Ill 



OOBOT, 



ROMA, COMARCA DL 



311 



which fill np this immenso tract of 

 hich however are partly covered with 

 It fa Mid that about ooeebtth of the entire surface of this 



.1 of extoneJve lakte. 

 T and W X. Ut, the eastern range* of the Rooky Moon- 

 MM approach Ike valley of the Mackenzie River. Dr. Richardton 

 an that they appear to condtt of ahort eonical peak*, acaroely rising 

 MM fret above the river. Lateral ridges project from their sidea, 

 vhieh etreteh eoulh-eouth-wett and north-north-east, being nearly at 

 riebt angle* to the feneral oonne of UM great range, to which they 

 brtoof. Their baete are from one to two miles wide, and their 

 eeetem elope* preeent a tnnneerinti of precipice*, with shelving accli- 

 vities beneath them, formed of debris, and exhibit on their faces 

 regular line* of ctretineation. The valleys which separate these ridges 

 end open upon the river, are narrow, with level bottoms, but very 

 Heap ride* well clothed with trees. One of these ridges presents 

 towardt the river a very precipitous deaoent, 1200 feet high, which 

 extend* for at beat 15 mile*. A large portion of this mountain region 

 ! drained by UM Peal River, which breaks through the eastern ridge 

 ear 67* W N. Ut.; at ita junction with the Mackenzie River the 

 Pert b of considerable sue, and brings down a great volume of water. 

 The most northern portion of the Rocky Mountain system to its 

 I the shore* of the Arctic Ocean consists of several parallel 

 on the embouchure of the moot western arm of the 

 River (1ST* W. long.) and 140* W. long., four distinct 

 seen from 12 to 25 miles from the shore. At their northern 

 they are separated by valleys about 20 or 80 miles \vi<ie. 

 The summit* of the two eastern chains, called Richardson Chain and 

 BoozlanH Chain, are lower, being free from snow in summer, but the 

 two western, called British Chain and Romanzow Chain, are always 

 covered with snow. Romanzow Chain occupies the greatest width, 

 and preeenta to the Arctic Ocean a front exceeding 60 miles in extent 

 Thee* chain* coniist of lUte-rocks ; their summits are rounded and 

 eked, but the narrow valley* between them are covered with grass. 

 So boshe* nor even ehrube appear on their declivities. At a great 

 distance farther west, between 151* and 152, the northern extremity 

 of another chain, called the Pelly Mountains, is seen from the shores 

 of the Arctic Ocean. It is most probable that the mountain-chain 

 which i* obeerved to skirt the shores of the Pacific, at no great distance 

 from the tea, and in numerous places to advance with its offsets close 

 to the water'* fdge, form* a part of the Rocky Mountain system and 

 is connected with it But on this point we are without information, 

 the interior of the countries along this coast not having been explored 

 i y European*. 



(Huraboldt, Eaai Politigve nr la NomeUc Etpagne; Pike, Explora- 

 tory TrateU through the Wetter* Territory of North America, &c. ; 

 Jamea, Account of Major Long'i Expedition to the Rocky Mountains; 

 Lewi* and Clarke, JVorrfi to the Source of the Mitsouri, &c. ; Mackenzie, 

 Voyage, through the Continent of North America to the Frozen and 

 Pacific Ocemu ; Franklin, Second Expedition to the Polar Sea ; Dease 

 and Simpson ; Fremont ; Ruxton, Ac.) 

 BOCROT. [ARDEHSIS.] 

 RODEZ. [RHODEZ.1 

 RODINOS, THE. [Essix] 

 KOERMOND. or RTOEMONDE. [LIMBUBG.] 

 RCEULX. [HAHtACLT.j 

 ROOLIANO. [CoBWCA.1 

 ROHILCUND. 

 ROHUR. fCtr 



ROMA, COMARCA DI, a province of the Papal state, in which the 



tome situated, and which is under the same administrative 



rWe* at the metropolis itself. It consists of the Agro Romano, 



rntory immediately around Rome, and of the districts of Tivoli, 



nd Subtaoo. The province extends on both banks of the 



iding Braooaoo, Monte Rosi, and Monte Sanf Oreste (tho 



) on the west or right bank of the river, and it extends 



le eastern or left bank, including Palombara. 



* *%*' m L U " Wh le "" ey of the Auio - "* Palestrina^ 



an, Albano, Uencano, and Porto d'Anzo and Nettuno on the 



ea^oa.! I*" bounded N. by the province, of Viterbo and HiHi?E. by 



*^aLW ? "!i T *" P ?IJ DC * rf FrodDO >d the Medi- 

 W. by the provmce of Viterbo. The area is 1699 square 



nuM* : UM population inclnain* thn mtv nt Kn*v. A : i oen . * . 



304 Mt. The cL 



'">"* at thVprovteosVdiier.ified'iS ^'e^m 



^2^^L i? I d !!f i 1 ! U .f bo S. nd in P ictu "q'' aoinerV^ The 

 rained by tiuTmnnt (ancient Anio) which rises 

 ar the ^eapolitan frontier, and passe. Subiaco in a 

 T " i. t W ^J 1 " lowerdowl > '' turn, south-west 



-uiT^n ^7 tbe 7 nowned o"cadk and enters the 

 on the left bank about two mile* north of Rome. The northern 



and northern 





reo / n , 



Arrone, the outlet of Lake Br^iano 

 f 



Braeeiano, and Nemi, oocuoy ancient crater*.' "rwfare^any imaller 

 lake, and eomo large mantr, on the ae. ooart. Bedde. the two hilly 



district* already named tho province presents an extensive plain 

 diversified only by the gentle undulations of the Campagua, many 

 parts of which are infested by malaria. The highest points in the Roman 

 sub-Apennines are Monte Quadagnolo, to the south-east of Tivoli, and 

 Monte Oenaro (4185 feet above the sea). The latter is supposed to be 

 the Mons Lucretilis of Horace. The Monte San Oreste (ancient 

 Soracte), in the north of the province, is a mass of limestone projecting 

 up from the tufa of the Campagna to the height of 2000 feet above 

 the sea. It is in parts beautifully wooded. On its summit is the 

 monastery of St. Sylvester, which was founded by Carloman, son of 

 Charles Martel, on the site of a church built here by St. Sylvester 

 before his elevation to the Holy See, in commemoration of the con- 

 version of Constantino the Great. Ousts of wind still issue from 

 the fissures on the east side of the mountain as described by Pliny. 

