SACRAMENTO CITY. 



392 



IT >1 place* of worship, of whieh 58 b*kof*d to th* Church of 

 rind, it to Methodist*. IS to Bptfate, 6 to Independent*, 1 to 

 ' 1 to Mormons. Th* toUl number of sittings provided 

 Tb* number of dy*cbooU wa. 113. of which 39 were 

 fcirtrt with 81TS nhabn, and 74 were private, with 1230 

 Of ftuKUT^chooU there were 58, with 3038 chola. The 

 Rutland Firmer. 1 and Orarien Club hd 40 members, with 80 volumes 

 in iu library. 

 lil'VO. [BAM, TKRRA DL] 



nvAN. I.UOH. [WMMkna] 



ISSK. (YAHOUAV.) 



RYUE, lal* of Wight, Hmr-hire, a watering place in the parish of 

 Newehureh, it situated on the uorth-eeM ihore of the Me of Wight, 

 oppoaito 8rith**d, in 60* 43' N. Int., 1* 10' W. long., distant 7 miles 

 N.E. by B. from Newport, and 75 mile* S.W. by 8. from London. 

 Th* popuUtion of the town of Ryde in 1851 wu 7147. The living 

 of Newchurch U a vioarag*, with the chapelry of Hyde annexed, in the 

 arrMeecnorr and dioce** of Winchester. 



The town b modem ; the streets are wide and tolerably regular, 

 well pared, and lighted with gas ; and there U a good supply of water. 

 The hninee bring generally rtuccoed, and of various forms and sizes, 

 aad intermingled with the foliage of trees in the numerous gardens, 

 the appearance of the town is very picturesque. The market-house 

 and town-hall form a handsome building of the Doric order, 193 feet 

 by 6 feet. St. Thomas's, Holy Trinity, and 8t James's chapels are 

 subordinate to the parish church, which is 7 miles distant. The 

 Independents, Baptist*, Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, and 

 Roman Catholics have places of worship. National, British, and 

 Infant schools, a literary and scientific institute, and a dispensary are 

 in the town. There are commodious baths near the pier; a neat 

 theatre, libraries, and reading and assembly-rooms, a handsome town- 

 hall, and an arcade of superior architectural character. There are 

 abo the Royal Victoria hospital, a dispensary, a literary institute, a 

 philosophical society, founded in 1851, especially for the prosecution 

 of meteorological studies. One of the finest buildings in the town is 

 the recently-erected mansion of the Royal Victoria Yacht Club. The 

 town exports corn, flour, sheep, calves, lambs, &c., and East and West 

 India ships frequently call here for supplies of provisions. Tuesday 

 and Friday are the market-days : a pleasure fair is held on July 6th. 

 Boat- and yacht-building are carried on, and occasionally larger vessels 

 are built. The pier extends 1740 feet into the sea, and forma an 

 excellent promenade. The vicinity of Ryde is very beautiful, and 

 contains many handsome mansions. A landing may be made in calm 

 weather at all times of the tide. Communication by steam-boat with 

 Portsmouth is kept up hourly in summer and from four to BIX times a 

 day in winter. 



RYE, Sussex, a market-town, a municipal and parliamentary borough, 

 a seaport, a member of the Cinque Ports, and the seat of a Poor-Law 

 Union, is situated upon an eminence at the south-eastern corner of 

 th* connty of Sussex, about 38 rnilf* E.N.E. from Lewes, 63 miles 

 K.K from London by road, and 74 miles by the South-Eastern railway. 

 Tb* population of the town of Rye in 1851 was 8541. The borough 

 is governed by 4 aldermen (or jurats) and 12 councillors, one of whom 

 is mayor; and, in conjunction with Winchilsea and six rural parishes, 

 returns one member to the Imperial Parliament. The living is a 

 vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lewes and diocese of Chichester. Rye 

 Poor-Law Union contains 12 parishes and townships, with an area of 

 S9.M9 acres, and a population in 1851 of 12,349. 



Rye U bounded E. by the river Rother, the channel of which was 

 suddenly diverted from Romney by the tempest that overwhelmed 

 Old WmehilMa in 12S7, and S. and W. by the river Tillingham, which, 

 having received the waters of the Brede immediately above the town, 



joius the Rotber at Rye ; the united stream enters the sea nearly two 

 miles below the town, and there forms Old Rye harbour. Rye is sup- 

 posed to be the Kovus Portus of Ptolemy. The earliest authentic 

 record of Rye is of the year 893, when the Danes, under the pirate 

 Hastinges, effected a lauding near this town, and afterwards took 

 Appuldore. In the reign of Stephen, William d'lpres, earl of Kent, 

 erected on an eminence which commands the rivers at their junction, 

 a small castle, which is still standing. It is now used as a jail ; imme- 

 diately below it is a modern battery for 18 guns. In 1194 a charter 

 was granted by Richard I., enabling the inhabitants to wall and fortify 

 the town. Edward III. caused the town to be walled on the north and 

 west sides. The steep cliffs which were at that time washed by the sea 

 were considered a sufficient protection on the south. There were 

 originally three gates, besides a small postern-gate. The eastern or 

 land-gate, the only one still preserved, has a handsome gothic arch, 

 flanked on each side by a round tower. In 1572 Rye became an asylum 

 for the Huguenots, who were driven from their homes by Catherine de 

 Medici. They remained at Rye till the latter part of the reign of 

 James I., when they or their descendants re-embarked for France. 



