SOUTH BEND. 



SOUTHAMPTON. 



63* 



Church. the Quakers, nd Jew*, hare *"** P 1 * 8 * rf worship in 



i 4llnnent of Adelaide was founded in 1836, but some months 

 mvioiulv a few families had settled on Nepean Bay, in Kangaroo 

 PI.-I , t a place called Kingscote. At first the emigration to this 

 colour' was very great : and in 1840 the number of the white popu- 

 lation was estimated at 15,000. In 1838 the colonies of Port Philip 

 and New Zealand were founded, which offered greater advantage, to 

 the settler, and the current of emigration was directed to those 

 trclfmitt. to which it has continued mainly to run. In 1844, when 

 South AuetraUa was in a state of great depression, the discovery of 

 iU rich mines commenced, and since that period it has enjoyed almost 

 continuous prosperity, and has received a large accession to its popu- 

 Ution. Settlements have been formed in all directions around Adelaide, 

 over the hill country and plains between the Oulf of St Vincent and 

 the river Murray. The discovery of gold-fields in New South Wales and 

 Victoria again checked emigration to South Australia, and withdrew a 

 considerable number of its population. Some of the emigrant* however 

 returned, and the prosperity of the colony was not materially affected. 

 SOUTH BEND. [INDIANA.] 

 SOUTH BRENT. [DEVONSHIRE.] 

 SOUTH KINGSTON. [RHODE ISLAND.] 

 SOUTH MIMMS. [MIDDLESEX.] 



SOUTH MOLTON, Devonshire, a market-town, municipal borough, 

 and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of South Molton, is 

 situated on the right bank of the river Mole, in 51 N. lat, 3 51' 

 W. long., distant 26 miles N.N.W. from Exeter, and 178 miles W. by 

 S. from London. The population of the town in 1851 was 4482. 

 The borough is governed by four aldermen and 12 councillors, of 

 whom one is mayor. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the arch- 

 deaconry of Barnstaple and diocese of Exeter. South Molton Poor- 

 Law Union contains 29 parishes and townships, with an area of 

 123,233 acres, and a population in 1851 of 20,566. 



South Molton consists of a spacious market-place and several streets, 

 well-paved and lighted. The town buildings are the guildhall and 

 the borough jaiL The church, which is adjacent to the market-place, 

 is a handsome building in the perpendicular style ; it baa a rich stone 

 pulpit adorned with statues and a profusion of variously-carved 

 foliage. The Wesleyan Methodists, Baptists, and Independents have 

 chapels. Squier's Endowed school had 64 scholars in 1851, of whom 

 30 were free. There are also National and Infant schools. A county 

 court is held iu the town. Coarse woollens are made ; the lace manu- 

 facture is also carried on. The market is on Saturday for corn and 

 provisions ; and there are several great markets aud fairs held in the 

 course of the year. Iron-ore is found in the vicinity. 

 SOUTH POLAR COUNTRIES. [POLAR COUNTRIES AND SEAS.] 

 SOUTH SHETLAND. [POLAR COUNTRIES.] 

 SOUTH SHIELDS. [SHIELDS, SOUTH.] 



SOUTH STONEHAM, Hampshire, a village and the seat of a Poor 

 Law Union, in the parish of South Stoneham, is situated on the right 

 bank of the river Itchin, where it expands into an testuary, iu 50 57' 

 N. lat, 1 22' W. long., distant 9 miles S. by W. from Winchester, 

 and 71 miles S.W. from London. The population of the pariah ol 

 South Stoneham in 1851 was 4961. The living is a vicarage in the 

 archdeaconry and diocese of Winchester. South Stoneham Poor-Law 

 Union contains nine parishes and townships, with an area of 30,715 

 acres, and a population in 1851 of 15,974. South Stoneham may iu 

 some respects be regarded as a suburb of Southampton, from which 

 it is little more than two miles distant A canal from Winchester 

 comes to South Stoneham, communicating with the Southampton 

 water by the estuary of the Itchin. 

 8OUTHALL. [MIDDLESEX.] 

 80UTUAM, Warwickshire, a market-town, and tho seat of a Poor- 

 Law Union, in the parish of Southam, ia situated in 52 51' N. lat, 

 1 - 23' W. long., distant 9 miles E. by S. from Warwick, and 82 miles 

 N.W. by W. from London. The population of the parish of Southam 

 in 18il was 1711. The living is a rectory in tho archdeaconry ol 

 Coventry and diocese of Worcester. Southam Poor-Law Union con- 

 tains 19 parishes and townships, with an area of 49,260 acres, and a 

 population in 1851 of 10,426. Southam parish church is of various 

 dates; some portions are of decorated and others of perpendicular 

 character. It has a western tower and spire. The Independents hare 

 chapel, and there are National schools partly endowed, a dispensary, 

 and an infirmary for diseases of the eye and ear. The market is or 

 Monday, and there are several fairs in the course of the year. A 

 county court is held. Near the town are two mineral springs. 



