HI 



SALTASH. 



SALZBURG. 



406 



the other parts of the province. The vine is extensively cultivated 

 in the same district, and a good deal of common wine made and 

 exported to the neighbouring provinces. The cocoa plant is culti- 

 vated in the department of Oran. In the valleys of the Jujuy and 

 its tributaries tobacco and the sugar-cane are grown in sufficient 

 quantities to supply the whole of Salta, and to furnish exports to the 

 rest of the tipper provinces, and also to Chili. Cotton and indigo are 

 also cultivated to some extent ; and the cochineal insect furnishes a 

 source of profit. Along the valley of the Vermejo there are very 

 extensive forests of valuable timber-trees, as well as the palm, the 

 carob. and other trees which furnish the natives with fruit and a 

 substitute for bread, the mate" plant, &c. The cochineal cactus and 

 the aloe are found in every direction. One of the chief source* of 

 wealth to the province has always been the rearing of mules, which 

 are bought in the southern provinces in a very lean state, acquire 

 strength in the rich pasture* of Salta, and are sent to Pern and Bolivia 

 in large numbers. Before the revolution from 50,000 to 60,000 mule* 

 were annually exported from Salta to Peru alone, but the trade with 

 Peru has greatly declined. In the colder parts of the province alpacas, 

 vicunas, chinchillas, and guanacos are indigenous. The mountains 

 contain gold, silver, copper, and other metals. The mines have not 

 proved very successful ; but the inhabitant! of the valleys obtain 

 considerable quantities of gold after tile rains from the rivers, and in 

 the alluvial soil which has been left by the receding waters. In the 

 desolate country known as the Denplobado are extensive saline plains, 

 from which the inhabitants of the adjacent districts obtain large 

 quantities of salt, which they carry for sale to the towns of Salta and 

 Jujuy. 



Like the other provinces of the Argentine Confederation, Salta is 

 a federal state, owning however little more than nominal dependence 

 upon the central government. The executive power is vested in a 

 governor elected by the junta or provincial assembly. 



So/to, the capital of the province, is situated on the left bank of the 

 Sileta, in the valley of Chicuana, in 24 51' 8. lat, 04* 48' W. long. ; 

 population about 8000. The streets are regular, but narrow. In the 

 central square are the government-house, the cathedral, and other 

 public buildings. Jujuy is built in an extensive basin, surrounded 

 by high mountains, on the banks of the Kio de Jujuy ; population 

 about 3000. It has some traffic, as the carriage-road leading to 

 Bolivia terminates here, and the goods must be transported farther 

 north on mules. At Jujuy begins one of the most extraordinary 

 mountain-posses in the world. A narrow valley extends from the 

 town to the summit of the range called Abra de Cortederas, a dutaaes 

 of 90 miles by the road. The highest summit of this road appears 

 to have an elevation of between 11,000 and 12,000 feet Onm is a 

 small town, founded in 179.1, on the Rio de Tarija, about SO miles 

 above its junction with the Rio de Jujuy. As the centre of very 

 fertile district, Onuj is a place of considerable trade. 



HALT ASH. [CoEXWAU.] 



8ALTCOATS, Ayrshire, Scotland, a burgh of barony, and a small 

 port on the coast of the Frith of Clyde, 81 miles S.W. from Glasgow 

 by road, and 30 1 miles by the Glasgow and South-Western railway. 

 The population hi 1861 was 4888. A large portion of the popu- 

 lation is employed in weaving for the Glaorow and Paisley manufac- 

 tnrers : they produce gauss*, shawls, fte. Many women are employed 

 in sewing and flowering muslin. Magnesia is extensively mannfao- 

 The harbour admits vsessli of 200 tons burden. Some ship- 

 g is carried on. Saltcoats possesses a handsome chapel of ease 

 and a Free church, in both of which the services are frequently con- 

 ducted In the Ouelic language ; two chapels for United Presbyterians, 

 a parochial school, a subscription library, and a public reading-room. 

 The town is frequented in summer by sea-bather*. In the vicinity 

 are several collieries. 



8ALTFLEBT. [LnfcouraRTJUL] 



HALTILLO. [MBxroo.] 



8ALUEN, RIVKR. [Brmm.] 



8ALITZZO. [Cow.] 



SALVADOR, SAN. [SA SAtTADOic] 



8ALVATIKRRA. [BASQUE Pftornicfs.] 



SALVETAT. [Avrmojr ; HtBAVtT.] 



SALZBURG, a crownland of Austria, formerly the duchy of 8al- 

 burg, is bounded W. by the Tyrol and Bavaria ; V. by Bavaria and the 

 crownland of Upper Austria ; E. by the same crownland and Styria ; 

 l>y Illyria. The area is 2489 square miles; and the population 

 > was 148,007. It is a mountainous country, covered by the 

 Alps, which on its southern frontier branch out from the 

 Rhsttian Alps. High mountains screen the valley of the Salzach for 

 the greater part of its length, sad numerous lateral valleys open into 

 it, divided from each other by branches of the principal chains, and 

 traversed by rapid torrents. The principal valley, one >( the most 

 lovely that has been formed by nature, and adorned by the industry 

 of man, begins in the western corner of the country, runs first to the 

 east, then to th north, and is inclosed on the right side, along the 

 southern frontier, by lofty mountains, the continuation of the central 

 Alpine*chain, which passing through the Tyrol, to the eastern frontier 

 of HeJzburg, forms an almost uninterrupted chain of glaciers, here 

 called Kees, with all the varieties of Swiss scenery, defiles, avalanches, 

 cascades, lakes, Ac. Borne of these mountains are covered with per. 