The condition of Rye has mainly depended upon its harbour, which 

 in the 16th century was nearly choked up. The sea continued to 

 recede during the 17th century. In 1750, all hopes of improving the 

 old harbour being abandoned, it was determined to form a new mouth 

 by a canal running directly south into the sea. This work was prose- 

 cuted at a great expense tUl 1778, when the new harbour was found 

 to be a complete failure, and was abandoned. The old harbour was 

 once more resorted to, and was much improved. A wooden pier of 

 piles was constructed on the eastern side, and embankments were 

 thrown up on the western side, leaviug an intermediate entrance 160 

 feet in width. Many alterations have since been made in it by narrow- 

 ing the channel, and otherwise, but the works have been far from suc- 

 cessful. The harbour only admits vessels of 200 tons burden. The 

 average rise of spring-tides is about 17 feet, and of neap-tides from 

 9 to 12 feet at the pier-head. At low water the harbour is dry. The 

 approach from the bay to the entrance of the harbour is intricate and 

 difficult, especially for sailing-vessels, owing to the sand-banks and the 

 tortuous course of the channel. The chief trade consists in the export 

 of hops, bark, and wool, aud in the import of coals, corn, timber, and 

 Dutch produce. Lime is also burnt near the town from chalk brought 

 from Beachy Head, and shipbuilding is carried on. 



The town is pleasantly situated on the northern aud eastern slopes 

 of a hill. The houses are irregularly built. The towii is lighted with 

 gas. The town-hall is a neat brick building supported on arches, with 

 a market-place beneath. The fishery is somewhat productive, and a 

 large proportion of the fish taken is sent to the London market. The 

 market-days are Wednesdays for corn, vegetables, fish, &c., and Satur- 

 days for vegetables, fish, and meat. Every alternate Wednesday there 

 is a market for fat stock, well supplied. An annual fair is held in 

 August. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is partly Norman, and 

 partly in the early English style. The Wesleyan Methodists, Inde- 

 pendents, aud Baptists have places of worship. The chapel of the 

 monastery of the friars eremites of St. Augustine is used as a ware- 

 house. There are two Endowed schools which have been united ; one 

 a Free Grammar school, founded in 1638 by Thomas Peacock, one of 

 the jurats, which has an income from endowment of 34i. 10s. a year, 

 and had 50 scholars in 1854, and the other for poor children, founded 

 and endowed by James Saunders, Esq., in 1702, with a rent-charge now 

 producing 1162. 10s. per annum. There are National schools aud a 

 savings bank. 



RYSWYK. [HOLLAND, South.] 



RYTON. [DURHAM.] 



RZESZOV. [GALICIA, Austrian.] 



CAALKKLD. . 



8AAK-UMUK. [Ruin, HAS.] 



8AAKBROCK. [TUtvn.] 



BAARLOU1R [tktTM.1 



SAATZ. [Bon-] 



SABA, a mall island in the W*tt Indies, belonging to the Dutch is 

 Ho*ted in 17- 40- N. lat, 3' 20' W. lonj The%oast ri,e, in per" 

 peodkular ma*M. to a ooiuiderable elevation, and at a distance the 



"" 1 '' 



> round roek - 



is effected only on 



T"" 1 '?'?! "V ' iUef> - ony on 



th. i *tmth aid*, where an artificial path has been made, which however 

 fa fa*noate and admits ^only one person at a time. By this path a 

 mall plao. U reached which b butft in a secluded valley. ThVarea 

 w bland U about 15 tquare mile*. The small portion of it which 

 fa cultivable is appropriated to the growth of cotton, which the inhabit 

 nto work into stockings, for sal* a* well as for their own u>e. The 



wSJlLZJbtb^iow * ln<lie * C0ine * I>erfection - The 



BI1IB, RIVRK. ILoriMAiu; TlXAf.] 



SACKATOO, or SAKATU. [SOODAN.] 



SACKETT'S HARBOUR [NEW YORK.] 



SA.CO. [MAINE, U.S.I 



SACRAMENTO CITY, the capital of Sacramento County, State of 

 California, United States of North America, is situated on the left 

 bank of Sacramento River, at the confluence of American Fork, in 

 38 34' N. lat, 121 40' W. long., about 150 miles N.E. from Sau 

 Francisco. The city was founded in the spring of 1849; in 1850 it 

 contained 6820 inhabitants, of whom only 474 were females; and at 

 the State Census in 1852 the population was above 10,000. 



Sacramento City owes its origin to the discovery of gold, which 

 gave so remarkable an impetus to California generally. It was ou the 

 south branch of American Fork, about 50 miles from Sacramento 

 City, that gold was first discovered. The growth of the city was, 

 from its foundation, remarkably rapid. In April 1849 there were only 

 four houses on the site ; in the following year it was a large aud 

 regularly laid-out town of nearly 7000 inhabitants. The city stands 

 in the midst of a fine farming country, and about 30 miles from the 

 commencement of the gold diggings. Occupying a low Bite, it has 



