



ROCHESTER. 



tat 



ar. earrbd OB. Tber art *>Trml flour-milta and varnish 

 b manufactory of steam-engines, water- 



. _ era, Tb markt-pbve is tpadons square, 



,4 cfetety by shopt Mid good bon* ; in the centre stands 

 t (* MfV wbiek to surmounted by the arms of Ripon, 

 tU bom and spur-row*!. On the tonlh tide of the market-plice 

 hta*tobaU, bttiltia 1*01. The rtrerts are well paved, and lij-'htwl 

 wtth |M. Tar U a good supply of water. A county court is held. 

 Tto >> - on Thursday. Six fmin are hoM annually, chiefly for 

 hwtiwr. cattl*. and esoth. Ktar UM town the rirtr Ure ii created 

 by a fctyrfMB* brkdn of IT arenas. The Ure navigation was brought 

 to UM town br MM* of abort canal In 1T6T. 



Th* dtooaat of RteoB WM formed in 18S6 from the dioceiee of York 

 aad mirtu. It ie in the provtnoe of York, and extend, over a great 

 part of UM Wed Riding, tad ortr the liberty of Richmondshire In the 

 Xortb Riding. U w divided into the archd>aoonri<-> of Richmond 

 and CTBTML The chapter eontisU of the dean, the two archdeacons, 

 Mt eaaoot, a rhancrllor. and two minor canons. The income of the 

 MafcM U xd at 451XW. annu.lly. 



R1SBOROU<;H [Ihti5c's RnBORoroH.] 



RI8HRIDOK. a hundred in the county of SuBblk, which gives name 

 to a Poor-Uw Union. Rkbrtdge Union contains 26 parishes, of which 

 An an in the county of Eawx, the remaining 21 being almost all In 

 Risbridg* hundred. Suffolk. The are* of the union ii 53,572 acres ; 

 MM population in 1851 wu 18,117. 



RISING-SUN. [IRDIAMA.1 



K1VKDKUIK1J. [LoiBJLj 



RIVK& [1st at] 



RIVESALTK& rPrfc*s ORIKXTAIES.] 



RI'VuLI, a town in Piedmont, situated about 10 miles W. from 

 Turin. A wide and straight avenue, lined with fine elm-trees, leads 

 from Rivoli to the capital, through a rich plain irrigated by canals. 

 Riroli baa 5000 inhabitants, and a royal palace situated upon ft height. 



There i another Rivoli which is in the Austrian province of Verona, 

 oo the right bank of the Adige, and is celebrated for the victory gained 

 by UM French over the Austrian January 17, 1797. General Massena 

 obtained afterwards, under the empire, the title of Duke of Rivoli. 



ROANNK. [Lore*] 



KOBKRTSTOWN. (KrtDARt] 



ROCHDALE, Lancashire, a market-town, parliamentary borough, 

 and the teat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Rochdale, is 

 aUoated on both tides of the river Roch, in 58" 83' N. lat, 2 10' 

 W. long., distant 48 miles &E. from Lancaster, 193 miles X.W. by N. 

 from London by road, and 200 miles by the North- Western and Lan- 

 aaahirt and Yorkshire railways. The population of the borough in 

 1861 WM 29,105. The affairs of the town are managed by Improve- 

 ment Commissioners. The borough returns one member to the 

 Imperial Parliament. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry 

 and dioCrte of Manchester. Rochdale Poor-Law Union contains nix 

 towualpa, with an area of 40,340 acres, and a population in 1851 

 of 7*515. 



Rochdale is called Reotdham in the Dom^lny Survr-y. In the 

 time of Edward III. some Flemings introduced the woollen manufac- 

 ture into the pariah ; and two centuries afterwards, in the reign of 

 Klixatwth, it was still famous for its woollens. In 1810 there were 

 Bve fulling mill* established on the Spodden, or Spotland brook, in 

 Uife parish. 



