SHIELDS, SOITTH. 



SHOREHAM, XE\V. 



633 



dUUCt 7 mil** K. by X- f'"'" Newcastle, 279 mile* N.X.\V. from 

 London by nwd. and 301 miles by the North-Western, aud York 

 NcwcwCe and Berwick railway*. The population of the townihip of 



North Sbirldi in l>il wi 8883. The living of Xortli Shields H a 

 coney, annexed to the vicarage of Tynemouth, iu the archdeaconry 

 of Northumberland aud diocese of Durham. 



North Shielda first roM about the time of Edward I., under the 

 protection of tbo Prior of Tyncmoutb, but its growth at that time 

 wa> cheeked by the burgeuea of Newcastle, who obtained a decree 

 which compelled the prior to destroy the buildings which ho had 

 erected. The place continued in obscurity until Cromwell, iu the 

 time of the Commonwealth, caused an act to bo passed for forming 

 quays and enUblUhing a market The restrictions on the trade of 

 the place were subsequently removed, and the town roaa iu importance. 

 It now extends about a mile along the Tyne, opposite South Shields. 

 The town is lighted with gas. The parish church of Tynemouth is at 

 the eastern end of North Shields. There is a chapel of ease. A new 

 church was completed in 183(5. The \Vesleyan, Primitive, and New 

 Connexion Methodists, English Presbyterians, United Presbyterians, 

 Independent*, Baptists, Quaker*, and Roman Catholics have places of 

 worship. There are in the town National, British, and Infant schools ; 

 a school of industry for girl*, partly endowed ; a Presbyterian school ; 

 a Roman Catholic school ; a savings bonk ; a handsome building for 

 the subscription library ; a mechanics institute ; a theatre ; assembly 

 rooms ; and commodious baths. 



North Shields is a place of great trade. Numerous collieries are 

 in the neighbourhood ; ships of 300 tons can load at the quays. Th iv 

 is a great export of coals, chiefly to London and the eastern coasts of 

 England and Scotland. Several vessels are engaged in the Greenland 

 and Davis'a Straits whale fishery. The number and tonnage of vessels 

 registered as belonging to the port of Shields on December 31st, 1853, 

 were, under 50 tons, 17 sailing-vessels of 515 tons, and 82 steum- 

 veeseli of 1646 tons ; above 50 tons, 763 Bailing-vessels of 201,104 

 tons. During 1353 there entered the port, in the coasting trade, 666 

 failing-vessels of 66,468 tons, and 29 steam-vessels of 492 tons ; and 

 cleared, 1413 sailing-vessels of 151,897 tons, aud 23 steam-vessels of 

 451 tons. In the colonial trade there entered 31 sailing-vessels of 

 9538 tons, and cleared 45 sailing-vessels of 17,538 tons. Iu the 

 foreign trade there entered 541 British vessels of 109,665 ton?, and 

 422 foreign vessels of 41,451 tons; and there cleared 483 British 

 vesael* of 92,932 tons, and 634 foreign vessels of 74,256 tons. A 

 steam ferry affords communication with South Shields; there are 

 steamers to Newcastle, and a railway gives communication with Tyne- 

 mouth and with Newcastle. Ship-building, and the manufacture of 

 tailcloth, cordage, chain-cables, and anchors, are actively carried on. 

 Saltpans, breweries, a pottery, and brick- and tile-works employ many 

 hands. A county court is held. Saturday is the market-day; fairs 

 are held on the last Friday in April and the first Friday in November. 



SHIELDS, SOUTH, Durham, a market-town, seaport, municipal 

 and parliamentary borough, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the 

 parish of Jarrow, is situated on the right bank and at the mouth of 

 the river Tyue, in 55 N. lat, 1 26' W. long., distant 20 miles N.N.E. 

 from Durham, 276 miles N.N.W. from London by road, and 290 miles 

 by the Great Northern, and York Newcastle and Berwick railways. 

