SARDINIAN STATES. 



SARDINIAN STATES. 



nnunlnniil by UM long struggle between the pope and the 

 to rt their independence of all vanakga except the 

 ooe to the empire. Humbert crowed the Alpi in 1097; 

 ad not being strong enough to attack all his opponent*, he made 

 a treaty of alliance with the town or commune of Ati and ite bishop, 

 by confirming UM newly acquired liberti.s of the citizen* of 

 A*ti, and by ceding to them aeveral village! ami territories, and 

 neuring to them free paatage and protection throutthout his Burguu- 

 dian or Transalpine Urritone*. Humbert died in Savoy in 1103, and 

 wat buried in the oatheilral of Moutiers in Tarantaaia. By his wifa 

 Oisla of Burgundy he had a ton, who succeeded him by the name of 

 Amadeut III., and a daughter Adela or Adelaide, who married 

 Louis VI., king of Kr.moe. 



Amadetu III. received from Henry V. of Germany the investiture 

 of all Savoy as an Imperial county. Amadous recovered alia in part 

 hi* ancestral Italian dominions, and, above all, the city of Turin, of 

 which be was acknowledged lord in the year 1131. Count Amadeus III. 

 proceeded with the crusade to Syria, and died of disease at Nicosia in 

 the island of Cyprus, in the year 1148. He was the founder of the 

 magnificent abbey of Hautecombe in Savoy, which was for ages after 

 the burial-place of his descendants. HU daughter Matilda married 

 Aftm^. l. ( the founder of the Portuguese monarchy. 



1140-88. Humbert III., called 'the Saint,' son of Amadous III., 

 nooerdrd him a* count of Savoy and marquis of Italy. Ha compelled 

 Manfred, marquis of Saluzzo, to acknowledge himself his vassal. But 

 the emperor Frederick I. deprived him of part of bis dominions, among 

 the rest of Turin, creating the bishop of that city prince of the empire. 

 Frederic also burnt the town and castle of Susa in 1 1 74, when the 

 archive* of the houne of Savoy are said to have perished in the flames. 

 Humbert was fond of religious retirement, and spent much of his time 

 in the abbey of Hautecombe. He died in 1188. 



1188-1233. Thomas I. succeeded his father Humbert III. Philip 

 of Suabia restored to him all the titles and prerogatives of which his 

 father had bren deprived by Frederic I. Thomas purchased the 

 eigDory of Chambdry, and enlarged the town and built the castle. 

 Until this time Aiguebelle had been the capital and residence of the 

 counts of Savoy. Count Thomas died in January, 1233. 



1233-58. Amadeus IV., son of Thomas, recovered the dominion 

 over Turin, and he was created by Frederick II. duke of the Chablais 

 and of Aoata. He died in 1253, and was buried at Hautecombe. 

 Amadeus gave up to bis brother Thomas, count of Flanders, the ' utile 

 dominium ' of his Italian states with the title of count of Piedmont, 

 retaining however the suzerainty for himself. 



1253-U3. Boniface, the infant son of Amadeus, was placed under the 

 guardianship of his uncle Thomas, count of Flanders. The people of 

 Turin having revolted again and being supported by the free city of 

 Asti, took Thomas prisoner. When Boniface became of age. he crossed 

 the Alps, and laid siege to Turin, but the Marquis of Montferrato, 

 and Charles, count of Anjou, marched against him and took him 

 prisoner. Boniface died in prison at Turin, and left no issue. 



12(53 68. Peter, son of Count Thomas I., and uncle of Boniface, 

 born in 1203, succeeded to his nephew. By affinity, he was uncle of 

 Henry III. of England, who bad married Eleanor of Provence, 

 daughter of Beatrix of Savoy, Peter's sister. In 1241 Peter had 

 repaired to England, and had been received with great honours by 

 Henry and his consort. Henry made him earl of Richmond, and gave 

 him for his residence a palace near London on the banks of the 

 Thames, which was from that circumstance called Savoy House. 

