CS1 



STRYMOy. 



STYRIA. 



OS2 



N. lat, 2' 12' W. louj., distant 9 miles S. by E. from Gloucester, 101 

 miles W. by N. from London by road and by the Great Western rail- 

 way. The population of the parliamentary borough in 1851 was 

 36,535. The borough returns two members to the Imperial Parlia- 

 ment. The living ia a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Glou- 

 cester, acd diocese of Gloucester and Bristol. Stroud Poor-Law Union 

 contains 15 parishes and townships, with an area of 43,720 acres, aud 

 a population in 1851 of 37,386. 



The borough of Stroud comprehends an important part of the west 

 of England clothing district. The mills are situated on streams in 

 deep ravines ; the houses are built on the hill sides, in a scattered and 

 irregular manner, and the valleys are studded with houses and 

 thickly inhabited. The Stroud water has long been celebrated as 

 being peculiarly adapted for use in the process of dyeing scarlet cloth. 

 The town of Stroud is lighted with gas and paved, and contains many 

 good hou-p?. Xew subscription rooms have been recently erected. 

 The parish church is a largo building of various dates ; it consists of a 

 nave, chancel, and side aisles, with a tower and spire at the western 

 end. There are also Trinity church, erected in Ib37, chapels for 

 Independent?, Baptists, and Wesleyau and Primitive Methodists; 

 National, British, aud Infant schools ; a dispensary, and a casualty 

 ho'j.ital. The market is on Friday, and there are cattle-fairs on 

 May 10th and August 21st. A county court is held. 



BTBTMON. [AKPHIPOI.I; MACEDONIA.] 



STUBHKKIOIilNG. [FALSTER.] 



.STL'Hl, \VKISSKNliURG. [HuxoART.] 



8TUKMINSTHR, or STURMINSTEll NKWTOWN CASTLE, 

 Dorsetshire, a market-town and the sent of a Poor-Law Union, in the 

 parish of Sturminster Nowtown Castle, is situated in 50 55' X. lat., 

 2 18' W. long., distant 22 miles N.N.E. from Dorchester, and 10!) 

 'A'.S.W. from London. The population of the parish of Stur- 

 minster in 1 351 wns 1916, of which number the town contained about 

 one-hlf. Tho living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Dorset and 

 diocese of Salisbury. Sturminster Poor-Law Union contains 19 parishes 

 and townships, with an area of 37,474 acres, aud a population in 1851 

 of In,:'. '.'. St':rniinster is situated in a fertile vale chiefly on the left 

 bank of the river Stour ; the two divisions of the town (Sturminster 

 <ni the left, and Newtown Castle on the right bank) being connected 

 by a caiueway and a bridge of six arches. The market-house is a very 

 ancient building; near it is the base of a cross, on four steps. The 

 parirh church is a handsome edifice, lately rebuilt, consisting of a 

 chancel, nave, two aisles, and an embattled tower. The Wesleyan and 

 Primitive M-th "list* have places of worship. There are National 

 schools and a literary and scientific institution. The market for corn 

 I on Thursday. There are large markets for cattle on each alter- 

 nate Thumlay, and fairs on May 12th and October '21th. 



STUTTGART, the capital of the kingdom of Wurtemberg, is 

 situated almost in the centre of the kingdom, within two miles of 

 the left bank of the Neckar, in 48* 46' N. lat, " 10' K long., 810 feet 

 above the level of the sea, and has about 30,000 inhabitants. It lies 

 at the bottom of a valley, surrounded on three sides by mountains 

 ami liilU, which are covered with vineyards and gardens. The old 

 part of the eity is ill-built, the streets bring narrow and irregular, 

 ami the houses, for the most part, of wood. The more modern parts 

 have straight streets, intersecting each other at right angles, and 

 contain many handsome buildings. The finest street is the Konigs 

 Stnsse, which crosses the whole city and passes one end of the square, 

 in which the old and now palaces and th theatre are situated. The 

 new palace is a noble edifice, consisting of a centre and two wings ; 