 The population of the borough of South Shields, which includes the 

 townships of Westoe and South Shields, was 28,974 in 1851. The 

 borough is governed by a mayor, aldermen, and councillors ; and 

 returns one member to the Imperial Parliament The living is a 

 perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry and diocese of Durham. South 

 Shields Poor- Law Union contains six townships, with an area of 15,477 

 acres, and a population in 1S51 of 35,577. 



Of Jarrow and its ancient Benedictine monastery some particulars 

 will be found in our notice of the county of DURHAM. South Shields 

 (anciently written Le Sheeles) has risen into importance with the 

 extension of the coal-trade in modern times. One inscription which 

 has been dug up indicates that the Romans had a station here. The 

 preaent town originated with the fishermen of the Tyne, who built 

 here along the shore sheds, locally termed ' sheels ' or ' shields,' to 

 defend themselves from the weather. 



The town of South Shields extends into the township of Westoe ; 



the modern parts contain many good houses. The town is lighted 



with ga, aud has a good supply of water. In a large square near 



lie centre of the town is the town-hall, used also as an exchange and 



news-room, and having a market-house beneath. The parochial 



chapel has been so much altered that little of the ancient part can be 



traced, with the exception of the old tower. A chapel of ease is of 



modern erection, and there are two chapels for United Presbyterians 



ami one each for Woleyan and Primitive Methodista, English 



Presbyterians, Independents, and Baptists. There are National and 



Chanty schools, a school supported by Presbyterians, and a savings 



bank. There is a act of 22 comfortable small houses for master 



manners above 60 years of age. A great quantity of coal is brought 



own the nver in keeln, and shipped here : some coal-pite are in the 



immediate vicinity. The shipping returns for 1853 are included in 



* of NORTH SHIELDS. Shipbuilding is carried on with great 



activity. There are spacious docks for building and repairing ships 



tensive glass-works, a pottery, manufactories of soda and alum, 



rewenea, and rope-walks. A numerous body of pilots ore employed 



for navigating vessel* into the Tyne. At the mouth of the Tyne is a 

 pilot tower. There is weekly communication ' by steam-veesel with 

 Hull ami with Bonviek-on-Tweed. A county court is held. The 

 1 is on Saturday ; two fairs are held, but they are indifferently 

 att<:udeil. Thtj town possesses a subscription lilirary ; a i: 

 soi'-uliue, and mechanics institute; an exchange news-room; public 

 baths; and a theatre. 



SHIFFNALL, Shropshire, a market-town, and the seat of a Poor- 

 Law Union, iu the parish of Shiffuall, is situated near the Si 

 shire border, in 52 39' N. lat., 2 19' W. long., distant 18 miles E.S.K. 

 from Shrewsbury, 135 miles N.W. by W. from London by road, and 

 139 miles by the North- Western and Birmingham and Slav, 

 railways. The population of the township of ShuTnall in ISiil wa* 

 1958. The livin,' is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Salop and 

 diocese of Lichfield. Shiflhall Poor-Law Union contains 1;"> parishes 

 and townships, with an area of 45,453 acres, and a population in 

 1851 of 11,463. Shiffnall parish church is a handsome ami spacious 

 cruciform edifice. The Baptists have two chapels ; and there are 

 National schools, partly endowed, and a Blue-Coat school. Mines and 

 coal-pits in the vicinity afford considerable employment. Tuesday is 

 the market-day. Fairs are held in April, August, and November. 



SHIKA.RPOOR. [HINDUSTAN.] 



SHILDON. [DURHAM.] 



SHILLELAGH, County Wicklow, Ireland, a village and the scat of 

 a Poor-Law Union, is situated on a feeder of the Berry Hiver, 31 miles 

 S.W. from Wicklow, and 59 miles S.W. from Dublin by road. The 

 population in 1S51 wns about 150. Shillelagh Poor-Law Union comprises 

 23 electoral divisions, with an area of 110,122 acres, and a population 

 in 1841 of 34,435, in 1851 of 24,172. The village contains a chapel 

 of ease, a school-house, dispensary, and Union workhouse. Fairs are 

 held sis times a year. In Coolattin Park, belonging to Earl Fitz- 

 william, are some old oaks, which are all that remain of the oak forests 

 for which the Shillelagh district was formerly noted. 