petual snow. The chain of calcareous rocks which accompanies the 

 central Alps to the north forms the frontier on the other sides, and its 

 highest points are 8382 feet above the level of the sea. The country 

 is open to the north only where the Salzach issues from the moun- 

 tains, and forms a fruitful plain, which however is marshy iu some 

 parts. The Salzach, the principal river, is a feeder of the Inn. The 

 lakes are numerous ; that called the Zellersee is ten miles long and 

 above two miles broad. Of the many mineral waters, the hot springs 

 of Gastein are the most celebrated. The cascade of the Krimmler 

 Ache, about 5 miles above the village of \Vald in the south-western 

 angle of the province, is the most striking in Austria; the torrent 

 falls in five breaks from the height of above two thousand feet, forming 

 at last a magnificent arch. There are other very fine cascades. The 

 climate is severe. Even in the neighbourhood of the city of Salzburg 

 the hills, which are much lower than those of the south, are covered 

 with snow by the end of September, though it does not lie perma- 

 nently till November. In the south the winter lasts, with little inter- 

 mission, from the beginning of November till April, and storms and 

 frosts do not cease till the end of June. The heat in summer is 

 very great in the valleys, and vegetation is rapid. Most of the 

 valleys are very fruitful, and produce corn, flax, and fruit, 

 which thrives even at the foot of the mountains. The middle moun- 

 tain region is covered with forests of fir, larch, and pine, and the 

 upper with fine Alpine pastures, which afford subsistence to numerous 

 herds of cattle, and to a breed of remarkably strong and large horses. 

 There are chamois goats, marmots, bustards, and heath-cocks. The 

 corn produced is in general of excellent quality, but not sufficient for 

 the home consumption. The products of the mineral kingdom are 

 gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, cobalt, arsenic, rock crystal, marble, 

 saltpetre, salt, sulphur, asbestos, and serpentine. The once cele- 

 brated mines of gold and silver now yield little ; those of copper, iron, 

 lead, and arsenic are very productive, and the salt-works and marble- 

 quarries are very important The country people make their own 

 clothing. The inhabitants are a robust race. 



In ancient times Sakburg was inhabited by the Celts, who, as 

 dwellers on the Tauern (which is the name they still give iu their 

 language to the mountains), were called by the Romans Taurisci. 

 SaUburg was in the province of Noricum, the capital of the province. 

 Hadrian planted a colony in Juvavium, or Juvavia, the old capital of 

 Noricum, which occupied the site on which the city of Salzburg now 

 stands. The decline of the Roman power led to the ruin of Juvavia, 

 which was plundered and destroyed by the Heruli. The country was 

 nearly a desert when the pious Scotchman, Hrodbert (Ruprecht or 

 Rupert), arrived there towards the end of the 7th century, and con- 

 verted the natives to Christianity. A monastery and church were built 

 for him in SaUburg, and richly endowed. Arno, the seventh successor 

 of 8t Rupert, was raised in 798, by Pope Leo III., to the arohiepisoopal 

 dignity. 



SALZBURG, the capital of the crownland of SaUburg in Austria, 

 is situated in 47 48' 10' N. lat, 13 V 32" E. long., on the banks of 

 the Salsa or Salzach, over which there is a bridge 870 feet long and 

 40 feet wide. The situation is one of the most picturesque in Germany. 

 The city is surrounded with an amphitheatre of lofty mountains, which 

 form a noble background to the view. The river runs between two 

 isolated mountains of breccia, the Monchxberg on the left and the 

 Capucinerberg on the right, leaving in many places only a narrow 

 space on the banks, on which the city is built The streets are narrow 

 and crooked, and the squares small, but regular. The houses are 

 built of red marble from the neighbouring quarries, with flat roofs. 

 The archbishops adorned the city with so many splendid buildings, 

 chiefly in the Italian style, that Salzburg was called Little Rome. It 

 is surrounded with walls and bastions, and has eight gates, one of 

 which, called the new gate, is a tunnel cut through the Monchnberg, 

 415 feet long, 39 feet high, and 22 feet broad. Salzburg gives title to 

 an archbishop since A.D. 798. The university, founded in 1620, was 

 abolished in 1800, and a lyoeum or academy established in its stead, 

 which has a library of 88,000 volume*, 20 professors, and 310 pupils 

 (hi 1850), a botanical garden, and a geological museum. The monas- 

 tery of St. Peter has a library of 40,000 volumes. The city has a 

 theatre, four hospitals, a lunatic asylum, and many other charitable 

 and useful public institutions. The cathedral is built (1614-68) in 

 the Roman style, with a facade of white marble. It is a building 

 of great architectural merit adorned with many statues of white 

 marble, and good paintings. 8t Peter's church contains the tombs of 

 Haydn and St. Rupert. In the cemetery at the back of this church is 

 shown the original cell occupied by St. Rupert, who introduced 

 Christianity into this part of Europe : he died A.D. 623. The cell is 

 now inclosed in the chapel of St.-^gidins. The university church, 

 liuilt in lC'.>-17ii7, is in a mixed Greek and Roman style. St. Mar- 

 garet's, a handsome edifice, was built in 1485. The Benedictine 

 church has some beautiful painted-glass windows executed in 1480. 

 The palace called the Winter Residence Is a very extensive building 

 ornamented with columns : it is now uel for public offices. The 

 square In front of it is adorned with the finert fountain in Germany, 

 46 feet high, made entirely of white marble. On the opposite side of 

 the square in a magnificent palace called the Neuban, now belonging 

 to the emperor. The town-house and the palace of Count Kerenburg 

 are also splendid buildings. The stables for 180 hones are accounted 



