633 



SOUTHAMPTON, COUNTY OF. 



SPAIN. 



031 



of Southampton on December 31st, 1853, were as follows : Of and under 

 50 tons, 136 vessels, tonnage 3588 ; above 50 tons, 85, tonnage 10,744 ; 

 with 21 steamers of 2129 tons burden. During 1853 there entered 

 the port in the coasting trade 1757 sailing-vessels of 169,418 tons, and 

 172 steam-vessels of 48,243 tons; and there cleared 115 steam-vessels 

 of 19,015 tons. In the colonial trade there entered 63 sailing-vessels 

 of 40>~ tons, and 252 steam-vessels of 68,127 tons; and cleared 70 

 sailing-vessels of 7533 tons, and 268 steam-vessels of 73,407 tons. In 

 the foreign trade 236 sailing-vessels of 29,828 tons, and 361 steam- 

 Teasels of 150,124 tons entered; and 195 sailing-vessels of 21,172 tons, 

 and 347 steam-vessels of 152,245 tons cleared during the year. 



Southampton is now the largest packet port in the kingdom. The 

 Peninsular and Oriental Steam-Packet company, the Royal West India 

 Mail-Packet company, and several other steam-packet companies 

 make the port their place of arrival and departure. The town pos- 

 sesses a large and increasing retail trade, chiefly in connection with 

 the shipping. There are coach factories, a large iron-foundry, 

 breweries, and an extensive sugar refinery. There are general markets 

 on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday ; a fish-market every day ; and 

 two yearly fairs, at one of which a great number of cattle are sold. 



SOUTHAMPTON, COUNTY OF, the name in legal proceedings, of 

 HAMPSHIRE. 



SOUTHAMPTON ISLAND. [HUDSON'S BAT TERRITORIES.] 



SOUTHEND. [ESSEX] 



SOUTHERNDOWN. [GLAMOBOANSHIBB.] 



SOUTHFLEET. [KENT.] 



SOUTHGATE. [MIDDLESEX] 



SOUTHMINSTEU. [ESSEX] 



SOUTHPORT. [CONNECTICUT; LANCASHIRE] 



SOUTHWAKK. [LONDON.] 



SOUTHWELL, Nottinghamshire, a market-town and the seat of a 

 Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Southwell, is pleasantly situated in 

 53 5' N. lat, 68' W. long., distent about 15 miles N.E. from Not- 

 tingham, and 132 miles N.N.W. from London by road. The popu- 

 lation of the town of Southwell in 1851 was 3516. The living is 

 rectory in the archdeaconry of Nottingham and diocese of Lincoln. 

 Southwell Poor-Law Union contains 60 parishes and townships, with 

 an area of 117,142 acres, and a population in 1851 of 25,596. 



Southwell U a place of considerable antiquity. There appears to 

 have been a Roman station or outpost here. A church was established 

 here by Paulinus, one of the early missionaries to the Anglo-Saxons. 

 This church became collegiate, and was afterwards richly endowed by 

 the liberality of prelates and nobles. Charles I. was frequently at 

 Southwell during the civil war, and here he surrendered himself to 

 the Scotch commissioners. The town contains many good houses. 

 The collegiate church is a magnificent cruciform building, consisting 

 of nave and aisles, transepts, choir, and eastern transepts, two western 

 towers, and a central tower. The nave and transepts and the towers 

 are Norman, of very bold character and well-executed details. The 

 extreme length of the church is 306 feet, breadth of the nave and 

 aisles 59 feet, breadth at the transepts 121 feet The north porch U 

 a large and much-enriched specimen of Norman. The nave and 

 transepts have a wooden flat ceiling ; the aisles have a stone groined 

 roof. The choir and eastern transepts, which are of early Engluh 

 character, are among the finest specimens of that style in the kingdom, 

 and are in good preservation. The entrance into the Minster- Yard U 

 by ancient gateways, of which the western has a semicircular arch. 

 In the yard are the extensive ruins of a former palace of the arch 

 bishops of York. The chapter of Southwell collegiate church consists 

 of six canons and two minor canons. Annual meetings of the Not 

 tinghamshire clergy are held at Southwell, which is the mother-church 

 of the county. At Southwell are chapels for Wesleyan Methodists 

 and Baptists; a Grammar school, which had 8 scholars in 1854; 

 National and Infant schools, a savings bank, assembly-rooms, i 

 theatre, and a house of correction for the county. The lace and 

 hosiery manufactures employ a considerable number of workmen. 

 T aiming and silk-throwing employ some of the inhabitants. The 

 market u on Saturday, and there are fairs on Whit-Monday and 

 October 21st 



SOUTHWOLD, Suffolk, a market-town, sea-port, and municipal 

 borough, in the parish of Southwold, is situated on the east coast 

 near the mouth of the river Blyth, in 52' 19' N. lat, 1 39' E. long., 

 distant 37 miles N.E. from Ipswich, and 105 miles N.E. from London. 

 The population of the borough of Southwold in 1851 was 210:'. The 

 borough is governed by 4 aldermen and 12 councillors, of whom one 

 is mayor. The living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry o: 

 Suffolk and diocese of Norwich. 



Southwold was in the middle ages a place of some importance. In 

 the reign of Henry VII. the town was incorporated by Act of Parlia 

 ment The hill on which the town stands forms a cliff towards the 

 sea, and sinks on the other side into marshes. The only entrance to 

 the town U on the north-west side, by a bridge over the Buss Creek. 