 Peter's first care on his accession was to reduce the city of Turin, in 

 which he succeeded after a long siege. Peter afterwards obtained the 

 inheritance of Hartmann, count of Kyburg, who had married Peter's 

 lister, and who died without issue in 1264. This inheritance extended 

 along the northern banks of the Lake of Geneva, and through this and 

 the grant* of former emperors to Peter's ancestors the house of Savoy 

 became txMeeued of the whole of the Barony, now the Canton of 

 Vaud in Switzerland. Peter died in the castle of Chillon on the shore 

 of the Lake of Geneva, in 1268, and was buried at Hautecombe. He 



ft only one daughter by his wife Agnes, hi-iress of the barony of 

 Fauci.-ny. This daughter, Beatrix, made subsequently a donation of 

 that barony to Amadeus V. 



1268-84. Philip I., Peter's brother, succeeded him as count of 

 Savoy in his old age. He died at the castle of Roussillon in the Bugey 

 leaving no iisue. 



S5-1323. Amadeus V., styled the Great, son of Thomas, count of 

 Flanders, succeeded hii uncle Philip. He made frequent wars with 

 the dauphin of Vienne and with the counts of Geneva, whom he 

 repeatedly defeated. He gave Piedmont in 6ef to his nephew Philip 

 who, bavin* married, in 1804, Isabella of Villehardouin, heiress of the 

 principalities of Achiia and Morea, received the investiture of the 

 ame from Charles 1L of Anjou, king of Naples and count of 

 8 he went to Avignon, to induce Pope John XXII. 

 to preach a crusade in order to save the Byzantine empire, and whose 

 emperor, Andrunicus the Younger, married Anna of Savoy, daughter 

 of Amtideus. Amadeus fell ill and died at Avignon, 1328. 



1-28. Edward, ton of Amadeux, succeeded him. He had to 



repel the repeated attacks of the dauphin of Vienne, the count of 



>va, au | the baron of Faucigny, who were leagued against him. 



At last, through the mediation of Philip of Volois, king of France 



peace was made. The count of Savoy, in 1328, led a body of men to 

 join king Philip against the Flemish, and contributed to the defeat of 

 the latter by the French at Mont Casnel. After the termination of 

 that war Count Edward went to Paris, where he fell ill aud died, in 

 November 1329, leaving no male imue. 



1330-43. Ayuion, Edward's brother, was proclaimed his successor 

 by the states of Savoy, in preference to Edward's daughter, who wag 

 married to the Duke of Brittany. His reign was peaceful He applied 

 himself to improve the administration. He created the office of 

 chancellor as the head of the judicial order ; and he also established 

 a supreme council of justice at ChambeVy, to hear appeals from the 

 local courts. Aymon married Yolande, daughter of Theodore Palseo- 

 logus, marquis of Montferrato, aud son of Andronicus the Elder, 

 emperor of Constantinople. He died at Moutmdliau in 1343. 



1843-S3. Amadeus VI., son of Aymon, succeeded. His long reign 

 was eminently successful. He drove away the Anjous from Southern 

 Piedmont ; he defeated the Marquis of Montferrato, who was leagued 

 against him with the Visconti of Milan ; he received the voluntary 

 allegiance of Chieri, Mondovi, and other towns ; and he consolidated 

 and greatly extended the dominion of the house of Savoy on the 

 Italian side of the Alps. 



1383-91. Amadeus VII. succeeded his father Amadeus VI. He 

 soon after proceeded to the assistance of Charles VI. of France against 

 the united Flemish and English, and distinguished himself in several 

 actions. On his return home, he made the important acquisition of 

 the county of Nice, the people of which chose him for their sovereign 

 in 1388. Amadeus VII. died in 1391 of a fall from his horse, while 

 hunting the boar in the forest of Lorues in the Chablais. 



