SHKFFOBD. 



SHERBROOKE. 



524 



______ i and about 700 subscribers; a literary and 



-HV^-h'hH (oeMy, with a museum ; an athcnirum, with reading- 

 raecDS, libnrr, Ac. ; a mechanic* institution and lyccura, with library, 

 mrlliM iiinin* lecture-room, Ac.; and a Church of England instruction 

 sobrtj. with (list n. a library, a book-club, and a museum. 

 TV public buildings consist of the town-hall ; the Cutlers' -hall ; 

 erected in 1SSO by the Duke of Norfolk, who 



owns the groand upon which a large portion of the town is built ; 

 UM MW market-hall, or the Norfolk market, opened on Christmas 

 err, 1861, a spsxooas structure 2M feet by 115 feet, with a roof of 

 into and glass, erected by the Duke of Norfolk at a cost of about 

 40.000A; the fire-office, the assay-office, the assembly-rooms and 

 tluw'rr, the music-hall, two news-rooms, and the public baths. The 

 OMMUry is an extensive and well laid-out piece of ground of about 

 U acre* in extent, on the slope of a hill about a mile from the town. 

 The botanical garden*, which are of considerable extent, are for 

 beauty of situation unrivalled. 



Anton*; the charitable institutions are the General Infirmary, a 

 noble building, on the north-west side of the town, with fever wards 

 erected near it ; the dispensary, and the Shrewsbury hospital, esta- 

 blinhed and munificently endowed by the Earl of Shrewsbury, and 

 which has been re-erected on a new site in a simple yet elegant style 

 of architecture. In this hospital 20 poor men and 20 poor women 

 hare dwellings and weekly allowances. Hollis's hospital for poor 

 women, widows of cutlers, provides for 17 almswomen and a governor, 

 allows stipend* to several clergymen and schoolmasters, and sustains 

 a school for 70 children. The Licensed Victuallers' Asylum, near 

 Orimsthorpe, erected in 1848, consists of a row of neat cottages in 

 the Tudor style. Several valuable charities are under the manage- 

 ment of the Cutlers' Company. There is a savings bank in the 

 town. 



There are two public bodies which are in possession of property 

 applicable to the benefit and general improvement of the town, 

 namely, the town trustees and the church burgesses. The principal 

 manufacture of Sheffield is that of cutlery in all its branches, indeed 

 of everything that can be fabricated of iron or of steel The vast 

 buildings used for grinding by steam form one of the peculiarities of 

 Sheffield. Of the artisans of the town the B[. ring-knife makers and 

 the table-knife makers form the largest classes. Silver-plate and 

 plated goods form also one of the staple manufactures of Sheffield. 

 Its plated goods have a deserved reputation for strength and dura- 

 bility. Brass-foundries are numerous. Britannia metal, a superior 

 kind of pewter composed of tin, antimony, and regulus, forms a 

 cheap article of common use and great consumption, the manufacture 

 of which occupies many hands. A superior but more costly kind of 

 white metal called German silver is also largely wrought Brushes, 

 buttons, combs, and optical instruments are made here to a consider- 

 able extent; and there are various other manufactures connected 

 with the staple commodities of the town, such as cabinet-case makers, 

 engravers, haft and scale pressers and cutters, powder-flask and shot- 

 belt makers, silver-refiners, wood-turners, &c. There are also many 

 mercantile houses, some of which confine themselves to the home 

 mark. U, while others export to the Continent, to Brazil, the Cape of 

 Good Hope, acd various other parts of the world, but far beyond any 

 other in importance, to the United States of America. Quarter and 

 petty sessions and a county court are held in the town. Tuesday 

 and Saturday are the market days; fairs are held on the Tuesday and 

 Wednesday in Trinity week, and on the 28th of November. 



In the vicinity of the town are many pleasant walks, and numerous 

 good mansions, occupied by Sheffield merchants and other wealthy 

 persons. About a mile E. from the town is the large village of 

 AUerdifc ; population of the ecclesiastical district of Attercliffe, 3000 

 in 1851. The inhabitants are employed in occupations similar to 

 those pursued in Sheffield. Besides the district church, called Christ 

 church, erected in 1822 at a cost of about 14,000*., there are places 

 of worship for Wcslcyan Methodists and Independents; a Town 

 school. National schools, some almshouses, and a few minor charities. 



SHEFFORD, Bedfordshire, a decayed market-town in the parish of 

 Cunpton, is situated on the right bank of the river Ivel, in 52 2' 

 N. lat., 0" 20' W. long., distant 10 miles S.E. from Bedford, and 

 II miles N.N.W. from London. The population of the township of 

 Bbefford in 1851 was 1052. The living is a perpetual curacy in the 

 archdeaconry of Bedford and diocese of Ely. Shefford had formerly 

 weekly market on Friday, but it has long been discontinued. Four 

 fairs are held annually, of which two, on January 23rd and Easter 

 Monday, are considerable marts for sheep and cows. There are here 

 tho parochial chapel, a Roman Catholic chapel, a Free school, and an 

 Infant school. At Shefford the Ivel has been converted into a navi- 

 gable canal 



8HEKI. [OIOBGIA.] 



U!i:u.\K. [NOVA SCOTIA.] 



BHELBYVILLE. [ISDIAKA.] 



.KURD, <;KKAT. [CAMBBiDOHsmM 1 



i:i.UFF, 1IIVKR. [ALofcau.] 

 SI IK I. TON. [.SIAU-ORDMIIM.1 ' 



8HE.VDY. [NPB.A.1 



SHEPPEY, ISLE OF, a liberty in the county of Kent, which give* 

 name to a Poor- Law Union. Sheppey Poor-Law Union contains seven 



parishes, with an area of 31,083 acres, and a population in 1851 of 

 1S.385. The Isle of Sheppey is described under KENT. 



