S&3 



ROUEX 



ROXBURGHSHIRE. 



351 



pavement. The west front, which opens upon a spacious close, is 

 about 170 feet wide; the towers by which it is flanked are of dis- 

 similar architecture, though of nearly equal height (245 feet). The 

 summit of the west front is crowned by a range of open screens, with 

 the lightest and most elegant tracery. There are three deep doorways 

 in the front; the central, which is the largest, projects like a porch 

 before the others, and U surmounted by a pyramidal canopy of open 

 stone-work, partly concealing the great ruse-window behind. The 

 northern tower of the western front, called the tower of St.-Romain, 

 a one of the oldest portions of the church. The southern tower is 

 of a very rich pointed architecture, and was built in 1699 by Cardinal 

 D'Amboise. The interior of the cathedral contains 25 chapels, includ- 

 ing the Lady-Chapel at the end of the choir, and many interesting 

 monuments, including those of Rollo and his son, William Longue 

 Bpee. The monuments of Henry the younger, son of Henry II. ; of 

 hi* brother Richard Cceur-de-Lion (whose heart was buried here) ; of 

 Charles V. of France ; of John, duke of Bedford, and others were 

 destroyed by the Huguenots. The heart of Coeur-de-Lion was dis- 

 covered in 18.18, and is now deposited in the sacristy. The library 

 was plundered during the Revolution ; the staircase of the room 

 which contained it u remarkable for its delicacy and beauty. The 

 extensive palace of the archbishop, adjoining the cathedral, contains 

 some good paintings. 



The abbey church of SL Ouen, the noblest gothic edifice in Rouen, 

 was rebuilt in the 14th century. It is a cruciform building, with a 

 central tower and two western tower*, which jut out diagonally from 

 the angles of tha western front, and were intended to be connected 

 by a porch of three arches, extending along the lower story of the 

 westeiu front : the towers were for a long time raised ouly to about 

 fifty feet. The lightness and purity of the architecture; the flying 

 buttresses, with crocketed pinnacles and unusually lofty shafts ; the 

 beautiful south porch ; the large rose or circular windows ; the balus- 

 trade of varied quatrefoils round both the body of the church and the 

 aisles ; the painted windows, the whole of which have been preserved ; 

 and the rich central tower, 296 feet high, and terminated by an octa- 

 gonal crown of fleurs-de-lis, entitle this church to the highest admira- 

 tion. Its dimensions are little inferior to those of the cathedral itself. 

 This splendid church was completely restored at the expense of the 

 nation in 1852. There are in all 14 Catholic churches, several of 

 Roman architecture. Under the choir of the church of St-Gerrais 

 then is a crypt which i* said to be 16 centuries old; this church, 

 situated in the Cauchoise suburb-, belonged to the abbey of SU-Oervais, 

 in which William the Conqueror died. 



The Palais-de-Justice, or court-house, a gothic structure built in the 

 15th century for the Parliament of Rouen, forms three sides of a 

 quadrangle, of which the fourth aide connUU of an embattled wall 

 and a gateway of elaborate architecture. In the I'lace-de-la- Puerile is 

 an h6tel ornamented with bas-reliefs, representing the interview of 

 Henry VIII. and Francois I. in the Field of the Cloth of Gold. There 

 are a town-ball, formerly part of the abbey of St.-Ouen, a clock-tower, 

 some remains of the ancient castle, and a few fragment* of the town- 

 wall ID apartment* in the town-hall are kept the public li> r.iry of 

 about 40,000 volume*, and a collection of paintings. The Martaiuville 

 barracks, in the square of the Cbamp-de-Man, ha* an imposing front ; 

 the Hotel Dieu. or great hospital, is spacious and airy; and the Halle*, 

 or covered market', are considered to be among the finest in France. 

