fte, Other industrial products are muslins, hand- 



ttoa-twist, gold lace, straw-hat*. steam-machinery 



Hi-work, Uqtuura, chemical products, Ac. Ac. There are also 



bonsea, paper-mills, type-foundries, glass-works, pot- 



^.J*^- 1 ** Pti"g-<><w>, BypwwMnffl*, and 

 iw-milla. The general commerce in raw and manufactured 



Umb ""' * nd P' 1 " 0118 of 



*JEZ!2'5 <UTi ^ ed . !nto two f~ndiements, which, with 

 Kl.visaoos and population, are a* follow* :- . 



"iBoaofcetur* paper hanging., papar-ctainen' colour*, printer*' ink 



faetore* of silk and leather ; and the inhabitant* carry on trade in 

 corn, and the muoh-e*teemed white wints of the neighbourhood. A 

 considerable number are boatmen on the Rhone, and many boats are 

 built hare. Ouiiiiu, a town of about 4000 inhabitant*, is situated on 

 the right bank of the Rhone, 4 mile* 8. from Lyon. In the parish 

 church i* a monument to Jacquard, the inventor of the loom that goes 

 by bis name. 



2. In the second arrondissemeut the chief town, VUlefranctu, 18 

 mile* by railway N. from Lyon, i* situated in 45 59' 21" N. lat, 

 4' 43' 19" E. long., 599 feet above the level of the sea, and baa 7769 

 inhabitant* iu the commune. It was founded near the end of the 

 llth century by Humbert, Sire de Beaujeu. The town consists of one 

 very wide and handsome street, extending for above a mile along the 

 road from Paris to Lyou, and of some smaller streets branching from 

 it. The houses are well built The inhabitants manufacture cotton- 

 aud linen-yarn, cotton goods, and leather. There is a considerable 

 weekly market for cattle (chiefly for the supply of Lyon), hemp, flax, 

 cotton-yarn, and cotton- and hempen-cloth. Considerable trade i* 

 carried on in hides and wine. Villefranche has tribunals of first 

 instance and of commerce, a college and hospitals. Anst, a small 

 town of about 2000 inhabitants, near the mouth of the Azergue in 

 the Saone, U agreeably situated in one of the richest plains in France, 

 at the foot of a hill covered with vineyards. BtUevUle-tu,r-Sa6ne, north 

 of Villefranche, has a manufacture of muslins and other cottons, and 

 2500 inhabitants, who trade in wine. The Belleville station is 27 miles 

 N. from Lyon. Tarcut, a well-built, busy, manufacturing town of 

 about 10,000 inhabitants, situated in a narrow valley at the foot of 

 Mont Torare, has a commercial chamber and a council of prud'hommes. 

 It is the centre of a manufacture of muslin, embroidery, silks, cotton- 

 prints, merinoes, leather, and earthenware. The neighbouring mountain 

 contains lead -ore, but the mines have been given up ; marble is quarried. 

 The town has at times suffered considerably from the swelling of the 

 little river Tardine, on which it stands. Seaujeu, the ancient capital 

 of Beaujolais, is a neat town, at the foot of a mountain crowned with 

 the ruins of the old castle of the Sires de Beaujeu. There are cooper- 

 ages, paper-mills, and tan-yards. A considerable trade is carried on 

 iu grain, wine*, and iron, and in the cottons and linens manufactured 

 iu the district around. It has six yearly fairs. At Tkvty, a small place 

 of 2000 inhabitants, 20 miles N.W. from Villefranoho, linens and 

 cottons are manufactured ; and at Court, a large village of 3000 inhabit- 

 ants, near Thizy, a mixed fabric of cotton and flax is woven. There 

 are twelve fairs at Thizy, which is the mart for the surrounding 

 country. 



The department constitutes, with the adjacent department of Loire, 

 the diocese of the archbishop of Lyon-et-Vienue : it is in the jurisdic- 

 tion of the High Court and within the limits of the University- 

 Academy of Lyon. It belongs to the 8th Military Division, the bead- 

 quarters of which are at Lyon. It sends four members to the Legis- 

 lative Chamber of the French empire. The Calviuistg have a oon- 

 sistoriul church at Lyon and two meeting-houses at Lyou and Tararc. 

 For purposes of higher education there are a lyceuin, or college, an 

 academy of sciences, medical and theological Bchooln, a diocesan 

 seminary, and a preparatory ecclesiastical college in Lyon, and a college 

 and normal school in Villefranche. 



(Itictionnaire de la France ; Annuaitv pour FAn 1853 ; Annaaire ilu 

 Commerce ; Official Papert.) 



RHUDDLAN. [FLINTSHIRE.] 



RHYL. [FLINTSHIRE.] 



RHYNDARUS, RIVER [ANATOLIA.] 



RIASAN, or RJASAN (sometimes written Katan), is an extensive 

 government of European Russia, which derives its name from the very 

 ancient town of Riasan, which indeed has long since fallen into ruins, 

 but the name has been transferred to the town of Pereslawl. It is 

 situated between 63 and 55 40' N. lat, 38 18' and 41 30' E. long, 

 and is bounded N. by Vladimir, E.S.E. by Tambow, S.W. by Tula, 

 and N.W. by Moskwa, The area is about 16,200 square miles. The 

 population in 1846 wa* 1,866,900. It is divided into 12 circles. The 

 country is traversed by many small hills and eminences, and the bunks 

 of the river* are high. The surface is diversified with little forests 



j ^"fi! f tree "' II " onl y on tha banks of the Don > the Osetr > 

 and the Prona that the elevations are rocky ; the other eminences 

 consist of beds of stone, clay, marl, and lime, and are by no means 

 unfruitful. The soil in general is a pretty thick layer of fine bkck 

 mould. The principal rivers ore the Oka, which flows from the govern- 

 ment of Moscow, and the Don, which issues from Lake Iwanowskoe, 

 on the frontier, both of which rivers receive smaller streams. In this 

 government, which joins the Bakowa, a tributary of the Prona, is tho 

 Toater part of the canal which, by uniting the Bakowa with the 

 jernoi, effects a communication between the Volga and the Don by 

 Oka and the Woronesh. The intermediate rivers are however 

 >nly navigable by boats in spring when the water is high. In autumn, 

 winter, and spring the weather is variable, and in summer hot The 

 climate is healthy. 



The *oU i* on the whole very fertile, especially in the southern part. 



tye, wheat, oat*, barley, millet, flax, and hemp are cultivated. Com 



I in sufficient quantities to allow exportation. Horticulture is 



ral; every peaaant ha* his kitchen-garden, where all kinds of 



Rn*.ian culinary Tegrtable. are grown. Most of the peasants grow 