 Mount Soracte fills up the fork between the Tiber and its feeder the 

 Treia, which is formed by the junction of two streams that flow in 

 ravines and unite their waters between the mountain and the town of 

 Civita Castellana. They ore the Rio Hicano, which is the outlet of 

 the Lake Vice and the most northern of the two ; its course is nearly 

 due east : and the Rio Maggiore which also flows east past Sutri and 

 Nepi in the neighbouring provmce of Viterbo. 



In the valley of the Teverone are the following towns : Siibiaco, 

 the ancient Sublaqucum (population 5836), built in a moat picturesque 

 situation on a hill on the right bank of the river. It is supposed to 

 occupy the site, or part of the site, of Nero's villa, remains of which 

 still exist. Subiaco has a fine church dedicated to St. Andrew, a 

 papal chateau, and several convents, the most famous of which are 

 those of Santa Scholastica and St. Benedict, both founded in the 5th 

 century. The Teverone forms some cascades below the town. TIVOLI 

 (ancient Kbnr), celebrated for the cascades of the Anio and for its 

 antiquity, is described in a separate article. A short distance west of 

 Tivoli is the Lake of Solfatara, the ancient Aqiue Albula, whoso 

 sulphureous waters are carried by a canal into the Teverone. The 

 waters are of a milky colour and always have a strong smell of sulphur. 

 Their petrifying qualities are continually contracting the area of the 

 lake, which in the time of Father Kircher was a mile in circuit but is 

 now only about 500 feet in diameter. There are other smaller lakes 

 of the same character near the Solfatara. North of Tivoli is Vicovaro 

 (the ancient facia), now a village of about 1000 inhabitants. Between 

 Vicovaro and Monte Genaro is Licenza (the ancient Diyentia), situated 

 on the bright limpid stream immortalised by Horace, of whose villa 

 there remain some scauty memorials. To the west of Licenza, 

 nearer the Tiber is Palombara, a small town of 2700 inhabitants. 



Among the hills of the ancient Hernici round the source of the 

 Sacco are PALESTBINA, described in a separate article. Palio.no, 

 situated on an isolated rocky hill fortified with towers and bastions, 

 and approached only by means of a drawbridge : population, 3700. 

 Cari, picturesquely situated on a rock of tufa above a torrent-feeder 

 of the Sacco, over which a fine bridge of seven arches is thrown : 

 population, 2000. Genezzano, built on a steep hill 4 miles E. from Cavi, 

 is famous for its chapeL/rf the Madonna, on whose feast the peasantry 

 of all this part of the province assemble in the town : population 

 2500 ; on the summit of the hill is a baronial castle of the Colonna, 

 separated from the town by a drawbridge. Oleva.no, a mediteval town 

 situated in the midst of the most romantic scenery, a few miles north 

 of Qenezzano, has about 3000 inhabitants. Zagarolo, a small town of 

 3600 inhabitants, situated on a long ridge that projects into the plain 

 about 6 miles W. from Palestrina, has some handsome churches and a 

 baronial castle, which formerly belonged to the Colonna. Cattiglione, 

 a small place west of Zagarolo, stands on the site of the citadel of 

 ancient Gabii, of which there are still some remains. The Lake of 

 Gabii, which occupied an ancient crater, and is not mentioned till the 

 5th century, has been recently drained by Prince Borghese. Near the 

 junction of the Osa with the Teverone, a little north of Castiglione, 

 stood Collatia, the scene of the death of Lucretia, the wife of 

 Collatiuus. 



About 12 miles E. from Rome, situated on one of the lower eminences 

 of the Alban Hills, is Fratcati, surrounded by magnificent villas. [Fit AS- 

 CATI.] North-east of Frascati is the ruined village of Colonna, which 

 gave title to the historical family of the Colonna, and occupies the site 

 of the ancient Labicum. South of Frascati, on an isolated hill at the 

 base of Monte Cavi, the ancient Mons Albanus, is Marino, which 

 occupies the site of the ancient Caitrimomium, and has about 5100 

 inhabitants ; it is a well-built town with some interesting churches, 

 which are adorned with fine pictures. Between the hill on which 

 Marino stands and the ridge of Alba Longa is a deep wooded glen, 

 called Parco di Colonna, in which the ancient Latins held their general 

 assemblies. The stream called by Livy, Aqua Ferentina, still traverses 

 it, and may be traced to its source at tho base of a mass of tufa. Near 

 Marino also is Qrolta Ferrata, a small village celebrated for its Basilian 

 monastery, the chapel of which is decorated with magnificent frescoes 

 by Domeniehino. The region of the Alban Hills, the Alban Lake, the 

 town of Albano, Ac., are noticed under ALBA LONOA. Separated by a 

 deep ravine from Albano is L'Ariccia, a small place of 1400 inhabit- 

 ants, which occupies tho site of the citadel of the ancient Aricia, ruins 

 of which are spread about the neighbourhood. The region of the 

 Alban Hills abounds in evidences of ancient volcanic action ; the hill 

 slopes are in many parts covered with vineyards. From L'Ariccia ia 