 They surround on three sides one of the public squares, and form 

 several conveniently arranged and extensive apartments. The Mercery 

 Hall, or Halle-des-Kouenneriw, is 295 feet long by (5 feet wide ; the 

 corn-market is still larger. These hall* occupy the site of the old 

 castle, the scene of I'rince Arthur's murder. A considerable number 

 of handsome fountains are distributed through the street* and squares 

 of the city. Among other structure* of the town may be mentioned 

 the archiepiacopal palace, near the cathedral ; the custom-house and 

 consular buildings, on the qnays ; and the theatre, barracks, and 

 Bicetre prison. Among the more recent buildings, the railway termi- 

 nus, on the left bank of the river, by which trains from Pans reach 

 Rouen, and the terminns on the right bank, from which the railways 

 to Havre and Dieppe diverse, deserve special mention. Opposite the 

 custom-house a statue of Boieldieu (who was a native of the town) 

 was erected a short time ago. 



Rouen rank* next to Lyon among the manufacturing towns of 

 France; it is the principal seat of the cotton manufacture. The 

 spinning-machine* are driven by water or by steam power. Hand- 

 weaving is also actively carried on. One Urge class of the productions 

 of the town U known by the name of ' Rouenneries,' which compre- 

 hend chiefly checked and striped cottons for women's dresses. Nan- 

 keen* are manufactured to a great extent Kerseymere* also are 

 manufactured. Dyeing cottons and woollens, calico-printing, and 

 bleaching by chemical processes are carried on to a considerable 

 extent. To the above manufacture* may be added dimities, munlins, 

 lace, bed-ticking, woollen hosiery, silk- and cotton-velvet, shawls, 

 handkerchiefs, fabrics of mingled silk and cotton, ropes, blankets, 

 flannel,, hats, combs, preserved meat*, liqueurs, sue>p, chemical pro- 

 ducts, paper, haberdashery, steam-machinery and mill-work, shot, 

 shsr> lead, cotton- and woollen-yarn, Ac. There are also numerous 

 sugar-refineries, bleach-works, tan-yards, ship-yards, breweries, saw- 

 mill*, copper- and iron-foundries, Ac. 



ucoo. PIT. vou IV. 



The western part of the city is the mercantile part ; the centre is 

 chiefly occupied by retail traders; and the eastern part ia inhabited 

 by the manufacturing population. Tha Faubourg-St.-Sever is also 

 occupied by persons engaged in manufactures. In the northern f>art 

 of the town, and in the Faubourg-Cauchoise, on the western side, the 

 gentry and persons not engaged in business chiefly reside. Ship- 

 building is carried on along the bank of the Seine. Above 100 vessels, 

 including steamers, belong to the port. The industrial products of 

 Rouen are shipped to all parts of the world ; and its commerce is said 

 to be largely on the increase. The entries into the harbour for sea- 

 borne vessels in 1848 numbered 1695, and in 1849, 1972; the total 

 arrivals and departures in 1852 numbered 6215 vessels, carrying an 

 aggregate burden of 541,355 tons, and 37,724 men. 



The river (which opposite Rouen is 1000 feet wide and 36 feet deep) 

 forms a commodious port, divided by the stone bridge into two parts, 

 the upper devoted to the large boats which convey goods to Paris and 

 other places higher up the river, the lower part to seaborne vessels. 

 The direct distance of Rouen from the sea is about 45 miles, but the 

 length of the navigation is almost twice that distance. The influence 

 of the tide ia sensibly felt at Rouen, and vessels of 250 or 300 tons 

 can get up to the town. The ready communication of Rouen with 

 the capital and with other towns, by the navigation of the Seine and 

 by railroads, has made it a place of considerable trade, independently 

 of its manufacturing population. The articles of trade are wine, 

 brandy, cider, corn, fruits, grocery, raw products used in the manu- 

 factures of the town, dyestufls, drug*, timber, iron, slates, pitch, 

 tar, &c. 