SIIKPTON MALLET, Somersetshire, a market-town, and the seat 

 of a Poor- Law Union, in the parish of Shepton Mallet, is situated in 

 a valley watered by a small feeder of the river Brue, in 51 11' 

 N. lat, 2 32' W. long., distant 18 miles S.W. by S. from Bath, and 

 116 miles W.S.W. from London. The population of the town of 

 Shepton Mallett in 1851 was 3885. The living is a rectory in tho 

 archdeaconry of Wells and diocese of Bath and Wells. Shepton 

 Mallet Poor-Law Union contains 24 parishes and townships, with on 

 area of 49,657 acres, and a population in 1851 of 16,957. 



Shepton Mallet is a place of some antiquity ; it is called Sepetou 

 in Domesday Book ; but, becoming afterwards part of the territory of 

 the Malet family, took the additional designation of Mallet. The 

 principal street is broad and well built, lighted with gas, and paved. 

 The church, a large and handsome cruciform structure, is on the east 

 side of the market-place. It has a tower at the west end surmounted 

 with a spire. The Wesleyan Methodists, Independents, Roman 

 Catholics, and Unitarians have places of worship. The Free Gram- 

 mar school, founded in 1627, which is free to 15 boys, has an income 

 from endowment of 151. a year, with a free house for the master. It 

 had 50 scholars in 1854. There is also a National school. The 

 county bridewell is at Shepton Mallet The principal manufactures are 

 those of woollen-cloth, serge, sail-cloth, silks, crape, aud velvet The 

 market on Friday is a considerable corn-market ; there are fairs for 

 cattle on June 18th and August 8th. 



SHERBORNE. [HAMPSHIRE.] 



SHERBOURNE, Dorsetshire, a market-town, and tho seat of a 

 Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Sherbourne, is situated on rising 

 ground on the right bank of the river Yeo, in 50 68' N. lat., 2 30' 

 W. long., distant 18 miles S. by E. from Dorchester, and 117 miles 

 S.W. by W. from London. The population of the town of Sher- 

 bourne in 1851 was 8878. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry 

 of Dorset and diocese of Salisbury. Sherbourne Poor-Law Union 

 contains 30 parishes and townships, with an area of 39,478 acres, and 

 a population in 1851 of 13,073. 



Sherbourue was of considerable importance in the time of the 

 Saxons, who called it ' Sciraburn,' or ' Scireburn.' Ina, king of the 

 West Saxons, on the division of the diocese of Winchester, then the 

 sole bishopric of the West Saxons, made Sherbourne the seat of an 

 episcopal see in 705. The seat of the bishopric was removed, about 

 1075 or 1076, to Old Sarum. A monastery for secular canons was 

 established here after the conversion of the West Saxons. The rule 

 of St. Benedict was afterwards introduced, in 998, and it became an 

 abbey, which continued till the dissolution of monasteries. A castle 

 was built at Sherbourne by Roger, bishop of Sarum, in the reign of 

 Henry I. ; it changed hands once or twice iu the civil war of Stephen 

 and the Empress Maud. It was stormed in 1645 by Cromwell and 

 Fairfax, after which it was demolished. In the reign of Edward III. 

 the town sent representatives to parliament, and at a later period 

 the assizes were often held here. In the time of Leland and Camdeu 

 it was the seat of a considerable woollen manufacture. The clothing- 

 trade declined, was replaced by the manufacture of buttons, bone- 

 lace, and haberdashery, which was succeeded, towards the middle of 

 the last century, by the silk manufacture. 



The town is pleasantly situated, partly on tho slope of a hill, partly 

 in the pleasant vale of Blackmore. The streets are partially paved, 

 lighted with gas, and supplied with water. The church is a large 

 cruciform structure, of different dates, mostly perpendicular. The 

 tower is 150 feet high. The church anciently belonged to the abbey. 

 Attached to the church are four ancient chapels. This church has 

 recently been restored at an expense of about 15.000Z., of which about 

 one-half has been contributed by the Earl of Digby. The Wesleyan 

 Methodists, Quakers, and Independents have places of worship in 

 the town. The King's school, founded by Edward IV. in 1550, has 

 an income from endowment of more than 10002. a year, and has 

 several exhibitions of 40/. a year, tenable for four years, either at 

 Oxford or Cambridge. It is under a head-master and five other 

 teachers, and had 109 scholars in 1854. The school is free to residents 

 in the town or immediate neighbourhood, on payment of 62. a year. 

 The Earl of Digby presented to the school the remains of the abbey, 

 which have been restored, providing a chapel, a (lining-hall, a larger 

 school-room, studies, &c. A school for girls is supported by the Earl 

 of Digby. There are also a National school for boys, an Infant school, 

 and a savings bank. There are several ancient houses iu the town. 

 The town-hall and market-house are near the church. There are several 

 Bilk-throwing mills, and some of the inhabitants are employed iu 

 sewing gloves for manufacturers in Yeovil. Markets are held on 

 Thursday and Saturday, of which the Saturday market is the most 

 important; there are three yearly fairs. 



The remains of the castle, which occupied au area of four acres, are 

 on a rocky eminence at the east end of tho town. In the fine 

 pleasure-grounds which surround the ruins of the castle is Sher- 

 bourne Lodge, frequently called Sherbourne Castle, the residence of 

 the Earl of Digby ; it was built by Sir Walter Haleigh, and contains 

 some interesting portraits. 



SHERBOURNE. [GLOUCESTEBaniKE.] 



SHERBROOKE. [CANADA.] 



