673 



STOCKPORT. 



STOCKTON. 



674 





on Riikning Holmen, which likewise is joined to Soder Malm by a 

 bridge, there is a park. 



The Norr Malm, or northern division of the town, is on a gentle 

 slope, which gradually rises about 200 feet above the sea-level. It is 

 much better built than the Siider Malm, and has several fine squares 

 nud streets. A well-built bridge connects it with Stockholmen. On 

 the finest of the squares, called that of Gustavus Adolphus, is the 

 bronze equestrian statue of that great king. Near the squares is the 

 king's garden, which is used as a public promenade. Among the 

 churches of this part of Stockholm, that of Adolphus Frederick is 

 distinguished by its beauty. The observatory is well provided with 

 astronomical instruments and a library ; there is also a botanical 

 garden. The island of Kungsholmen, which lies west of Norr Malm, 

 is joined to it by two bridges. It contains the great iron-foundry estab- 

 lished by an Englishman, Mr. Owen ; a large hospital, the Bible 

 printing-office, and the royal cannon-foundry of Marieberg. Contigu- 

 ous to the Norr Malm on the east is Ladugords Giirdet, part of which 

 has been built upon, whilst another part has been converted into a 

 royal park, called Humblegord (Hop-garden), to which the public has 

 access. The island of Blasii Holmen has been converted into a 

 peninsula by filling up the narrow channel which divided it from the 

 continent, and now constitutes a portion of Norr Malm. It contains 

 some fine building?. Kastellholinen, a very elevated island, U planted 

 with fine tree* ; a castle is built here for the defence of the entrance 

 of the harbour. 



Stockholm H distinguished for the beauty of its environs. This 

 arises in part from the diversified channels which separate the islands 

 on which the city in built, and the picturesque variety of the channel 

 banks. Country-houses are dispersed over the hills surrounding the 

 town ; but the chief place of holiday resort is the zoological garden, 

 which lies eastward of the town. It occupies a peninsula two miles 

 long and about one mile wide. Within the zoological garden is the 

 royal country-seat of Johansdal, formerly called Rosendal, which is 

 surrounded by a large park. The most distinguished of the royal 

 country-houses lie to the west of the town, on islands in the Lake of 

 Miilarn ; they are Gripsholm, Drottningholm, and Swartajo. 



Stockholm is the seat of the government, and the place where the 

 legislative bodies generally meet. It contains the offices of the 

 branches of administration and the superior courts of justice. Beside* 

 the Royal Society of Sciences of Stockholm, which has greatly con- 

 tributed to the advancement of natural philosophy, chemutry, and 

 natural hiitory, there are a royal academy of literature, history, and 

 antiquities ; the Swedish academy, whose object is to promote the 

 cultivation of the native language ; an academy of military sciences ; 

 an ac.vlrmy of liberal art* ; a musical academy ; an academy of 

 apiculture, and numerous scientific, literary, and benevolent institu- 

 tions. The institutions for education are also numerous. 



The population of Stockholm in 1344 was 84,161 ; in 1850 it was 

 03,070. Stockholm is the most industrious and commercial town of 

 Sweden. There are manufactures of cloth, cotton, calico, silk, ribands, 

 . tobacco, leather, cast-iron, and soap. Large quantities of 

 foreign, and especially English, manufacture! are annually imported. 

 Nearly the whole of the superfluous produce of the countries north 

 and we-t of Stockholm U brought here, to be exported to foreign 

 countries. It is mostly shipped in SwedUh vestals. The moat import- 

 ant article of export is iron. Timber, board*, tar, pitch, copper, 

 cobalt, ready-built vessels, steel, brick*, and a few manufactured 

 articles are exported. An active commerce is carried on with England, 

 the United States of North America, Denmark, France, Prussia, 

 Portugal, the Netherlands, and Italy. The most important articles 

 of import are sugar, coffee, woollen manufactured goods, cotton, silk, 

 linen*, china and crockery, cheese, hides and skins, tallow and caudles, 

 dyciug-wnods, rnUius, tea, butter, wool, and spirits. 



S i"oi.'K I'oltT, Cheshire, an important manufacturing town, muni- 

 cipal and parliamentary borough, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, 

 in the parish of Stockport, is situated near the point where the rivers 

 Thnme and Goyt.by their junction, form the Mersey, in 53 25' N. lat., 

 2" 8' W. long., distant 33 miles N.E. from Chester, 176 miles N.W. 

 from London by road, and 1824 miles by the North- Western railway 

 viA Trent Valley. The population of the borough in 1851 was 53,835. 

 The borough is governed by 14 aldermen and 42 councillors, of whom 

 one U mayor, and returns two members to the Imperial Parliament. 

 The living is a rectory in the archdeaconry and diocese of Chester. 

 Stock port Poor-Law Union contains 17 parishes and townships, with 

 an area of 30,709 acres, and a population in 1851 of 90,174. 



The town of Stockport is irregularly laid out In the centre is a 

 largo open market-place. The new market-house has a handsome front, 

 and contains a large hall, covered by a semicircular iroa roof, with 

 lights in the crown. The town is well paved, and is lighted with gas. 

 The market-place and the parish church are on a tolerably extensive 

 level on the summit of the hill on which the town is built. There 

 are four bridges in or near the town, over the Mersey, and one over 

 the Thame. The 'old bridge' over the Mersey, near the market-place, 

 is o/ one lofty arch. Below the old bridge u a bridge of 11 arches, 

 crossing not only the river, but its valley, at an elevation of 40 feet 

 above the water. Vernon Bridge was built by subscription in 1829. 

 The Manchester and Birmingham branch of the North- Western mil- 

 way is carried over the valley of the Mersey by a magnificent viaduct. 

 oroo. j>rv. VOL. iv. 



