301 



RIBADESELLA. 



RICKMANSWORTH. 



hop*, which are an article of exportation. Apples and cherries are 

 the fruits chiefly cultivated. The farmers let their pasture-land, which 

 a of considerable extent, to the cattle-dealers of the Ukraine. Few 

 swine are kept, and no domestic poultry except the common barn-door 

 fowl. Bees are very generally kept. Fish abound in the rivers, and 

 great quantities are exported. The minerals are iron-stone, clay, marl, 

 lime, a little freestone, gypsum, vitriol, and sulphur. 



The manufactures are few, and chiefly in the towns. The country- 

 people spin thread and worsted yarn, and manufacture coarse linen 

 and woollen cloth*, leather, wooden agricultural and domestic imple- 

 ment* and utensils, and bast shoe*. There are numerous spirit distil- 

 leries. Almost all the exports go to Moscow, from which are received 

 in return such commodities as are required, except salt, which is 

 obtained from the banks of the Volga. 



The inhabitants are all Russians, except a small number of Hord- 

 wins, who lire in a few Tillages ; and between 4000 and 5000 Tartars, 

 who lire partly in the town of Kasimow, and partly in some villages. 

 The archbishop of Riasan and Saraisk is at the head of the Greek 

 The Mohammedan Tartars have their imams, mosques, and 



at; 



, the capital of the government (formerly called Peralaicl 

 .), in 54" 5a' N. lafc, 3& 20* E. long., is situated on the river 

 Trubesch (a branch of the Oka) at its junction with the Lebeda. It 

 a well-built town with a fortress. It is the residence of the military 

 governor of Riasan and Tambow, of the civil governor and the 

 government authorities, the see of the archbishop, and has a seminary 

 Joe priests, a gymnasium, the cathedral, and about 20 other churches, 

 a public library, college, a school of drawing and architecture, an 

 hospital, and manufactories of woollen cloth, linen, sailcloth, leather, 

 glass, iron-wares, and needles. The houses and streets are spacious, 

 and present a cheerful appearance, particularly in the centre of the 

 town where is a public garden. The population is upwards of 10,000. 



Saraitk on the Osetr has 6000 inhabitants, a citadel, several churches, 

 and a great trade in cattle. There are numerous wide and straight 

 street*, but the public buildings are in a dilapidated condition, and 

 the town appears almost deserted. Xanmow, on the Oka and the 

 Babenka, has about 7000 inhabitants, of whom 500 are Mohammedan 

 Tartars, who carry on a great trade in furs. It was a place of consider- 

 able importance under the Tartar rule, but is now of little consequence. 

 It contains an ancient mosque, near which is the tomb of Shah Ali. 



RIBADESELLA, or R1VA-DE-SELLA. [AMI-BIAS.] 



RIBCHESTER. [LAKCAUIIB*.] 



R1BE. [JUTLAND.] 



RIBEAUVILLE. [Rnijt, HAUT.] 



RIBKIRA.ORANDE. [AxoBzs, Bt.-Miduul ; CAM VKBD, Smmtiago.] 



RIBEMONT. [Aix.] 



RIBERAC. [DoBOOunE.] 



RIBIER8. [ALPE8, HAUTBS.] 



RICCARTON. [ATBsniRB.] 



RICHBOROUGH. [KMrr.l 



RICH KU EC. [IsDRE-rr-LoiHB.] 



RICHMOND, Surrey, a town, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, 

 in tbe parish of Richmond, is situated on the ruht bank of the river 

 Thames, in 61" 27' N. lat, 18' W. long., distant 21 miles N.E. 

 from Gnildford, 12 miles W.S.W. from London by road, and 10 miles 

 by the Windsor branch of the London and South- Western railway. 

 Tbe population of the village of Richmond in 1851 was 9065. The 

 living i* a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Surrey and diocese of 

 Winchester. Richmond Poor-Law Union contains five pariihes, with 

 an area of 4889 acres, and a population in 1851 of 15,906. 



Tb* original name of the village was Behene or Scheen, afterwards 

 altered to Sheen. Henry I. had a palace here. Chaucer the poet was 

 clerk or surveyor of the works to the palace of Sheen in the reign of 

 Richard IL In 1499, while Henry VII. was residing in it, the palace 

 was destroyed by an accidental fire. Henry caused it to be rebuilt, 

 and called it Richmond, from hu own earldom. Henry died in his 

 new palace in 1609. It was in Richmond palace that Kluabeth died 

 in 1603. The palace was in part demolished by order of the parlia- 

 ment during the period of the commonwealth. The remainder was 

 pulled down in the next century with the exception of some of the 

 offices, which an still standing. The site is BOW occupied by private 

 hsasis. The park, which was attached to the palace, i* now known 

 as the Old Park : it lies on the north-west and north sides of the 

 village ; and extends along tbe Thames to Kew Gardens, with which 

 it ws united by George III. The park now known as Richmond 

 Park is to the sooth-east of the village. It was inclosed by Charles I., 

 in whose time it was called ' the New Park : ' it is about eight miles 

 mud, inclosed by a brick wall, and comprehends 3263 acres. The 

 scenery of Bishmtmrl park is eminently picturesque. A Carthusian 

 priory, which was established here at an early period, was restored 

 after the general suppression by Queen Mary I., but existed at Rich- 

 mond only a year. 



1 i* delightfully situated on tbe side and summit of an 

 on toe banks of the Thames, over which there is a Innd- 

 i bridge of five arches, erected in 1777 at a cost of 26,0001. 

 Along the brow ef the hill U a terrace, commanding a proipect of 

 exceeding richness and bmnty; and along the bonks of the river are 

 OHM delightful t :ilas and grounds. Richmond is a favourite place of 



resort in summer for the inhabitants of London, with which there ia 

 at that season communication several times a day by steam-boats. 

