n 



STIRLINGSHIRE. 



STOCKHOLM. 



873 



population 8949. i. in the pansh of KitajrUi, 18 mUe. a by 

 \V. from SUrling. Kilsyth is . burg^ of barony ;,t has a taito and 

 four councillor, elected annually. It U irregularly hud out; the 

 OUM are small : the street, are lighted with gas. The parish church 

 U a modern building of oonaiderabU elegance. There are also a 

 Free church. chapela for United Presbyterian* and Independent-, 

 Mvcral schools, and a savings bank. The inhabitants are chiefly hand- 

 loom wearer, employed by the manufacturer* of Glasgow. There 

 are two factories, and a brick and tile work. 



Unnoxtom, population 8108, about 11 miles N. by E. from Glasgow, 

 contains the parish church of Campsio, a chapel for United 1 reaby- 

 terians, and a handsome Roman Catholic chapel. The cotton manu- 

 facture U actively carried on. Lennox Castle w a spacious mansion 



i\f rvwtnt MfMitirtH 



The following are some of the more important villages ; the popu- 

 lation is that of 18S1 : - 



Balfn*. a manufacturing village, in the western part of the county, 

 18 mile N. from Glasgow: popuUtion of the parish, 1900. Balfron 

 is neatly built and clean, snd the shops are lighted with gas from the 

 cotton-works of Ballindalloch. There are here many hand-loom 

 weavers. Bridge of Allan, a small village, 8 miles N. from Stirling, 18 

 much resorted to for its mineral springs. Camjme, population of the 

 parish exclusive of Leunoxtown, 8810, is situated in a valley watered 

 by the streams of Glassert and Kelvin. It contains an alum and 

 colour manufactory. In the vicinity are several print fields and cotton 

 factories. Carron, a village in Larbert parish, about 2 miles N. from 

 Falkirk. In the village are the Carron iron-works, among the moat 

 extensive in the kingdom. There are five blast or smelting furnaces, 

 four cupola furnaces, and 20 air furnaces ; besides mills for grinding 

 fire-clay, boring cylinders, grinding and polishing the metal, &c. 

 The articles manufactured are machinery, agricultural implements, 

 cannon, carronsdes (which take their name from this place), &c. The 

 Carron Company have about 20 vessels to export their goods to 

 London and elsewhere, and bring back coal and lime. Drymen, about 

 22 miles N.W. from Glasgow : population of the parish, 1481. Many 

 of the inhabitant! are hand-loom weavers. Kippen, 11 miles W. from 

 Stirling, population of the parish 1892, is celebrated for its distillery. 

 Weaving is carried on. There are an Established and a Free church ; 

 an Endowed and a Parochial school. Several fairs are held. Milntjarie, 

 population about 1500, distant 7 miles N.W. from Glasgow, contains 

 a chapel of ease, a United Presbyterian church, and a parochial 

 school ; a cotton-mill, two l.leachfields, three printfields, a distillery, 

 a paper-mill, and several corn-mills. St. Ninians, population about 

 1200, consists principally of one long street of old-fashioned houses. 

 Some of these are very curious, and have not only the date of erection, 

 but the implements or other emblems of the trade of the original 

 occupier carved on stones on the front There are in the village 

 Established, Free, and United Presbyterian churches. The inhabit- 

 ants manufacture nails, leather, and tartan and tartan shawls. Strath- 

 Mane, population of the parish 1010, a small village 12 miles N. from 

 Glasgow, contains a calico print-work and two bleachfields. 



Ilutory, Anliqvitia, Ac. Stirlingshire was, at the most ancient 

 hiitorical period, included in the territory of the DamnoniL They 

 were subdued by Agricola, A.D. 80, who formed a line of forts through 

 their territory, reaching from the Forth to the Clyde : this line of forts, 

 the Roman general Lollius Urbicus, in the reign of Antoninus Pius, 

 about A.D. HO, connected by a continuous rampart [ANTONINUS, WALL 

 or.] The remains of one of the forts may be seen at Castle-Cary, 

 mile* W. from Falkirk, just where the rampart leaves the county. 

 There are some other antiquities referrible perhaps to the Human 

 period, or to the periods immediately before it Several of the primi- 

 tive monuments, as earthen forte, cairns, and mounds or barrows, are 

 found in Baldernock, Gargunnock, Dunipace, and other parishes. 



Cambuskenneth Abbey, one of the most celebrated in Scotland, 

 was founded, in 1147, by David I., king of Scotland, on a small 

 peninsula on the north aide of the Forth, a little below Stirling. Of 

 this edifice some ruined walls and the belfry tower still exist In 

 the invasion of Edward I. Stirling was abandoned by the Scots and 

 occupied by the Knglish (1290). Wallace defeated the English forces, 

 in 1297, at the old bridge of Stirling, at that time a wooden structure. 

 The following year Stirling Castle, which was garrisoned by tho 

 English, was besieged by the Scots, and forced by famine to sur- 

 render, in 1299. In 1308 Stirling Castle held out for three mouths 

 aniust all the efforts of Edward I. in person. It was the last fortress 

 that surrendered in Scotland. In 1314, Stirling Castle, which had 

 bean held by the English since 1803, surrendered after the battle of 

 Bannock burn. In 1388 it came into the hands of Edward Baliol, but 

 was retaken, in 1841, by the Scots. The castle was the scene of the 

 assassination of the Earl of Douglas by James II., in 1451. It was 

 th frequent residence of James V. James VI. was crowned at 

 SUrlii.g in 1567, at 13 months old ; and during his childhood usually 

 Maided here, with his preceptor Buchanan, who wrote here his 

 ' History of Scotland.' The earls of Angus and Mar, with others 

 concerned in 'the mid c>f Kuthven,' took possession of Stirling in 

 1684, tut were soon obliged to flee into England. Returning next 

 year with a considerable force, they occupied the town, and prepared 

 to invest the castle, where the king (Janies VI.) was, with a very 

 inadequate force. An accommodation took place, and the judicial 



sentence which had been passed against the fugitive lords was re- 

 versed. This transaction is commonly called ' the raid of Stirling.' 

