17 I 



SEBENICO. 



SEINE. 



471 



was the seat of the commerce of the Genoese, who for a timo exercised 

 great authority throughout the whole Chersonesus. 



SEIiEXICO. [DAUHTIA.] 



SEBERGHAM. [CUMBERLAND.] 



SEBSEWAR, or SUBSEWAR. [PERSIA.] 



SECCHIO. fPo.] 



SECHEM. [PALKSTIHE.] 



SECLIN. [NoRB.] 



SEDAN. [ARDKXKES.] 



SEDBERGH, West Riding of Yorkshire, a market-town, and the 

 seat of a Gilbert's Poor-Law Incorporation, in the parish of Sedbergh, 

 it situated in a sheltered and fertile vale, in 54 20' N. lat, 2 30' W. 

 long., distant 78 miles W.N. W.from York, and 263 miles N.N. W.from 

 London. The population of the township of Sedbergh in 1851 was 

 The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Richmond and 

 diocese of Ripon. Sedbergh Poor-Law Incorporation contains the three 

 townships of Sedbergh parish, with an area of 52,882 acres, and a 

 population in 1851 of 4574. 



Besides the church there are in Sedberg places of worship belonging 

 to \Vesleyan Methodists, Quakers, and Independents. The Free Gram- 

 mar school was founded by Dr. Roger Lupton, provost of Eton. The 

 endowment amounts to about 6002. a year ; and there are 3 fellow- 

 ships and 10 scholarships in St. John's College, Cambridge, for students 

 from this school. In 1S54 the school had 90 scholars. There are also 

 National and British schools, and several parochial charities. 



SEDGEF1ELD, Durham, a market-town, and the seat of a Poor- 

 Law Union, in the parish of Sedgefield, is situated on an eminence in 

 64* 39' N. Ut, 1 26' W. long, distant 11 miles S.S.E. from Durham, 

 and 252 miles N.N.E. from London. The population of the township 

 of Sedgefield in 1851 was 1362. The living is a rectory in the arch- 

 deaconry and diocese of Durham. Sedgefield Poor-Law Union con- 

 tains 23 parishes and townships, with an area of 43,953 acres, and a 

 population in 1851 of 8501. The parish church, dedicated to St. 

 ud, is one of the handsomest in this part of the county : it has 

 parts in early English, decorated, and perpendicular styles. The Wes- 

 leyao Methodists and Roman Catholics have chapels. The Grammar 

 chool is free to 14 boys ; in 1854 it bad 70 scholars. The market is 

 held on the first Friday in each month for hogs. Fairs are held on the 

 first Fridays in April and October. 

 LEY. [Si 



SKDI.ITX. [EoiR.] 



HE ESS. [ORJTB.] 



i.BERG. [HOLSTKIX.] 



SKGESTAN. [SZMTAB.J 



INI. [FROUS05K.] 



SI :< JO is the capital of Bambarra, a country situated in that part of 

 Africa which is called the Sudan. The town stands on both sides of 

 the river Jotiba, near IS* N. Ut and 5* W. long. Mungo Park states 

 that the Sego properly consist* of four distinct towns, two on ths 

 northern bank of the river, called Sego Korro and Sego Boo, and two 

 on the southern bank, called Srgo Sou Korro and Sego See Knrrn. 

 They are all surrounded with high mud walls ; the houses are built of 

 clay, of a square form with fiat roofs ; some of them have two stories, 

 and many of them are whitewashed. Besides these buildings there 

 are many Moorish mosques. The streets are narrow. Park estimated 

 the number of inhabitants at about 30,000. The king of Bambarra 

 resides: at Sego See Korro. At several places there are canoes belong- 

 ing to the king for conveying people over the river. Sego carries on 

 considerable commerce. The surrounding country is well cultivated. 

 [BAMBARRA; NIOKR.] 



8EOORBE. [VAI.IXCIA.] 



SEGOVIA. [('ASTILLA LA VIJUA.] 



8EORE, RIVER [CATALDKA.] 



8EGKE. [MAisr-rr Loii'E.] 



SEOURA. [M0RCIA.1 



SEHNAH. jPmsMA.] 



SEI X E, the Roman Stqututa, a river in France, rises in the height* 

 of Laugres, near the town of Cbanosaux in the department of Cdte 

 d'Or, and tows north-west pact Chatillon-sur-Seine, Bar-sur-Seine, 

 Troyes, Romilly, Montereau, Melun, Corbeil, Paris, Mantes, Elboeuf, 

 Rouen, and Havre, just below which it falls into the sea : its whole 

 course is about 470 miles. Its source is 1426 feet above the level of 

 the; sea; at Troyes it is 331 feet above the same level ; at the junction 

 of the Loing between Montereau and Melun, 184 feet; at Corbeil, 

 147 feet; and at Rouen, 111 feet. Its principal affluents on the right 

 bank, in the order in which they join, are the Aube, the Marne, the 

 Oise, and the Epte ; and on the left bank the Yonne, the Loing, the 

 Eure, and the Rille. The Seine and its tributaries abound in fish ; 

 the sturgeon, the salmon, the sole, the shad, the eel, the smelt, and 

 other fish are caught in it 



By means of a lateral canal between Msrilly and Troyes, and locks 

 to avoid the Call at N'ogent-sur-Seine, the river is navigable from its 

 month to Troyes, a distance of 370 miles. Large river barges and 

 small steamers ply on the Lower Seine and as high ss Paris ; and 

 recently a vests! has sailed direct to Paris from Rio Janeiro without 

 breaking bulk. The tide ascends the Seine as far as Rouen, to which 

 city ordinary sea-going vessels of 300 tons and under a-cend. The 

 navigation of the Seine and it* tributaries is facilitated by the canals 



of Ourcq, St.-Denis, and St-Martin, which connect the Ourcq with the 

 Seine at Paris and at St.-Denis, and by some short cuts'; it is con- 

 nected with that of the Saone and Rhdne by the Canal-de-Bourgogue, 

 which connects the Yonne, between Auxerre and Joigny, with the 

 Saoue at St-Jean-de-Losne ; and with that of the Loire by the Loing 

 Canal, which connects the Seine with the two canala of Orleans and 

 Briare, of which the former joins the Loire just above Orle'aus, the 

 latter at Briare. The canal of St.-Queu.tin and the Oise connects the 

 Seine with the Schelde. The total navigation of the Seine and its 

 tributaries is about 900 miles in length. 