 in front of it is a spacious parade. The gardens snJ grounds extend 

 to the royal country-real of Rosenstein, near Kannstadt. In the vicinity 

 of the palace there are several public institutions. Among other 

 b'lil lings deserving notice are the gymnasium, the former military 

 academy, the old palace, the opera-house, the foreign office, the royal 

 mows, the palaco of the estates of the kingdom, the new hospital ; a 

 colossal bronze statue of Schiller, designed by Thorwaldsen, has been 

 erected in front of the Stiftskircho, which stands behind the old 

 palace, and contains monuments of the dukes of Wurtemberg ; and 

 the three barracks, which are among the most considerable buildings 

 in the city. There are numerous public and private collections of 

 works of art, and several libraries ; the public royal library contains 

 200,000 volumes. The king's private library of 30,000 volumes 

 contains valuable old works and manuscripts, and a great variety of 

 . i publications. Stuttgart has a gymnasium, an academy of 

 art*, a school of arts, a botanic garden, a veterinary school, a statistical 

 society, a savings bank, an- 1 numerous useful and charitable institu- 

 tions. The manufactures of Stuttgart comprise linen and woollen- 

 cloth', silk, cotton, gloves, carpets, shawls, Ac., articles in gold, silver, 

 and bronze ; mathematical, philosophical, optical, aud musical instru- 

 ments; cabinet furniture, lackered ware, and carriages. The bark 

 trade is extremely flourishing. The city is well situated for trade, 

 the Neckar connecting it with the navigation of the Rhine. Railways 

 unite it with Ulm, Augsburg, Munich, and Friedrichsbafen, on the 

 Lake of Constani ; and a line running west-north-west from Stuttgart, 

 joins the trunk lino of railway on tho right bank of the Rhine at 

 Bnichaal. 



The name of Stuttgart first occurs in 1229. In 1286 it was besieged 

 for seven weeks by the emperor Rudolph I. la 1320 the counts of 



Wurtemberg fixed their residence here, and since 14S2 it has been 

 the capital of all the possessions of the house of Wurtemberg. 



STYRIA, a Crownland of Austria, formerly styled the Duchy of 

 Styria, ia situated between 45 54' aud 47 50' N. lat, 13 30' and 

 16 25' E. long. It is bounded N. by the archduchy of Austria, W. 

 by Illyria, S. by lllyria and Croatia, and E. by Croatia aud Huugary. 

 The northern and western part of the country is covered with, high 

 mountains, which are called by the general name of the Styrian Alps. 

 One branch of these mountains separates the valley of the Ens from 

 that of the Mur, runs south-east, as far as tho Wild Alps, to the west 

 of Semmering, where it joins the None Alps, and then proceeding in 

 a south-easterly direction forms the boundary towards Austria below 

 the Ens, extends into Hungary, and gradually declines to the plain of 

 Oedenburg. The other branch divides the valley of tho Mur from 

 that of the Drave, and forms the frontier between Styria and Carin- 

 thia. To the south of the Mur the Bacher chain is the continuation 

 of this branch. A third mountain chain runs from Loibl to the 

 Save, and forms on that side the boundary towards Carinthia. None 

 of the mountains rise to the line of perpetual snow ; on the north- 

 western frontier there are some glaciers, but still below the absolute 

 snow-line. Tho highest mountains are the Grusseuberg, S381 feet; 

