i LUXBUBQ. 



SCHWARZBUKG. 



into the po*rwon of the house of Austria, but in the 

 it recovered iU independence, and allied itself to the 



u ; in 1501 it was received u a member of the Confede- 



Sinn, ntoated at the outlet of the Rhine from the Untersee, 



or Low Lake of Constanz, has a handsome bridge over the Rhine, 

 about 1300 inhabitant*, and ome remarkable old buildings. It carries 

 on a considerable trade in wine. Ariwfo'rrA is a small walled town 

 with 1SOO inhabitanU, 5 mile* W. from Schaffhauien. 

 SCHAl MBl'RO. [Han CAML.] 

 BCHKLOK. [BELGIUM.] 

 BCHKLBBTADT. [Kni.i, BAB.] 

 8CHKMNITZ. (HuxoART.l 



PADY. (Nw YORK, SUto o] 



M MI.VKMMiKX. [HOLLAKD.] 

 SC1IIKHAM. IHOLLAXD.1 



St HIKUMOXICOOO. [KaiESLAirD.] 

 SCHI.ACKKNWALD. [KuEB.] 



8CHLESW1O (Stneig), sometimes called South Jutland, U a duchy 

 belonging to Denmark, situated between 54 20' and 55 20' N. lat, 

 8* 40 P and 10' 5' E. long. It is bounded N. by Jutland, E. by the 

 Little Brit. S. by Holitein, from which it is divided by the river Eider 

 and the Kiel Canal, and W. by the German Ocean. The population 

 in I . r >0 numbered 363,000. The area is 3534 square miles. It is in 

 general a level country. A range of low hills enters it from Ilolsteiu, 

 and, traversing it from south to north, passes into Jutland. The 

 length, from north to south, is about 70 miles, and the breadth, from 

 cut to west, varies from 30 to 56 miles, not including the islands on 

 the east and west coasts. On the west coast there are low and rich 

 marsh lands, which are protected by dykes, 20 feet high, against the 

 spring tides, which often rise to the height of 13 feet. As the sea 

 in many places deposits alluvium, new dykes are erected from time 

 to time, to secure these additions. The principal rivers are the 

 Eider, the Widau, and the Aue. The east coast is not so low as the 

 west cotst, but is equally fertile. The climate is on the whole tem- 

 perate and healthy, but damper and less salubrious on the west than 

 on the east coast The country produces corn, pulse, flax, hemp, 

 rape-seed, hay, clover, garden vegetables, and potatoes. The breeds 

 of horned cattle and horses are excellent The country exports 

 annually corn, great numbers of oxen aud horses, and large quantities 

 of butter and cheese. Fiah too are an important article of exporta- 

 tion. Wood is scarce, both for building and fuel. There are lime- 

 stone, chalk, slate, and turf, but no metallic minerals. The chief 

 occupations of the inhabitanU are agriculture, the breeding of cattle, 

 and the fisheries. There are no manufactories except in the large 

 towns, and these are of little importance. The most considerable are 

 those of lace and stockings, in Tondern, Hiisum, Friederichstadt, and 

 aome other places. The inhabitants, who profess the Lutheran 

 religion, are partly of German, partly of Danish, and partly of Frisian 

 descent According to the ' Royal Almanac' of 1854, 29,000 of the 

 inhabitants speak Frisian; 122,000 Danish; 125,000 Low German; 

 30,000 a dialect half Danish half German ; and 51,000, who though 

 they ordinarily speak Danish, have adopted German as the language 

 of the schools and churches. 



The islands on the east coast are Arroe, ALSEN, FiinR, and Femern. 



Arr6t lies off the eastern coast, due south of the island of Funen, 



and at the south entrance to the Little Belt It has an area of 32 



square miles, and a population of about 7000. Its level surface is 



broken only by a lake, called Wilt-tee. The soil is very fertile ; but 



there are no trees on the island. ArroetkiSping, on the eastern side 



of the island is the capital ; it has a convenient harbour, formed by 



the opposite shore of the island of Deyerbe, with which Arroe is 



united by a bridge. The population of Arroeskibping is only about 



Mantall, a market-village, and fishing station, on the west 



ast, has also about 1500 inhabitants. Femern is separated from 



the north-east point of Holsteiu by a narrow channel, the Femersund ; 



I U about 16 miles long and 12 miles broad, the area 63 square miles, 



the population 9000. This island produces abundance of wheat, 



\fj, and peas. The inhabitants manufacture large quantities of 



bariey-groaU and peeled barley for exportation ; they likewise export 



umually 20,000 pairs of worsted stockings to Mecklenburg. The 



ne are very productive. There is a lighthouse, 100 feet high, 



The chief town is Burg, or Borg, which has 1700 



inbabiUnU. On the west coast are BomSe, or Rom, 7 miles lone by 



> mile, wide : Sylt, 20 miles long, 15 miles broad, has 4000 inhabitants 



it of the men are sailors and fishermen ; the business of agricul- 



i chiefly performed by the women, who also manufacture worsted 



kings. Nordttrand was a large island, which was visited by a 



dreadful inundation, October 11, 1634, when 6408 persons and 50,000 



head of cattle perished, and the island was broken into fragments, of 



:-h only two, Nordrtrand and Pellwonn, have been secured by 



Theee islands are the resort of seals and waterfowl Many 



Is of UMM water-fowl are annunlly taken, boiled in vinegar, 



icked in barrel, for exportation. Between these larger islands 



many small ones, without dykes, the construction of which 



d be too cxpenive. They are inhabited by descendants of the 



,. who, during the inundations, have their abode on the 



ScUetwig, the chief town of the duchy, is situated in 54 30' N. lat, 

 9 36' E. long., in a pleasant country at the mouth of the river Slcy, 

 which forms a small shallow bay (Slie Fiord) obstructed by fund- 

 banks. It is a long irregularly built town ; the houses are mostly of 

 brick, and resemble in neatness those of a Dutch town. The principal 

 public buildings are the churches, of which the cathedral deserves 

 notice on account of a carved wooden screen before the altar ; the 

 town-house, the orphan asylum, the poor-house, and the nunnery of 

 St John. Among the numerous public institutions are a cathedral 

 school, and a deaf and dumb asylum. The population is about 12,000. 

