SAKDEQNA. 



SARDINIAN STATES. 



no 



.__ of Sardinia, and give up the castle of Cagliari into 



the han.U of the Ooo<e ; but tha prisoners themselves, it U reported 

 protected arainit recovering their liberty at such a prioe. 



lit 1323 Jamie, king of Aragon, who had bn iu vested with the 

 ovtrrignty of the island by Pope* Boniface VIII. aud Clement V., 

 Mot the Infante Don Alouio to mke a descent upon the island. 

 The Infante being joined by Hugo, judge of Arborea (whose plot for 

 IIM tuning the Plains throughout the inland had been successfully 

 Mooted) and some of the native leaders, besieged Igletias, and after 

 MTtral months' resistance oompelle I the Finn garrison to capitulate. 

 He then proceeded to blockade Cagliari by sea and land. A Pisau fleet 

 of 63 galleys arrived in the gulf in the spring of 1324, and landed a 

 body of troops, which were joined by some of the natives, but beiug 

 defeated by the Aragonese, a treaty was concluded by which Sardinia 

 was given up by the republic to the crown of Aragon, on condition 

 that the Piaan inhabitants and their property should be respected, and 

 that the castle and suburbs of Cagliari, with the port, and the adjoin- 

 ing lakes should remain in posse-sion of Pisa, ou payment of an annual 

 tribute as a sign of homage to the king of Aragon. This arrangement 

 did not last long. In the following year, the Pisan squadron being 

 entirely defeated by the Aragonese in the Bay of Cagliari, the town 

 was evacuated, and Sardinia was entirely lost to Pisa. But the judges 

 ware no more inclined to submit to their new masters than to the 

 Pisans, and for many years they carried on a destructive warfare 

 against the Aragonese, At last Peter the Ceremonious, king of Aragon, 

 landed in 1354 with a strong force at Porto Conte, and having traversed 

 and pacified the principal part of the island, made his public entry 

 into Cagliari, where in April of the following year, with a view of 

 checking the influence of the factious chiefs, he convoked a general 

 parliament, after the model of the Cortes of Spain, consisting of pre- 

 lates, peers, and commons, which was called ' Stamenti,' or Estates. 

 He thus laid the foundation of a representative government in Sardinia, 

 which still subsists. Brancaleone Doria, head of the Genoese faction, 

 who bad married Eleanor, daughter of Mariano, judge of Arborea, 

 offered his services to the king of Aragon to bring the whole of Sardinia 

 into subjection ; but bis wife put herself at the head of a strong party 

 of natives, who named her sou judge of Arborea. Brancaleone, who 

 had gone to Spain, was detained there as a hostage, and after fruitless 

 negotiations Eleanor took the field, being joined by the people of 

 (ja.liira, and drove the Aragonese from almost the whole northern 

 division of the island. She ruled for several years by the name of 

 ' Qiudicessa,' but in fact as queen of Sardinia, and she compiled for 

 her subjects the ' Carta de Logu," or Code of Laws, which remains in 

 force with few modifications to the present day. This remarkable 

 woman died of the plague in 1403, and her only son dying in 1407, 

 without issue, the Sards invited over the viscount of Narbonne, husband 

 of Beatrice, Eleanor's sister. But the viscount found an opponent in 

 Brancaleone Doria, who after his wife's death had taken possession of 

 Arborea, and was supported by the Genoese in the north. In the spring 

 of 1409 an Aragonese army, under Martin, son of Martin of Aragon, 

 landed and entered Cagliari, and from thence, with 8000 foot and 3000 

 horse, he marched against the forces of both Doria and the viscount, 

 who had united against him. A battle took place at San Luri, in June 

 1409, in which the Aragonese obtained a complete victory ; Doria was 

 taken prisoner, and the Viscount fled precipitately. Martin however 

 died shortly after of the malaria fever, and the Viscount continued to 

 carry on the war. At last Alfonso V. of Aragon obtained the formal 

 cession of the province of Arborea in 1428, by paying 100,000 gold 

 florins to the heir of the late viscount of Narbonne, and the whole 

 island became subject to the crown of Aragon. In 1492 Ferdinand 

 the Catholic established the Inquisition in Sardinia, and ordered the 

 expulsion of all Jews who refused to bo baptised, and their synagogues 

 to be converted into churches. From that time the Jews have not 

 beau tolerated in Sardinia. 