 the Eiseuhut, 7676 feet; the Grimming, 7540 feet; the Stangalpe, 

 7140 feet; the Uochschwab, 7154 feet; and the Baohstein, 7008 feet 

 above the level of the sen. The southern aud eastern part of the 

 crownlaud contains few lofty mountains, but there are many of 

 moderate elevation, aud numerous gentle eminences, some of which 

 are separated by extensive valleys. In conformity with the physical 

 character of the country, it is popularly divided into Upper Styria, 

 which comprises the smaller north-western portion, which is entirely 

 mountainous, and Lower Styria, which is the south-eastern, and larger, 

 lower, and level portion. The mountains of Styria are in many parts 

 covered with valuable forests; ami the whole country is well- wooded 

 and celebrated for its romantic or beautiful scenery. The country 

 has numerous rivers, all of which lion- into the Danube, and for the 

 most part by an east course. The principal rivers are the Mur, \vhiuh 

 rises in a lake, traverses the centre of the country for about 180 miles, 

 and enters Huugary before its junction with the Drave ; the Drave, 

 the Ens, tho Kiiab, and the Save, which touches the southern frontier, 

 and receives the Sou and the Sotla. The Mar, Drave, Ens, and Save 

 are navigable by boats. There are no largo lakes, but tuany small 

 ones. The country abounds in cold, warm, and hot mineral-springs. 

 Like all countries that abound ia limestone mountains, Styria has 

 numerous caverns and grottoes. 



The air in the mountains u cold ; in the valleys the temperature U 

 much milder. A great part of Upper Styria consists of limestone 

 rocks and sterile mountains, but Lower Styria bos many very fertile 

 tracts. Among the animals are the common domestic animals, game, 

 poultry, fish, and bees. The breeding of cattle is very general. The 

 animals are small, they are driven in summer to the highest parts of 

 the mountains, and brought back to tho plains in autumn. Sheep 

 are not numerous, and the horses are more fit for draught than for 

 the saddle. The vegetable products are very diversified : wheat, rye, 

 barley, and oats, though uot abundant in Upper Styria, are of remark- 

 ably tine quality. In Lower Styria there are likewise maize, millet, 

 and buckwheat, pulse, potatoes, and culinary vegetables, tho poppy, 

 sunflower, and rape-seed are grown for oil. A little hemp and some 

 flax are raised ; hops are cultivated with success. Wine and fruit are 

 among the chief productions. Timber is a very important article. 

 The principal kinds of timber are oak, beech, larch, pine, and fir ; 

 che-tnut, walnut-tree, red yew, stone-pine, lime, white poplar, aud 

 willow are scattered over the whole country, but for the nio.it part 

 they grow in forests. Many of the inhabitants derive their entire 

 means of subsistence from the forests. Tho timber is felled aud ex- 

 ported in rafts down the rivers. Where there are no streams to float 

 it the timber is conveyed down the sides of the mountains by means 

 of semicircular troughs, which are composed of fir-trees with the bark 

 off, and extend in some instances for many miles. Down these 

 inclined planes the heavy logs descend with incredible velocity to the 

 lake or stream which tiret receives them ; they aro theu floated down 

 to the lower country. Uuly the finest trunk-i are formed into r.ifts 

 and transported to the Danube or into the Adriatic for ship-building. 

 Sometimes tho mountain streams arc confined by sluice gates till 

 sufficient water is collected to carry the wood down to a larger stream. 

 By means of windlasses worked by the power of mountain torrents, 

 tho logs are conveyed up inclined planes from the valleys where this 

 is necessary. A vast deal of the timber of these forests is used for 

 fuel in the mines, and in tho numerous smelting-works and furnaces, 

 and other industrial establishments of the country ; for this purpose 

 a large proportion of it is converted into charcoal The greatest 

 wealth of .Styria consists in iU mines, which are confined to the 

 smaller mountainous portion of the country. The most important 

 minerals are iron, silver, copper, lead, alum, cobalt, sulphur, salt, 

 marble, and coal. 



The most important manufacture is iron. The iron-mines in the 

 Erzberg, in the north of Styria, were well known to tho Romans, 

 This mountain does not contain the ore in veins or strata, but presents 

 a solid mass of iron-ore, which has been wrought without interruption 

 for eleven centuries. There are a few manufactories of linen, cotton, 



