BOTH LEY. 



ROUEN. 



3:, 2 



and th* locd* of Ik* Uw. It wai occupied by the Duke of Argyle 

 in IMS. 



Th Iowa sUads on the eaat aid* of lh i.Un.l, t the bottom of 

 OMB b*T. It DM b**o much enlarged along the shore on each aide 

 of U* by by the addition of villas and lodging-bouse* for visitors, 

 ho rasort W in .ummer for bathing. The ruin* of Rothway 



Jn the middle of the town. The town-hall and county 

 bwOdiac*, and the prison* for the county, are adjacent to the ensile. 

 There are two church** of the Establishment, three Free churchea, 

 ' i for United PreabyUrian*. Reformed Presbyterians, and 

 The town U lighted with gu and pos*ea*es baths and 



Clo*e to the pariah church are the ruins of the ancient 



church of St. Mary, one* the cathedral of the biihopric of the isles ; 

 th waUa of the choir, and one or two ancient monument*, are standing. 

 Tber* an a cotton spinning-mill and three power-loom factories, 

 boat-bvildiog yards, and .evend oooperage* in the town. The herring 

 ftahiry U carried on. The harbour U uaed chiefly by the steamers 

 which ply between Olatgow and Loch Fyne. There are a Parochial 

 ahool, a Chanty school, and several Congregational schools ; a covings 

 bank , a public library ; and two reading-rooms. Port Bannatyne, a 

 villac* in the pariah, about 2 miles N. from Rothesay, has several 

 ' in the herring fishery. It is frequented in the 



rbybathera. 



ROTHLEY. [Lncnra&HiBE.] 



ROTH WELL. [NORTH AiirroxsnniK.] 



ROTODA. fBAUUCATA.] 



ROTTERDAM, the capital of the Dutch province of South Holland, 

 and now perhapa the most commercial town in the Netherlands, is 

 ritnated in 51* 55' N. lat, 4 29' E. long., on the right bank of the 

 Maa*, about twenty milea from the mouth of that river, and has about 

 90,000 inhabitant*, of whom about 4000 are Jews, 25,000 Roman 

 Catholic*, and the remainder Protestants of different sects. It is in 

 the form of a triangle, the base of which, about a mile and a half in 

 length, extends along the Maas. It derivea its name from the little 

 river Rotte, which runs through the middle of the city, aud falls into 

 the Maas. The town is surrounded by a moat, and has six gates 

 toward* the land and four towards the river. The part called the 

 Binnenatad ('inner town') baa many narrow streets, and is separated 

 by the High-street (Hoog-straat) which ia built along the dyke that 

 ""h*"fr' the river, from the outer town (Buitenstad), which contains 

 fin* bouaea, and ia intersected by numerous canals by which the 

 largest merchantmen can come up and unload at the very doora of the 

 warehouses. Along the Maas are many fine quays, the handsomest of 

 which, called the Boomtjea, consists of a long row of stately houses 

 facing the river, with a broad and deep canal in the rear, parallel to 

 the river. Rotterdam ia connected by canal with Helvoetsluys, and 

 by electro-telegraphic wires and railways with the Hague, Amsterdam, 

 and Antwerp. The cathedral of St. Lawrence contains the tombs of 

 D* Witt*, and several other admirals. This church, the statue erected 

 to Eraamua (a native of the town) in the market-place, and the dock- 

 yards are the chief objecta of attraction in the town. There are also 

 many churchea and chapels of the Dutch and Scotch Calviniats, 

 French Protestant*, Baptists, and Roman Catholics, a synagogue, &c. 

 British residents are numerous at Rotterdam, and for their accommo- 

 dation there are three chapels one for members of the Church of 

 England, one for members of the Church of Scotland, and one for 

 Independents. The Exchange is larger and handsomer than that of 

 Amsterdam. The other principal buildings are the new town-house, 

 the Admiralty, the Academy, the Dutch theatre, the magazines of 

 the East India Company, and some manufactories. The commerce of 

 Bntterdsm extends to all parts of the world, and embraces almost 

 very kind of produce and manufacture. Steamers ply regularly to 

 Du***ldorf, Antwerp, London, Hull, Ac. The imports and exports 

 consist of similar items to those of Amsterdam. The annual value of 

 th* importe ha* been roughly estimated at 10 millions sterling, the 

 apart* at about 7 millions. Rotterdam contains many valuable col- 

 of work* of art, an academy of sciences, a public library, a 



ntiautn vntafiv au^Kru-ila ***] AV..i_\.l- I 1:1... j.: 



BtnOprison, many schools, and charitable institutions. 



ROTTERDAM, NEW, one of the islands which constitute the 

 group of th* Friendly or Tonga Islands, ia aituatcd in 20 15' S. lat., 



4' 48' W. long. It was discovered by Tasman (1643), and named 

 N*w Rotterdam, but it ia now better known by the native name 

 oka, or Kamooca. The island ia about twelve miles in circum- 

 and in the middle there ia a lagoon which is a mile and a half 

 arose The island i* low, and surrounded by a sea with regular 

 sounding*. [FR1WDLT ISLAXM.] 



ROTTI. [ScvDA bLuma.] 



BOUBAIX. [NORD.] 



at th* census of 1851. Rouen occupies the site of the 

 Atomaomt, capital of the Celtic V.Uocasse*. Under the 

 K was th. ohief town of Lugdunensis Secunda. It was taken 

 plundered by the northmen in *.D. 841 or 842, and it became 

 tbir capiul by virtue of the treaty between Rollo and Charlea the 

 himple. It continued to be the residence of the dukes of Normandie 



HI.. I ; I 



till William the Conqueror made the conquest of England. [Non- 

 MANDIF..] After the murder of Prince Arthur at the instigation of 

 John in 1204, the city was taken after a siege by Philippe Auguste, 

 king of France, and annexed with the rest of the duchy to the crown 

 of Franco. 