 The top and sides of the hill round the town are chiefly uninclosec 

 common. The church is a large and handsome building of perpeu 

 riicular architecture, mostly of flint and stone. The western tower i 

 about 100 feet high, and there are two low hexagonal towers at eacl 

 angU of the eastern end of the chancel There are chapels for Bap- 

 tists, Wenleyau Methodists, and Independents. The town-hall is a 



modern building, and there is a small jail. Thursday is the market- 

 fay : an annual fair is held oil Trinity Monday and the two following 

 lays. Rope- and sail-making and brewing are carried on ; but the 

 iriucipal branch of industry is the fishery, which employs a con- 

 iderable number of men : there are some salt-works. The town is 

 reqxiented in the bathing season by visitors. 

 SOUVIGNY. [ALLIER.] 

 SOWER BY. [YORKSHIRE.] 



SPA. [LlEOE.] 



SPAIN (Espana in Spanish), a kingdom of Europe, occupying the 

 freater part of that peninsula which is divided from France by the 

 nountain range of the Pyrenees. It is sometimes called the Spanish 

 Peninsula, or briefly the Peninsula, It is situated between 36 and 

 43 46' N. lat, 3 20' E. long., and 7 23' W. long. The most northern 

 mint is Cape Ortegal, and the most southern Tarifa. From its most 

 lorth-western point, Cape Finisterre, to the most eastern point, Cape 

 3reus, is a distance of nearly 600 miles ; from Tarifa to Fuentarabia, 

 near the boundary of France, on the Bay of Biscay, nearly 540 miles ; 

 and from Cape Ortegal to Cape de Gata, the most south-eastern 

 promontory, about 556 miles. Spain is bounded E. by the Mediter- 

 ranean Sea ; S. by the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Gibraltar, and 

 the Atlantic Ocean ; E. by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean ; N. by 

 the Bay of Biscay and France. The area of Spain is 177,718 square 

 miles. The population iu 1849 was 13,705,500. The political divisions, 

 with the area and population of each, are given in the next page. 



Colonial Possessions. The BALEARIC ISLANDS in the Mediterranean, 

 and the CANARIES on the west coast of Africa, have been formed into 

 two modern provinces, as shown in the following table. CUBA, 

 PUERTO Rico, and some smaller islands in the West Indies, are under 

 the government of the Capitan-General de la Havana. The PHILIP- 

 PINES, in the Indian Archipelago, are also under a captain-general. 

 FERNANDO Po, and some other small islands in the Gulf of Guinea, 

 belong to Spain ; and Ceuta, Gomera, and Melilla, on the coast of 

 Barbary, are used by the Spanish government as places for the 

 transportation of convicts. 



Coatt. The length of the coast-line of Spain, without taking into 

 account the numerous small inlets, is about 1350 miles, of which about 

 750 are washed by the Mediterranean Sea, and about 600 by the 

 Atlantic Ocean. The northern coast, from the boundary of France 

 to Cape Ortegal, is about 300 miles. The north-western coast, from 

 Cape Ortegal to the mouth of the Minho, is about 160 miles. The 

 south-western coast, from the Punta de Europa on the Bay of Gibraltar 

 to the mouth of the Guadiana, is about 140 miles. 



The northern coast of Spain, from the boundary of France to the 

 Punts, de los Cairos (7 17' W. long.), runs nearly in a continuous 

 line, without any considerable break. The whole line is rocky, and 

 the* rocks nearly always approach the sea, where they form a mural 

 line varying in height between 30 and 300 feet ; but with the exception 

 of one or two places the coast is free from rocks and islands, and the 

 water is deep up to the shore. The coast farther west, between Punta 

 de los Cairos and Cape Ortegal, preserves the same character, except 

 that the inlets which occur along this short distance are wider, and 

 the headlands project farther. From Cape Ortegal to Cape Finisterre, 

 and thence to the mouth of the Minho, the coast is less elevated, 

 though it is rocky, and the rocks come up to the beach. It is al.su 

 very broken, and several headlands advance some miles into the sen, 

 and some of the inlets enter several miles into the laud, and form 

 spacious harbours. [GALICIA.] The south-western coast-line is of u 

 different character. From the high ground on which the town of 

 Ayamonte is built, at the mouth of the Guadiaua, a low shore begins 

 and extends eastward to the harbour of Huelvn, which is formed by 

 the estuary of the rivers Odiel and Tinto. The coast-line is well 

 defined, but skirted by low and candy islands. Between the harbour 

 of Huelva and the mouth of the river Guadalquivir the coast is 

 extremely low, swampy, and sandy. Even small vessels cannot 

 approach the beach. South of the mouth of the Guadalquivir the 

 shores are again well defined, though low and occasionally swampy. 

 Approaching Cape Trafalgar the coast begins to rise, and a moderately 

 high shore runs along the northern side of the Strait of Gibraltar, 

 and into the bay as for as the town of Algeciras. The remainder of 

 the bay has a low and sandy shore, with the exceptiuu of the rock on 

 which Gibraltar stands. 



The coast of the Mediterranean from Punta de Europa to Cabo de 

 Palos is in general elevated and rocky. Tho western portion, between 

 the strait and the mouth of the river Guadalfeo near Motril, does not 

 rise to a great height, and occasionally sinks down nearly to the level 

 of the sea. East of Motril the coast is generally very high, sometimcx 

 several hundred eet, and there is no flat along the sea. This elevated 

 coast extends to Cabo de Gata, snd north of it to the town of Mojacar. 

 From Mojacar to Cabo de Palos the rocks along the coast are of mode- 

 rate elevation, and in a few places interrupted by flats. This extensive 

 line of rocky coast has no indentations, and no harbour which vessels 

 of moderate size can enter, with the exception of the excellent harbour 

 of Cartagena and the harbour of Malaga, the latter being partly 

 artificial. The open bay of Almeria, between Punta de Klena and 

 Cabo de Gata, has good anchorage; but it is exposed to southern, 

 south-eastern, and south-western winds, nud to the violent gales which 

 sometimes blow from the mountain! that surround the bay. 