The Seiue has a generally slow current ; and its sinuosities, espe- 

 cially below Paris, are very great, and tend to render the navigation 

 tedious. The lowest bridge over the river is at Rouen. The shifting 

 sands at the mouth of the river, and the shoal* in its bi-d, formerly 

 impeded the ascent of larger vessels than from 250 to 300 tons. Re- 

 cently great works have been constructed between Villequier and 

 Quillebceuf, to confins the current in the sestuary of the river to a 

 naiTower bed ; thus a greater depth of water has been obtained, and 

 the increased force of the stream has swept the passage clear of sands. 

 The facilities afforded by this river for the supply of various articles 

 for the markets at Paris are of great importance : corn, flour, wine, 

 hay, wool, hemp, hides, fire-wood, timber for building, coal, sandstone, 

 millstones, and iron are brought down from the districts above the 

 capital; while corn, flour, wine, cider, butter, fish-oil, flax, hemp, wool, 

 pitch, resin, drugs, colonial produce, and manufactured goods are 

 carried up from places below the city. Between 4000 and 5000 sea- 

 going ships, besides coasters, enter aud leave the harbours of Rouen 

 and Havre annually. 



The scenery in the upper part of the river is tame and monotonous ; 

 but from Paris to Rouen, and still more from Rouen to the sea, it 

 presents a more interesting appearance. The Seine is not subject to 

 great overflows. 



SEINE, .the metropolitan department of France, is surrounded by 

 the department of Seine-et-Oise. It lies between 48 43' aud 48 58' 

 N. lat, 2 30' and 2 33' E. long., and is nearly circular in form. Its 

 greatest length is 18 miles, its breadth 16 miles ; its area is 184 square 

 miles. The population in 1841 was 1,194,603 ; in 1851 it amounted 

 to 1,422,065, giving 7728-61 to a square mile. Although the smallest 

 of the French departments, it exceeds them all in amount aud density 

 of population. Of the area, 103-3 square miles are inclosed by the 

 great bastioned wall lately erected around Paris. [PARIS.] 



The surface of the department is tolerably level ; some heights, as 

 those of Montmartre and Chaumont on the north side of Paris, rise to 

 the height of 270 or 300 feet above the valley of the Seine. Mout- 

 Valerien in the west of the department, the highest hill in the neigh- 

 bourhood, is not more than 446 feet above the sea-level. The depart- 

 ment is occupied by the tertiary formations inclosed within the chalk 

 basin of Paris. These formations include limestone, gypsum, and marl. 

 They yield excellent building-stone, of which there are immense quarries 

 in the plain of Montrouge, and excellent plaster. Fine clays for porcelain 

 and pottery are raised at Sevres and various other points of the depart- 

 ment; also sand fur glass-foundries. There are mineral waters at Auteuil 

 and Passy ; the latter, which are chalybeate, and valued for their astrin- 

 gent and tonic qualities, are the only ones which are frequented. 



The department belongs altogether to the basin of the Seine. That 

 river traverses it from south-east to north-oast in a very winding 

 course. The Marne enters the department on the east side, aud has 

 a winding course of fifteen miles before it joins the Seine. Both these 

 rivers are navigable throughout. The Ourcq Canal enters the depart- 

 ment on the north-east side, and runs about six miles to the basin of 

 La-Villette, from which the canals of St-Denis and St.-Martin com- 

 municate with the Seine. The St.-Maur Canal shortens the navigation 

 of the Marne, above Charenton, by avoiding oue of its longest reaches. 

 All the great French railways cross the department converging on 

 Paris, where they are connected by a circular railroad. [FitANOl, 

 vol. ii., cul. 1077.] Fifteen imperial highways concentrate on the 

 metropolis ; many of them, planted near the city with double rows 

 of lofty trees, form noble avenues to Paris. The department in 

 traversed also by 81 departmental and several communal roads. 



The department contains about 120,000 acres, a large portion of 

 which is laid out in gardens for the growth of vegetables, fruits and 

 flowers for the supply of the capital The quantity of corn produced 

 in the department, when its limited area is taken into account, is 

 very far above the average of the departments in every species of grain 

 which is cultivated in it ; and in potatoes it exceeds the average of 

 the departments, even without taking its limited area into the account. 

 But little wine is made, aud that little is bad. A great number of 

 horses, asses, and dairy cows are kept Montreuil, two or three miles 

 east of Paris, is celebrated for its peaches ; Grand-Charonne, close to 

 Paris on the east, for its grapes ; and Foutenay, four miles south-west 

 of Paris, for its strawberries and roses, which latter are grown for the 

 apothecary and the perfumer, and give to the place its designation 

 of FoDtenay-aux-Roses. NanU-rre, in the north-west of the depart- 

 ment, is also celebrated for the growth of roses. Vitry-sur Seine, on 

 the left bank of the Seine, above Paris, is surrounded with nursery- 

 grounds for rearing fruit-trees and ornamental trees. 



The park of Vinoennes, east of Paris ; the forest of Bondy, on the 

 north-east ; and the Bois-de-Boulogne, on the west of the city, are 