From this time Rouen was subject to the kings of Franco till 

 1418-19, when it was besieged by the English under Henry V. The 

 town was resolutely defended by a small garrison of 4000 men, under 

 their gallant commander Alain Blauchard. As the town militia 

 mustered 15,000 men, the population of Rouen at the time may be 

 estimated at not leas than 50,000 or 60,000. Famine at last compelled 

 the garrison to surrender, and Henry V. tarnished the fame of hU 

 victory by the execution of the gallant Blonchard. For thirty years 

 after this Rouen remained in the hands of the English, who here in 

 1431 burnt the heroic Joan of Arc in the square since called from her, 

 the Place de-la-Pucelle : the spot is marked by a fountain surmounted 

 by a statue of the Maid of Orleans. In 1449 the city was recovered 

 by the French, under Charles VII. In 1562 the Huguenot party 

 succeeded in seizing the town, almost without resistance, and com- 

 mitted great excesses. On October the 26th of the same year it was 

 taken, after a siege, by the Duke of Guise, who gave it up to pilla'.-e 

 for eight days. The massacre of St. Bartholomew extended to this 

 town, but the humanity of the governor somewhat checked the 

 excesses. In 1593 the city was taken by Henri IV. after a siege of 

 eight months. 



The city stands on the right or north bank of the Seine. Its form 

 approximates to an oval, defined by the boulevards, which form a Hue 

 of street adorned with trees, and occupying the site of the ancient 

 walls, except on the side of the river, where the city is bounded by a 

 line of quays. Separated from the city by the boulevards are the 

 faubourgs Cauchoise on the west, Bouvreuil on the north-west, 

 Beauvoisine on the north, St.-Hilaire on the north-east, Martainville 

 on the east, and Eauplet on the south-east. South of the city, from 

 which it is separated by the Seine, is St.-Sever, the most important of 

 the suburbs. Opposite the central part of the city the river was 

 formerly crossed by a floating bridge supported by 19 barges. .Ju.st 

 below this may be seen, at low-water, the ruins of a stone bridge, 

 erected in the 12th century by the empress Matilda, daughter of 

 Henry I. of England, and carried away by a flood in 1564. Opposite 

 to the upper and lower parts of the city and suburbs are two long 

 islands the upper called Ile-de-la-Croix, or Ile-de-la-Moucque ; the 

 lower, the lle-du-Petit-Oay. Between these islands is the harbour for 

 seaborne vessels. At the western or lower end of the lle-de-la-Croix 

 the river is crossed by a stone bridge, divided into two parts by the 

 point of the island. On the point of the island between the two parts 

 of the bridge is a circular area adorned with a column. A suspension- 

 bridge also crosses this part of the river, connecting the city with the 

 suburb of St. -Sever. Above the stone bridge, on the east side of 

 La-Croix islet, lie the large river craft and small steamers that ply to 

 Paris. Two small rivers, the Bobec and the Aubette, traverse the 

 eastern part of the suburbs and city by artificial channels, and flow 

 into the Seine near the stone bridge. On the east side of the city, 

 between the Seine and the Aubette, rises Mount St.-Cathcrine, a bold 

 eminence 380 feet high. On the left bank of the Seine, along which, 

 it extends for about a mile from the south end of the stone bridge, is 

 the principal public walk, Le-Grand-Cours, planted with four rows of 

 fine elms. 



Rouen being an old town is in general badly built. The houses for 

 the most part are built of lath-and-ploster, the timbers uncovered 

 and painted red or black, the plaster frequently coated with small 

 gray slates. Many of these old houses however are highly picturesque 

 and distinguished for their rich carvings and old quaint gothic orna- 

 ments. In general they are very tall and very narrow, which adds to 

 the singularity of their appearance ; but mixed with these are other 

 houses of white brick or stone, and really handsome. The frequent 

 rains, by cleansing the streets, render the town less unhealthy than it 

 would be ; and beneficial changes introduced of late years have con- 

 tributed to the same result The broad quays, with the river covered 

 with craft of all size?, from the light ekiff to vessels of 300 tons 

 burden in front, and a line of warehouses behind, form at once the 

 busiest and most agreeable part of the town. On the western side 

 of the city and suburbs are some handsome straight streets lined with 

 good stone-houses. The squares and other open spaces are numerous, 

 but for the most part very irregularly laid out ; the Champ-de-Mars, 

 adjacent to the eastern boulevards, and the Place-du-Boulingrin, used 

 for the cattle and horse market, adjacent to the northern boulevards, 

 ore of more regular form. The Place St-Ouen, orPlace-de-l'H6telde- 

 Ville, is large, and planted with trees. 



The cathedral, the most remarkable building in Rouen, is a noble 

 gothic edifice, cruciform, with two towers at the extremities of 

 the west front, and a lofty tower and spire over the intersection of the 

 nave and transepts. The interior, which ia lighted by 130 magnificent 

 painted gloss-windows, has a total length of 434 feet, and a width of 

 104 feet; the height of the nave is 90 feet, that of the aisles 45 feet; 

 the transept, each end of which is lighted by a magnificent rose 

 window, is 175 feet long; at its intersection with the nave four 

 massive pillars aupport the lantern tower, on which rests a beautiful 

 pyramidal cast-iron spire, the summit of which is 433 feet above the 