SHINFIELD. [BERKSHIRE.] 



SHINRONE. [KINO'S COUNTY.] 



SHIPSTON-ON-STOUR, Worcestershire, a market-town, ami the 

 seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Shipston-on-Stour, is 

 situated on the left bank of the river Stour, in 52 4' N. lat., 1 :;>' W. 

 long., distant 30 miles E.S.E. from Worcester, 83 miles W.N.W. from 

 London. The population of the parish in 1851 was 1835. The living 

 is a rectory in the archdeaconry and diocese of Worcester. Shipston- 

 on-Stour Poor-Law Union contains 37 parishes and townships, with 

 an area of 78,889 acres, and a population iu 1851 of 20,651. Ship- 

 ston is pleasantly situated in a hilly district. The town is lighted 

 with gas. Besides the parish church there are chapels for Wesleyan 

 Methodists and Baptists, National schools partly endowed, aud a 

 savings bank. The market-day is Saturday; fairs are held once a 

 month. A county court is held in the town. 



SHIRAZ. [PERSIA.] 



SHIRVAN [GEORGIA.] 



SHOA. [ABYSSINIA.] 



SHOBDON. [HEREFORDSHIRE.] 



SHOOSHEE. [GEORGIA.] 



SHOREHAM, NEW, Sussex, a market-town, sea-port, and parlia- 

 mentary borough, in the parish of New Shoreham, is situated on the 

 left bank and near the mouth of the river Adur, in 50" 50' N. lat., 

 17' W. loug., distant 24 miles E. by S. from Chichester, 56 miles 

 S. by W. from London by road and by the London and South-Coast 

 railway. The population of the parish of New Shoreham in 1851 

 was 2590 ; that of the parliamentary borough, which includes nearly 

 all the rape of Bramber, was 30,553. The borough returns two 

 members to the Imperial Parliament. The living of New Shorehain 

 is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lewes and diocese of Chichester. 



The borough of New Shoreham, so called to distinguish it from 

 Old Shoreham, now a small village about a mile inland, was part of the 

 possessions conferred by the Conqueror upon William de Braose, lord 

 of the rape of Bramber. King John landed here from Normandy 

 with a large army in 1199, and he made it a free port iu 1210. In 

 the time of Edward III. (1346) it contributed 26 ships towards the 

 two fleets which were fitted out by the king, being one ship more than 

 was furnished by London ; Fowey, Yarmouth, and Dartmouth alone 

 furnished a larger number. In 1758 an act was obtained for the 

 improvement of the haven, but the growth of a sand-bank at the 

 mouth of the Adur caused the embouchure to shift towards the east, 

 and to advance a mile and a half in the course of half a century, BO 

 as to render the haven of little use. In 1816 an artificial channel wa.-i 

 cut through the shingle embankment, and substantial piers were erected. 

 The harbour mouth is still subject to a bar, which rises occasionally 

 above the low-water level, and shifts its position from 60 to 160 feet 

 from the pier-heads. The lift of the spring-tides is about 15 feet, 

 and neaps about 9 feet The depth of the water over the bar at high- 

 water is from 14 to 17 feet, according to the tides and the state of the 

 bar. The Adur was formerly crossed by a ford, once belonging to 

 the priory of Hardham. In the year 1833 a handsome suspension- 

 bridge was erected near the mouth of the river and close to Shoreham. 



The number and tonnage of vessels registered as belonging to the 

 port of Shoreham on December 31st 1853 were: Under 50 tons 

 54 vessels, tonnage 1027 ; above 60 tons 02 vessels, tonnage 11,277. 