 The town is well paved, and is lighted with gas. The parish church 

 is a plain brick building of modern erection, except the tower, which 

 is of flint and stone, and of perpendicular character. In the church 

 or churchyard are monuments to the poet Thomson, Kean the trage- 

 dian, Gilbert Wakefield, Dr. John Moore, and other persons of 

 celebrity. St. John's district church was erected in 1831. There are 

 chapels for Independents, Baptists, Wesleyan Methodists, and Roman 

 Catholics ; a Commercial school ; several National schools ; an Indus- 

 trial school for girls; two Infant schools; and a Roman* Catholic 

 school. On Richmond Hill is the Wesleyan Methodist Theological 

 Institution for the education of young ined for the ministry. The 

 building is a very handsome one, 248 feet long by 65 feet deep, with 

 projecting wings : it is in the Tudor collegiate style. There are a 

 literary and scientific institution, a young men's mutual instruction 

 society, a dispensary, and a savings bank. There are market-gardens 

 and nursery-grounds in the vicinity. 



RICHMOND, North Riding of Yorkshire, the capital of the exten- 

 sive baronial liberty of Richmondshire, a' market-town, municipal and 

 parliamentary borough, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, iu the 

 parish of Richmond, it situated in 54 25' N. Int., 1 44' W. long., 

 distant 44 miles N.W. from York, 233 mileg N.N.W. from London by 

 road, and 240 miles by the Great Northern and York and Newcastle 

 railways. The population of the parliamentary borough of Richmond 

 in 1851 was 4969; that of the municipal borough 4106. Itisgoverned 

 by 4 aldermen and 12 councillors, of whom one is mayor ; and returns 

 2 members to the Imperial Parliament. The living ia a rectory iu 

 the archdeaconry of Richmond and diocese of Ripon. Richmond 

 Poor- Law Union contains 41 parishes and townships, with an area of 

 78,569 acres, and a population in 1851 of 13,846. 



Alan Rufus, eon of Hoel, count of Bretagne, a kinsman of William 

 the Conqueror, who accompanied him in his expedition to England, 

 obtained nm \Villiam the title of Earl of Richmond, anil the estates 

 of the Saxon Earl Edwin, embracing nearly 200 manors and town- 

 ships, and a jurisdiction over all Richmoudshire, about a third of the 

 North Hiding. These possessions fell to the crown on Henry, earl of 

 Richmond, becoming king of England by thu title of Henry VII. 

 Charles II. bestowed the title of Duku of Richmond on his eon Charles 

 Lennox, in whose descendants the dignity continues. The castle ia 

 situaU-d on an almost perpendicular rock on the left bank of the Swale, 

 bout 100 feet above the bed of the river. The walks around the 

 castle present a succession of varied and romantic scenery. Of the 

 castle, the bold Norman keep is still almost entire ; the walls arc 

 nearly 100 feet high and 11 feet thick. A small monastery, called the 

 Gray Friary, was founded at Richmond in 1258 ; of the building only 

 a steeple remains. 



Richmond is said to have been a place of good trade for threo 

 centuries after the Conquest, but it subsequently declined. The town 

 is lighted with gas, and is well supplied with water. The town-hall is 

 a convenient building ; in it the quarter-sessions are held both for the 

 town and the North Riding. It contains a spacious assembly-room. 

 The railway station and bridge over the Swale are handsome structures. 

 The parish church it a gothic building, with portions of Norman cha- 

 racter, and conniaU of a nave, chancel, and aisles, with a tower at the 

 west- end. Holy Trinity chapel stands in the market-place. Tin- 

 Wesleyan Methodists, Independents, and Roman Catholics have places 

 of worship. Richmond Free Grammar school was incorporated by 

 Queen Elizabeth. A new school-house has been erected by public 

 subscription in memory of tbe Rev. Canon Tate, the late head-master. 

 The school has an income from endowment of 2701. a year, with six 

 scholarships at Oxford, Cambridge, and Durham, and had 60 scholars 

 in 1854. There are also the Corporation school, in which 60 boys are 

 taught ; National and Infant schools ; a school supported by Roman 

 Catholics ; a scientific society, with a library of 4 j 00 volumes ; a 

 mechanics institute, with about 700 volumes in its library ; a news- 

 room ; a savings bank ; and various charities. The market is held 

 on Saturday, and fairs are held five times in the year. A cattle-fair is 

 held on the moor. Iron and brass founding, rope-making, and tanning 

 are carried on. There are several corn-mills. Tbe only manufactory 

 is an extensive paper-mill Many wealthy families reside in the town, 

 and the country for several miles round is studded with the psrks and 

 mansions of lauded proprietors. Races are held in the first week of 

 September on the high moor about a mile from the town. 



Kli HHOND, U. S. [VIBOIMA.] 



RICKMANSWORTH, or RICKMEKSWORTH, Hertfordshire, a 

 market-town, in the parish of Rickmansworth, is situated on the 

 riuht bank of the river Chess or Chesham, in 51 38' N. lat., 27' 

 W. long., distant 23 miles S.W. from Hertford, and 18 miles N.W. 

 from London. The population of the parish in 1851 was 4851. The 

 living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of St. Albans and diocese of 

 Rochester. 



The town U irregularly laid out. The parish church, a spacious 

 and handsome edifice, has been recently rebuilt, except the tower. 

 A fine painted window in this church was formerly in the church f 

 St. John in Rouen. There are chapels for Wesleyun Metlm lints and 

 Baptists, and National and British school-". Flour-milN nml mills for 

 the cotton, silk, and paper manufactures are in the neighbourhood. 