 There are manufactures of china, earthenware, lace, cambrics, thread, 

 leather, sailcloth, woollens, starch, and refined sugar. On an island 

 in the bay is the castle of Gottorp, formerly the residence of the 

 dukes of Schleswig-Holstein. A little south of the town are remains 

 of the famous fortified Danish wall, erected in the 9th century. The 

 Sley has been rendered navigable, and tho navigation by means of 

 small vessels of 200 tons and under is considerable. 



Besides APKNRADE and FLENSBORO the following are the most con- 

 siderable towns in the duchy : Eckernfordc, with 3500 inhabitants, 

 has a good harbour on the east coast, and trades in corn. Fricdrich- 

 itadt, on the Eider, a well-built town, founded by Dutch settlers, has 

 3000 inhabitants, who have manufactures of silk, cotton, hosiery, starch, 

 and lackered wares. Siiium, on the west coast, with 4500 inhabitants, 

 has a grammar-school, distilleries of spirits from potatoes, breweries, 

 manufactures of leather and tobacco, and a considerable trade in corn 

 and cattle. Tondern, or Tundern, on the river Widau, has 3600 

 inhabitants. It has a good port, with trade in corn and cattle, an 

 oyster-fishery, and manufactures of cotton and lace. Tanning, a sea- 

 port aud trading town at the mouth of the Eider, has 2200 inhabitants. 



The railway from Altona to Rendsborg is continued to Schleswig 

 and Flensborg, whence a line through Hiisum runs to Tonniug at the 

 mouth of the Eider. From Hiisum a branch line runs direct to 

 Rendsborg. 



SCHLEUSENGEN. [EBFCRT.] 



SCHLUSSELBURG. [PETERSBURG, Government of.] 



SCHMALKALDEN. [FULDA.] 



SCHNEEBERG is a mining town in the circle of Zwickau, 

 in the kingdom of Saxony, situated in 50 38' N. lat., 12 35' 

 E. long., on a mountain called the Schneeberg, about a league from 

 the western Mulde, from which there is a canal, on which timber is 

 floated to Schneeberg. The town is said to have been built in 1471, 

 when some new and very rich veins were discovered in the silver- 

 mines that hod been worked for a long period. On the partial exhaus- 

 tion of the silver-mines, the attention of the people was devoted to 

 cobalt and the manufacture of smalt. At present cobalt and silver 

 are the chief products of these mines. Bismuth, lead, tin, and iron 

 are likewise found in the neighbourhood. Schneeberg is a very well 

 built town ; the principal church, the handsomest in the province, 

 and the largest in Saxony, is adorned with paintings by Lucas Kranach, 

 Among the public institutions are a gymnasium, several schools, an 

 orphan asylum, and an hospital. The inhabitants, about 8000 in 

 number, manufacture bone-lace, blond, gold and silver lace, morocco 

 paper, and lackered wares. There are also manufactures of chemicals, 

 and beer breweries. Schneeberg is the seat of a mining-court, and 

 the depository of the produce of the royal smalt-works at Ober- 

 schlema. 



SCHONEBECK. [MAGDEBURG.] 



SCHONEN. [SWEDEN.] 



SCHOONHOVEN. [HOLLAND.] 



SCHORNDORT. [Jxii.] 



SCHWABACH, a thriving manufacturing town of Bavaria, in the 

 circle of Middle Franconia, is built on the banks of the Schwabach, 

 a feeder of the Regnitz. It is a well built town surrounded with 

 walls, with four gates, and has one French Protestant and two 

 Lutheran churches, two chapels, a synagogue, an hospital, a lunatic 

 asylum, a house of correction, and a poorhouse. There are manu- 

 factories of cotton and of needles. The latter produces every week 

 4,000,000 common needles, 100,000 English darning, packing, and 

 other needles, and employs about 500 workmen. There are also 

 manufactures of gold and silver lace, plate, stockings, tobacco, paper, 

 hats, sealing-wax, soap, and beer. The number of inhabitants is about 

 8000. The confession of faith of his party, drawn up by Luther for 

 the German reformers at Schwabach, in October, 1529, is called the 

 Schwabach Articles. The south German reformers refused to sub- 

 scribe to them, on account of the strongly expressed opinion of the 

 real presence in the Lord's Supper. These articles, which were 

 adopted by the confederates at Schmalkalden, were a chief obstacle 

 to the union of the parties of Luther and Zwingli. 



SCHWARZBURG is a German principality consisting of two con- 

 siderable portions detached from each other, of which the southern- 

 most is called the Upper County (Ober-herrschaft), and the northernmost 

 the Lower County (Unter-herrschaft). The Upper County (which has an 

 area of 423 square miles) lies on the north side of the Thuringer-Wald, 

 between 50 34' and 50 55' N. lat, 10 50' and 11 20' K. long. It 

 is bounded by the Prussian territory and the Saxon duchies, and is 

 traversed by the rivers Gera, Saale, Ilm, and Schwarze. The Lower 

 County (area 274 square miles) lies between 51 13' aud 51 25' N. lat, 

 10" 30' and 10 17' E. long. It is almost surrounded by the Prussian 