Th town has been considerably improved of late years. The houses 

 art chiefly of brick ; tome of the best are built of freestone quarried 

 in UM neighbourhood ; they are commonly covered with stone instead 

 of slates. The street* are well paved, and lighted with gas ; and the 

 town is supplied with water from four reservoirs. The old stone 

 bridge of three arches over the Roch has been widened and improved ; 

 boat a quarter of a mile below it is another stone bridge of one arch, 

 aad just abort it an iron bridge for foot passengers. The parish 

 church, which occupies an elevated site, wu built in the 12th century. 

 is partly of laU Norman and partly of the perpendicular stylo. 

 8*. Mary s church, a plain brick building, was built in 1740 as a chapel 

 * *" parish church. 8t James's church was built In 1814. 

 TM Wetltru and A-ociation Methodists, Baptists, Independents, 

 UM Ooutoas of Huntingdon's Connexion, Primitive Methodists, 

 Qnskera, Roman Catholics, and Unitarians, have places of worship. 

 Tba Urammar school, founded in 1685, had 9 scholars in 1854, of 

 wbom 1 wu free. There are National, British, Infant, and Charity 

 coooU, tad a school supported by the Society of Odd Fellows A 

 litorarr institute connected with the Established Church, an athenrcuin 

 a people's imtitaU with libraries and reading-rooms attached, a tern' 

 panaM-hall, and a dispensary are in the town. The town-hall, a neat 

 lav, It alto used at a n-ws-room. There is a commodious jail, 

 oaUad UM Hew Bailer. A county court Is held in the town. 



taoufactorm of Rochdale are in a prosperous condition, and 

 **V^TT* t T* l "< m itn Port*n<* : they comprehend woollen roods, 

 at balsa, naoDela, coatings, and frieses ; and strong calicoes anil other 

 brt the woollen fabrics form the staple. Coal is dug, 



_ .and freestone are abundantly quarried in the 

 arlab. There are several hat-manufactories, cotton -spinning mills 

 ron and brans foundries, aad machine factories, There are two 

 : on Monday for manufactured goods, wool, oil, dye-stuffs, 



and grain ; and on Saturday for provision*. Fairs are held for cattle, 

 horses, and pedlery on May 14th, on Whit-Tuesday, and on November 

 7th. The Rochdale Canal, which unites the Duke of Bridgewater's 

 Canal at Manchester with the Calder and Ribble navigation near 

 Halifax, passes at a short distance south-east from the town. 

 ROCHE-HERNARD. [MonnniAK.] 



ROCHEFORT. [CHARRHTK-lKFfeRIBOBK.] 



ROCHEFOUCAULT. [CHARKMTB.] 



ROCHELLE. [CHARESTE-INFERLECRE.] 



ROCHESTER, Kent, an episcopal city, a municipal and a parlia- 

 mentary borough, is situated on the rii?ht bank of the river Medway, 

 immediately adjacent to the parliamentary borough of CHATHAM, with 

 which it forms one continuous town, in 51 23' N. lat., 80' E. long., 

 distant 8 miles N. from Maidstone, 29 miles E.S.E. from London by 

 road, and 81 miles by the North Kent branch of the London and 

 South-Eastern railway. The population of the city in 1851 was 14,938. 

 The borough is governed by 6 aldermen and 18 councillors, of whom 

 one is mayor; and returns two members to the Imperial Parliament. 

 The livings are in the archdeaconry and diocese of Rochester. 



Rochester probably existed antecedently to the Roman invasion. 