1391-1440. Amadeus VIII., son of the preceding, succeeded his 

 father. By the extinction of the line of the counts of Geneva, he 

 inherited the county of Genevois, and the suzerainty over the impe- 

 rial city of Geneva. He purchased the valley of Ossola from the 

 Uri.-oiis. He obliged the marquises of Saluzzo aud of Ceva to swear 

 allegiance to him ; and he obtained of Filippo Miiria Visconti, duke of 

 Milan, the cession of the town of Vercelli and its territory west of 

 the Sr-sia. In 1418, Louis of Savoy, prince of Morea aud Achaia, aud 

 prince of Piedmont, dying without issue, Amadeus, his next heir, 

 reunited the principality of Piedmont to hia other dominions, which 

 thus extended without interruptiun from the shores of the Lake of 

 Geneva to those of the Mediterranean Sea, and from the Rhone to the 

 Sesia. The emperor Sigismund, on passing through Chambe'ry, 

 formally created Amadeus duke of Savoy, in 1416, confirming all 

 former investitures granted by his predecessors, and moreover 

 debarring all subjects of the house of Savoy from appealing to the 

 imperial chamber from judgments pronounced by the duke or his 

 successors. Amadeus VIII. collected the edicts and statutes of his 

 ancestors, and from them compiled a code of laws for all Savoy, under 

 the title of ' Statuta Sabaudiae,' which he published in 1430. After 

 the death of his wife, Maria Beatrix of Burgundy, in 1434, he retired 

 to the hermitage of Ripaille, leaving the administration of hia i-tate 

 to his son Ludovic. In 1439, the council assembled at Basle called 

 him to the Papal chair, which he filled with the title of Felix V. till 

 1449, when he resigned the tiara to Pope Nicholas V., and retired 

 again to Ripaille. He died in January 1451, at Geneva. 



1440-65. Ludovic, eon of Amadcus VIII., assumed the ducal 

 crown in consequence of his father's abdication in 1440. He married 

 Anna de Lusignan, of the royal dynasty of Cyprus. His second son, 

 likewise named Ludovic, married Charlotte, heiress of that kingdom, 

 and he was crowned King of Cyprus in 1558; but he and his wife 

 were soon after driven away by Charlotte's illegitimate brother, and 

 the island ultimately fell into the hands of the Venetians. The title 

 of King of Cyprus and Jerusalem is still assumed by the representa- 

 tive of the dynasty of Savoy. Ludovic established the university of 

 Turin; he created a supreme court of justice for Piedmont, called a 

 Senate ; and be admitted the barons of Piedmont to the first offices 

 of the state, which had been till then monopolised by the Savoyards. 

 Ludovic died at Lyon, in January 1465, whilst proceeding to the 

 court of his son-in-law Louis XI. of France. 



1465-72. Amadeus IX., son of Ludovic, succeeded him. He was 

 of a pious turn of mind, and remarkable for his charities. He died 

 at Vercelli in 1472. 



1472-82. Philibert, son of Amadeus IX., succeeded him while yet 

 a minor, under the guardianship of his mother Yolaude, sister of 

 Louis XI. The duchess sent a body of troops to join the army with 

 which Charles le Teme'raire, duke of Burgundy, invaded Switzerland 

 in 1476. These troops however almost all perished in the battles of 

 Granson and Morat ; and Charles, fearing that the duchess might turn 

 against him in his adversity, caused her to be eiezed and shut up in 

 the castle of Rouvre. A Piedmontese concealed the young duke 

 Philibert, whom he carried to France to his uuclo Louis XI., who soon 

 after sent an armed party to deliver the duchess from the castle of 

 Rouvre, and he restored both her and her son to their dominion.-.. In 

 1478 Yolande died; and in 1482 Duke Philibert, being now of age, 

 went to Lyon on a visit to King Louis, but died soon after in that 

 city, leaving no issue. 



1482-89. Charles I., Philibert's brother, assumed the ducal crown, 

 and in November 1483 made his public entry into Turin. He died at 

 Pignerol in March 1489, being only 21 years of age. 