SOUTHAMPTON, Hampshire, a town, a municipal and parlia 

 meuUry borough, a seaport, and a county of itself, is situated on a 

 peninsula between the riven Alre, or Itchin, on the east, and the 

 Test, or Anton, on the west, at the head of Southampton water, in 

 60' 64' N. lat, 1* 24' W. long., distant 12 miles S. by W. from Win 

 Chester, 74 milrs S.W. from London by road, aud 80 miles by the 

 London and South-Weatern railway. The population of the borough 

 in 1851 was 35,305. Tho borough is governed by 10 aldermen and 

 30 councillors, of whom one is mayor ; and returns two members to 

 the Imperial Parliament The livings are iu the archdeaconry anc 

 diocese of Winchester. For Poor-Law purposes the town is goveruec 

 under a Local Act 



The Roman town of Clausentum, though not on the exact site of 

 Southampton, may be regarded as its predecessor. CUueentom stood 

 on a point of land formed by the winding of the Itchin, on the left 

 >ank of that river, about 1 mile N.E. from Southampton, now 

 occupied by Bittern Farm, where still exist traces of a fosse and 

 vallum which defended the place on the land side. The foundation of 

 the present town is ascribed to the Anglo-Saxons. The town was 

 attacked but without success, by the Danes, in 837 ; plundered by 

 hem in 980 ; aud again occupied as their winter-quarters in 994. In 

 he Saxon Chronicle the town is called Hamtuno and Suth-Hamtun ; 

 in the Domesday-Book, Hantone and Hentune. Iu 1339, being the 

 rear after the sack of Southampton by tho French or Genoese fleet 

 HAMPSHIRE], the defences of the town were repaired and strengthened. 

 !t was at Southampton that Henry V. embarked in hia first invasion 

 of France in 1415. In 1512 the Marquis of Dorset, who waa sent to 

 he support of Ferdinand tho Catholic in his war against France, 

 embarked with 10,000 men at Southampton. 



The county of tho town of Southampton comprehends the whole 

 of the point of land between the river.*, and extends about 3 miles 

 along the bank of the Itchin. The town is built ou a gravelly suil, 

 somewhat elevated on the bank of the Anton, which washes it on the 

 west and south sides. The principal street (High-street) runs north 

 and south, and is divided into two parts by an ancient ' bar ' or gate- 

 way belonging to the old town wall, considerable portions of which, 

 with the west gate and south gate, are still standing. That part of 

 ;he street which is south of the bar was included ia the town, and 

 is about half a mile long; the remainder, distinguished as 'High- 

 street above bar,' or 'Above-bar-street,' belonged to the suburbs. 

 The principal streets are lighted with gas and well paved. On the 

 south side of the town is the quay, near which is the pier, a structure 

 of considerable extent and elegance, erected some years since, and 

 called Victoria Pier, after her Majesty, by whom, before her accession, 

 it was opened. On the platform or battery near the quay is a long 

 brasa gun which bears the date 1542, and was presented to the town 

 by Henry VIII. The Winchester road ia adorned by a fine avenue of 

 elma, which, however, are gradually disappearing as new houses are 

 erected. The New Town, on the northern aide, contains several 

 spacious streets of excellent houses. A road from the southern part 

 of the town to the Itchiu leads to the floating bridge which forma tho 

 communication with Fareham, Gosport, and Portsmouth. 



Southampton has five parish churches. Holy Hood church, a largo 

 aud ancient structure, consists of a nave with bide aisles and a choir 

 or chancel ; it baa a tower and spire at the south-west angle, and a 

 colonnade, or portico, which occupies the whole front All Saints 

 church is of Grecian Ionic architecture, and has been much admired ; 

 it containa the monuments of Carteret, the circumnavigator, aud of 

 Bryan Edwards, the historian of the West Indies. St. Michael's, the 

 oldest church in Southampton, ia in a square in the west part of the 

 town ; it has a tower between the nave and chancel ; there are aeveml 

 Norman portions and some of later date ; the windows are chiefly of 

 perpendicular character. Thia church contains an ancient font of 

 Norman character, and the monument of Chancellor Wriothesley. 

 St. Mary's church was rebuilt in the last century on the foundations 

 of the older structure. The total number of places of worship in 

 Southampton in 1851 waa 29, of which 10 belonged to the Establish- 

 ment The others belonged to Independent, Baptists, Wesleyan 

 Methodists, Bible Christiana, French Protestants, Quakers, Roman 

 Catholics, Irvingitea, and Mormona. The number of sittings provide 1 

 in all waa 17,959. The Grammar school, founded in 1553, and fre . 

 to all boys of the town, had 11 scholars in 1851. The endowment 

 yields 28i 5. per annum. The Diocesan Collegiate school, commenced 

 in 1842, had 90 scholars in 1854. There are several Parochial, 

 National, British, and Infant schools; a mechanica inatitution, with 

 library and museum; a literary and scientific inatitution, also with a 

 library and museum, and a savings bank. There are several ranges 

 of almshouaea, an infirmary, a dispensary, and various other charities. 

 Among the places of amusement are a theatre, two sets of assembly- 

 rooms, billiard-rooms, and a racecourse. There are also bathing-rooms 

 and a botanic garden. The lloyal Yacht Club-house ia a handsomii 

 structure. Little remains of the ancient castle, but a tower has been 

 built on the site from the materials of tho keep. 



Southampton was anciently a place of great trade ; wool and tin 

 were exported ; but it declined very much when tho export of wool 

 was prohibited. During the 18th century it revived, and since the 

 beginning of the present century it has more than quadrupled its 

 population. It ia much frequented as a watering-place. The harbour, 

 which ia secure, affords good anchorage. Ship-building is extensively 

 carried ou ; and extensive docks hare been constructed. The tidal 

 dock is paved with granite, and ia lined on three sides with extensive 

 warehouses. It is chiefly used by the large steam-vessels which 

 frequent the port The area of the basin ia 16 acres ; and it has 18 feet 

 at low-water of spring-tides. The inner dock is for colliers and sailing 

 vessels. Timber is imported from the Baltic aud from America ; coals 

 from the north of England ; stone from the western counties ; and 

 wine and brandy from Spain, Portugal, and France. There is a con- 

 siderable Irish trade. A new custom-house has been erected iu the 

 vicinity of the docks. 

 The number and tonnage of vessels registered as belonging to tbe port 