 By the Romans it was called Durobrivse. During the independence of 

 the Saxon kingdom of Kent it was of importance both as the seat of a 

 bishopric (established about 604) and as a place of strength, situated 

 at the passage of the Medway. It waa destroyed by Ethelred, king of 

 Mercia, in 876, and by the Danes in the time of Ethelwulf, in 839 ; it 

 was besieged again by tho Danes in 885, but relieved by Alfred, who 

 drove the invaders to their ships. At various periods from the 10th 

 to the 18th century Rochester city and its castle, which had been 

 built or repaired by the Conqueror, were the objects of hostile attack 

 and siege. Three times in the 12th century the city was nearly 

 destroyed by fire. In the rising of tho commons under Wat TyU-r, 

 the castle was assailed. Edward IV. was the last king who paid any 

 attention to the repair of the castle. James II. embarked at Rochester 

 when he fled to France after his abdication, in 1688. 



The town consists of several streets irregularly laid out ; the prin- 

 cipal street leads from the bridge at the west end of the town into 

 Chatham on the east side. On the left bank of the Medway is Strood, 

 which is united with Rochester by the bridge. Rochester, Chatham, 

 and Strood thus form in effect one town : they are commonly spoken 

 of in the locality as ' the three towns.' The streets are lighted with 

 gas and paved, and the houses are of respectable appearance. The 

 environs are extremely pleasant, and in the outskirts of the town are 

 some handsome villas, and rows of neat modern houses, built on the 

 higher ground which rises from the low margin of the river. 



The cathedral is situated on the south side of the High-street 

 within the ancient Priory gate. It consists of a nave with side aisles, 

 a choir (the floor of which is raised 10 steps above the floor of the 

 nave), a principal transept, at the junction of the nave and choir, and 

 a smaller transept at the east end of the choir. At the intersection of 

 the principal transept is a central tower, erected in 1825 ; at the 

 western end of the church there appear to have been originally four 

 low towers, two on each side the doorway and two at the extremities; 

 of these 6nly two now remain, which are different in style. On the 

 north side of the choir, between the two transepts, but nearer to the 

 principal one, is a low square tower, now in ruins, called Gundulph's 

 tower. The dimensions of the building are as follows : Length of 

 the nave 150 feet ; breadth with side aisles 66 feet ; length of the 

 choir 156 feet; making the total length of the church 306 feet : length 

 of the principal transept 122 feet; of tho smaller transept 90 feet; 

 area of Gundulph's tower, inside, 24 feet square ; walls of Gundulph's 

 tower 6 feet thick. Extent of the west frout of the cathedral 81 feet. 

 The chapter-house is in ruins ; a mean building, erected in the place 

 of it, serves for chapter-house and library. The nave ia part of the 

 structure of Bishop Gundulph, who rebuilt the cathedral, near the 

 close of the llth century, on the site of the previous structure, said 

 to have been founded in 604, when the diocese was constituted. The 

 west front is a good specimen of enriched Norman architecture ; but 

 the great west window is an insertion of perpendicular character, as 

 are most of the other windows of the nave. The nave has Norman 

 piers and arches, except in the part nearest the choir, where the 

 arches are early English. The roof of the nave is now flat, but there 

 are indications that it was intended at first to be vaulted. Most of 

 the eastern part of the church is of plain early English architecture. 

 The roof of the choir and of both transepts is vaulted and groined. 

 The pillars of the choir are of Petworth marble. The crypt is very 

 spacious, extending under the buildings of the choir ; its character is 

 early English, scarcely differing, in one part, from Norman. There 

 are several chapels, in one of which the bishop holds liis consistory 

 court. The interior of the cathedral was about the year 1842 repaired 

 and in many places restored by the dean and chapter at an expense 

 of about 14.000/, 



There are two parish churches in Rochester, St. Margaret's, which 

 was rebuilt in 1824, and St. Nicholas', erected in 1624. ThoWesleyan 

 Methodists, Independents, Quakers, and Jews have places of worship. 

 The Cathedral Grammar school, founded in 1542, has an income of 

 698/. 6. 8<J. a year. It has four exhibitions at Oxford or Cambridge, 

 and two restricted to University College, Oxford. The number of 

 cholars in 1854 was 62, including 20 free scholars; each of the free 