Rouen, besides being the capital of the department, is the seat of 

 an archbishop, of a High Court of justice for the department of Euro 

 and Seine-Infe'rieure, of tribunals of first instance and of commerce, 

 of a council of prud'homme-i, and of the head-quarters of the 2nd 

 Military Division. The archbishop's diocese comprehends the depart- 

 ment of Seine-Infe'rieure ; LU suffragans are the bishops of Bayeux, 

 Kvieux, Scez, and Coutancee. The city also has a mint, accustom - 

 house, two seminaries for the priesthood, a school of uiedicin.-. a 

 college, museum) of natural history and natural philosophy, schools 

 of painting, sculpture, architecture, and navigation, a botanical garden, 

 and an academy of science and art. Among the other institutions are 

 four hospitals, including one for the insane and one for foundlings, a 

 bank, a saving* bank, public baths, and two theatres. Cornuille was 

 bom in Rouen in 1606. 



ROUERQUE. [AVETHO.V.] 



ROUFFACII. [Riim. HAUT.] 



ROUGE. [LoiulNFfcRiEUKi:.] 



ROUJAN. [HkHAULT.] 



ROULERS. [FLASDKBS, >.-/.] 



ROUMEUA. [RcM-lLi.1 



ROUNDSTONE. [GAIWAT.] 



ROUSSILLON, an old province of France, coinciding with the 

 present department of fjSmO*QmavUXmL It obtained its name 

 from the town call, d by the Romans liuscino, tho site of which is 

 marked by an ancient tower now called Ca.,teill or Tour de Rousmllou, 

 near Perpiguuu. Aft*r the decline of the Roman sway in Gaul the 

 country cntne tuccessively into the hands of the Visigoth.', the Sara- 

 ecus, and the Franks, and was for a long time governed by independent 

 count* of it* own. In 1173 the last uf these counts bequ< 

 Rounsillon to the kings of Aragon, who held it till the 17th century, 

 when tho French took possession of it. By the treaty of the Pyrenees 

 in 1659, Roussillon was finally coded to France. 



ROVATO. [BRMCIA.] 



ROVIGNO. [IBTRIA.] 



ROVI'GO, a province of Austrian Italy formerly included in the 

 territory of the Republic of Venice, is bounded N. by the province of 

 Padua, from which it is divided by the Adige, E. by that of Venice, 

 W. by the provinces of Verona and Mantova, and S. by the papal 

 province of Ferrara, from which it is separated by the Po. Tin 1 

 length of the province of Rovigo U 35 miles from east to west, and 

 it* greatest breadth is about 15 miles. The area is 428 square miles, 

 and the population in 1851 was estimated at 153,783. The surface U 

 flat, and crossed by various canals, which communicate with the Po 

 and the Adige. The chief product* are corn, rice, hay, hemp, pul.se, 

 and flax. 



The principal towns are the following : Rovigo, the capital of the 

 province, a bustling modern town, with about 7000 inhabitants, a 

 collegiate church, a government house, a cathedral, and a chapel dedi- 

 cated to the Blessed Virgin, in which are some good paintings. Tim 

 Bishop of Adria resides in Rovigo. [AnniA.] Jtodia, a small town, 

 with a manufactory of fine pottery, and about 4000 inhabitants. 

 Lendinara, 9 miles W. from Rovigo, on the Adigetto, has about 5000 

 inhabitants. 



ROXBURGHSHIRE, Scotland, an inland county, situated on the 

 south-eastern border, u bounded N. by Berwickshire, E. and S.K. by 

 Northumberland, S. by Cumberland, S.W. by Dumfriesshire, W. by 

 Selkirkshire, and N.W. by Edinburghshire. It lies between 65 5' and 

 56' 40' N. 1st, 2 13' and 3" 10' \V. long. Its form is very irregular : 

 U* greatest length from north-north-east to south-south-west is about 

 40 miles ; its greatest breadth at right angles to tho length is 28 miles. 

 It* area i* 720 square miles, or 400,938 acre*, of which about one 



2 A 