By the union of the crowns of Aragon and Castile, Sardinia became 

 an appendage of the vast SpnnUh monarchy, and was ruled for two 

 centuries by triennial viceroys sent from Spain. In the war of the 

 Spanish succession, the mountaineers of Gallura having declared them- 

 stives for Charles of Austria, an English fleet under Sir John Leake 

 appeared before Cagliari, and the viceroy capitulated, and the island 

 acknowledged Charles ; but by the peace of Utrecht in 1713, Charles 

 having resigned his claims to Spam, Sardinia was given to him as 

 emperor. In 1717 Albtroni, the minister of Philip V., sent a large 

 force in the midst of peace, under the Marquis de Lede, which took 

 possession of Sardinia in less than two mouths. By the treaty of 

 London of 1720 Philip was obliged to restore Sardinia, which was 

 finally given to Victor Amadeus, duke of Savoy, who then assumed 

 the kingly title. From that time the history of Sardinia becomes 

 closely connected with that of the house of Savoy. 



In December, 1792, the National Convention, having declared war 

 in the name of the French republic against the king of Sardinia, sent 

 a larg fleet under Admiral Truguet to attack the island. The French, 

 who attempted a lauding at Cagliari and Quartu, were repulsed by the 

 natives, who are generally good marksmen, and accustomed to the 

 use of fire-arms. The admiral, after uselessly bombarding the town 

 for several days, re-embarked the soldiers and sailed away. 



The king of Sardinia, pleased with his insular subjects, invited them 

 to ask for anything that they might think useful for the island. The 



Sards demanded, 1, the convocation of the stametiti ; 2, the confirm- 

 ation of their laws, customs, and privileges ; 3, that all office* iu the 

 island, except that of viceroy, should be held by natives; 4, the 

 establishment of a council to advise the viceroy ; 5, permission to 

 send a minister to reside at Turin and watch over their interests. The 

 Piedmontese ministers however dissuaded the king from listening to 

 the petition ; situations continued to be filled with Piedmoutese ; aud 

 the consequence was that insurrections broke out in 1794 and 1795, 

 and the commander-in-chief and the intendant-general were killed by 

 the people of Cagliari. By the mediation of the archbishop of 

 Cagliari however, and of the Pope, a general amnesty was proclaimed 

 in 1796, and some of the demands of the islanders were granted. 

 Charles Emmanuel IV., driven away by the French from his conti- 

 nental states, landed at Cagliari in March 1799, and was received with 

 enthusiasm. The king however returned soon after to the continent, 

 and in 1802 abdicated in favour of his brother Victor Emmanuel, who, 

 having lost all hopes of recovering his continental dominions, repaired 

 to his island kingdom in February 1806, and continued to reside in 

 Sardinia till the fall of Napoleon iu 1814. 



SARDINIAN STATES, the dominions of the House of Savoy, 

 constitute a monarchy, the head of which derives his title of kiug 

 from the island of Sardinia, These states consist of 1, the ducby of 

 SAVOY; 2, the principality of PIEDMONT; 3, the duchy of GENOA; 

 4, the county of NIZZA; 5, the island of SARDKQNA. The continental 

 territories have an area of 19,775 square miles. The population in 

 1848 amounted to 4,368,972. The total area of the kingdom, including 

 the island of Sardinia, is 29,075 square miles (about one-seventh of the 

 area of France), and the total population in 1848 amounted to 4,916,084 

 (less than one-seventh of the population of France at the census of 

 1851). The continental territories are divided into 11 administrative 

 divisions and 39 provinces; the area and population of which are 

 given in the following table : 



An account of these divisions and their chief towns is given under 

 their respective heads. 



Each province is administered by a governor called Inteudente, 

 appointed by the king. The province is an aggregate of communes; 

 each commune has a sindaco, or mayor, who is subordinate to the 

 intendente. For judicial purposes each province has a court, called 

 Tribunale di Prefettnra, which sits in the chief town. The provinces 

 are divided into districts called Mandamenti, in each of which there 

 is a justice of the peace, who has a secretary. There are in all 412 of 

 these mandauienti. There are four supreme courts, which are also 

 courts of appeal. The supreme court of Turin has jurisdiction over 