 On the introduction of tho New Liturgy, in the reign of Charles I., 

 in 1 C37, the privy council and the court of session were removed to 

 Stirling; to which place also General Baillie, who commanded the 

 Covenanters, fled after his disastrous defeat at KiUyth by the Duke 

 of Montrose. The Scotch army retired to Stirling after their defeat 

 by Cromwell at Duubar, in 1650. Monk, whom Cromwell left behind 

 him, occupied the town soon after, and in a few days forced the castle 

 to surrender. 



Of the feudal period there are some remains in the county. Dnn- 

 trenth Castle, in Strathblane parish, is an extensive ruin, fco remains 

 of Colzium Castle crown an eminence near Kilsyth ; and tho castle 

 of Almond is a masaive ruin between Falkirk and Liulitbgow. The 

 ruins of Manuel Priory are near the castle of Almond. 



Statittlici: Religion* Wortkip and Education. According to the 

 Heturns of the Census in 1851, there were then in the county 99 

 places of worship, of which 31 belonged to the Established Church, 

 21 to the Free Church, 19 to tho United Presbyterian Church, 7 to 

 Methodists, 6 to Independents, 5 to Baptists, 4 to Hoinan Catholics, 

 2 to Heformed Presbyterians, and 2 to Episcopalians. The total 

 number of sittings provided in 90 of these places of worship waa 

 49,272. Of day schools there were 170, of which 103 were public 

 schools, with 8432 scholars, and 67 private, with 2918 scholars. The 

 number of Sabbath schools was 99, with 8122 scholars, and of evening 

 schools for adults 17, with 415 scholars. There were four literary 

 and scientific institutions with 787 members, and 2200 volumes in 

 their libraries. 



Savings Banks. In 1853 the county possessed three savings banks, 

 at Falkirk, Lennoxtown, and Stirling. The amount owing to depositors 

 on November 20th, 1853, was 31,102i. 8s. SJ. 



STISTED. [EssKx.l 



STOCKBHIDQE, Hampshire, a market-town, and the seat of a 

 Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Stockbridge, is situated on the 

 banks of the river Anton or Test, in 51 C' N. lat, 1 29' W. long., 

 distant 9 miles W.N.W. from Winchester, and 66 miles S.W. from 

 London. The population of the borough and parish, which are co- 

 extensive, was 1066 in 1851. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the 

 archdeaconry and diocese of Winchester. Stockbridge Poor-Law 

 Union contains 14 parishes and townships, with an area of 43,843 

 acres, and a population in 1851 of 7367. Stockbridge is a borough 

 by prescription, and returned two members to Parliament till the 

 passing of the Reform Act, when it was disfranchised. The town 

 possesses a neat town-hall. The principal street contains seven 

 bridges over the river Anton at the west end, the Andover Canal 

 about the middle of the town, and five small trout streams which 

 cross the street at different parts. The parish church was erected, in 

 the reign of Stephen. There are a chapel for Independents, and a 

 parochial school. Parchment is manufactured to some extent The 

 market is held on Thursday ; and on July 10th is held one of the 

 largest fairs in the county for lambs. Races are held in the neigh- 

 bourhood. 



STO'CKHOLM, the capital of Sweden, U situated in 59 20' N. lat, 

 18 E. long., on the channel by which the Miilar Lake discharges its 

 waters into the Baltic, about 36 miles from the sea by the windings of 

 the channel, but not more than 24 miles in a straight line. The 

 channel is interspersed with numerous rocky islands. 



The city of Stockholm is built partly on the continent and partly 

 on nine islands formed by the above-mentioned channel : the islands 

 are called holmen. The Staden Island, or Stockholm, occupies the 

 centre of the town, and contains several fine public and private 

 buildings. The royal palace, an edifice of great architectural merit, 

 completed in 1753, stands on an eminence, and has attached to it a 

 large garden. It contains a library and collections of paintings, 

 coins, and antiquities. Near the palace is the colossal statue of 

 Gustavus III., of bronze ; and in its vicinity, along the eastern shore 

 of the island, is the proper harbour of the town, in which the largest 

 vessels find excellent anchorage. The Staden contains also the 

 cathedral, or St Nieolai church, in which tho kings of Sweden are 

 now crowned ; and the Riddarhus, or hall of assembly of the nobles, 

 in front of which is a statue of Gustavus Vasa, of bronze. From the 

 Staden a stone bridge leads to the Riddarholmen, which is much 

 smaller than Stockholmen, but which contains the old palace and tho 

 old church of Hiddarholmen, in which the kings and distinguished 

 persons born in Sweden ore buried, and about 5000 Sags are hung up, 

 the trophies of the Swedes in their numerous wars. In this church 

 are the remains of Gustavus Adolphus. Hiddarholmcu Island contains 

 several other public buildings. 



Soder Malm, or the southern division of Stockholm, is built on 

 the island of the same name, which is about 3 miles long and nearly 

 2 miles across in the widest part ; it is joined to Stockholmen by a 

 long bridge of boats, and provided with a large lock on account of 

 the great rapidity with which Lake Molar sometimes discharges its 

 waters. In the Soder Malm is the great depot of iron. The most 

 remarkable of the buildings are the town-hall, the Dnimk< n. or Great 

 Hospital, and the Maria Magdalene and the St. Catharine church. 

 The island of Lang Holuieu, which is farther west, and is united to 

 the Soder Malm by a bridge, contains the houses of correction ; and 