The parish church, except the chancel, which is of the decorated 

 style, is modern, having been rebuilt early in the present century, in 

 the perpendicular style of architecture. There are in the borough 

 7 other places of worship belonging to the Establishment, 15 belong- 

 ing to five sections of Methodists, 5 to Independents, 3 to Baptists, 

 and 1 each to Roman Catholics, Unitarians, and Mormons. The 

 Grammar and Free schools, founded in 14S7, are under the pati-ouage 

 of the Goldsmiths' Company of London ; the number of scholars in 

 1854 was 38 in the Free school, and 100 in the Grammar school : the 

 school possesses two exhibitions of 50/. each at Oxford or Cambridge, 

 tenable for 3J years. There are also National, British, and Infant 

 schools ; schools connected with the Wesleyan Methodists nud the 

 Roman Catholics; a mechanics institute; several news-room?; an 

 infirmary; and a savings bank. 



Stockport is one of the principal seats of the cotton manufacture. 

 There are about 100 firms in Stockport and Heatoa Norris engaged in 

 different branches of this manufacture ; there are also three cotton- 

 printing establishments, two bleaching establishments, and several 

 dye-houses. Besides the cotton manufacture, which is the staple of 

 the town, the manufacture of silk goods, thread, hats, brushes, spindles, 

 and shuttles is carried on. There are extensive engine- and machine- 

 factories, several iron- and brass-foundries, and breweries in the town ; 

 and brick-fields in the vicinity. A branch canal communicates with 

 the Manchester and Ashton Canal. The market is on Friday, and is 

 the most important in Cheshire for corn, oatmeal, and cheese. There 

 are four yearly fairs, chiefly for cattle. Petty sessions ami a county 

 court are held in the town. 



STOCKTON, distinguished as STOCKTON-UPON-TEES, Durham, 

 a market-town, sea-port, municipal borough, anil the seat of a Poor- 

 Law Union, in the parish of Stockton-upon-Toes, is situated on tho 

 left bank of the river Tees, about four miles from its mouth, in 

 54 31' N. lat, 1" 18' W. Ion?., distant 20 miles S.E. by 8. from 

 Durham, 242 miles N. by E. from London by road, and 247J miles 

 by the Great Northern and Leeds Northern railways. The population 

 of the borough in 1851 was 1867; that of the town of Stockton wai 

 9808. The borough is governed by 6 aldermen and 18 councillors, of 

 whom one is mayor. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry and 

 diocese of Durham. Stockton Poor-Law Union contains 42 parishes 

 and townships, with an area of 83,774 acres, and a population in 1851 

 of 44,433. 



Stockton was at an early period the residence of the bishops of 

 Durham, who had a moated manor-house here, which afterwards was 

 called the castle. The castle was demolished in 1652. The traces of 

 the moat and embankment still mark the site. The river Tees 

 approaches Stockton in a northward direction, and then makes a 

 sudden bend towards the east The town is laid out with consider- 

 able regularity ; the principal street is broad, and extends nearly a 

 mile from south to north. Tho wharf is on tho bank of the river, 

 just above the bend, and runs parallel to the High-street At tho 

 southern extremity of the High-street a road from it crosses the 

 Tees into Yorkshire by a stone bridge of five nrcho'. The houses 

 are for the most part of brick. Besides the parish church, a spacious 

 brick-building erected early in the last century, there is another, called 

 Holy Trinity church, a neat gothic edifice with a square tower, sur- 

 mounted with an octagonal spire. There are places of worship for 

 Independents, Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterian?, Quakers, Koman 

 Catholics, and Unitarians ; National, British, Infant, Wesleyan, and 

 Roman Catholic schools; a school of Industry for girls; a Blue Coat 

 charity school ; a mechanics institute ; news-rooms ; a dispensary, and 

 a savings bank. The town-hall is a quadrangular building, surmounted 

 with a clock-tower and spire. There are a custom-house, assembly- 

 rooms, billiard-rooms, and a small theatre. 



The principal manufacture of Stockton is that of linen and sail- 

 cloth : ship-building, rope and sail-making, and yarn and worsted 

 spinning are carried on ; there are also iron- and brass-foundries, 

 breweries, and several corn-mills. The navigation of the river Tees 

 has bean improved by a cut just below the town, whereby a consider- 

 able bend is avoided. The chief imports are timber, deals, masts, 

 spars, staves, iron, hemp, flax, tallow, oak-bark, linseed, clover-seed, 

 hides, &c., from foreign parts ; and groceries, wine, spirits, and colonial 

 produce brought coastwise. The exports to foreign parts are chielly 

 lead, and that in small quantities : the exports coastwise to London, 

 Leith, Hull, Sunderland, &c., are chiefly of flour, butter, cheese, 

 bacon, oak, timber, linen, linen and worsted yarn, lead, and especially 

 coal. The number of vessels registered as belonging to the port of 

 Stockton on December 31st 1853 was 157 sailing-vessels of 2S.408 

 tons aggregate burden, and 26 steam-vessels of 603 tons aggregate 

 burden. During 1853 there entered the port 1000 sailing-vessels of 

 98,274 tons, and 1 steam-vessel of 13 tons burden, and cleared 31<il 

 sailing-vessels of 305,540 tons burden, and 13 steam-vessels of 11:!:! 

 tons. By the Stockton and Darlington, the Stockton, Hartlcpool, and 

 Clarence, and the Leeds Northern railways, which have stations at 

 Stockton, the town is placed in connection with the whole railway 

 system of England and Scotland ; there are also several branch and 

 junction lines for local convenience, in conveying the produce of tho 

 numerous collieries. Markets are held on Wednesday and Saturday. 

 Two yearly fairs are held, besides a cattle-fair, or great market, on the 

 last Wednesday of every mouth. There are extensive coal-works and 



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