8UABIA. 



SUEZ, ISTHMUS OF. 



WVBIMV, and 'lk. Th*n i* a Tery brink trade between Up] 

 Lower Siyn, UM laur supplies the former with corn, wine, and 

 Vrt^rr". and rveeivw in return iron, Umber, and nit. The exports 

 id trthrr countries ar chiefly cattle, steel, iron, copper, and lead, to 

 Aattria, Hungary, and European Turkey ; vast number* of scythes 

 aad sickles, cieal and MOM other iron-wares, to Italy, France, Poland, 

 aod KUSSM. Among UM smaller artiolea of iron, wTeral millions of 



aod KUSSM. Among 



Jsws-harps an annually exported. The import* conni.t of fine cloths 

 IUMBS, cottons, silks, and jewellery, and colonial produce The tranalt 

 trad* between Italy and Germany, from Vienna to Trieste, i very 

 important, and greatly facilitated by good road*. and by the Vienna- 

 TrLsU railway, which crosses the Semuwring Mountain between 

 Uloggniu and Uuriuwchlag in this province, and passes through 

 UraokTawU. Mahrburg on the Drave, and Cilll 



The orowuland is divided into three circles, which, with their sub- 

 divisions, area, and population, are at follow* : 



The inhabitant* are mostly of German, partly of Wendish origin. 

 They are all Catholics except about 5000, who are Lutherans, and 65 

 who are Calvinista, Education U widely diffused by means of the 

 unirenity of drat* : 5 gymnasia in Gr.itz, Mahrburg, Cilli, Juden- 

 borgi J st Lanibrocht ; 2 schools of art ; 2 theological academies ; 

 and above 1250 common and adult school*. 



Toriu. GUAM, the capital of the whole crownland and of the circle 

 of Grit*, forms the subject of a separate article. The other towns are 

 mostly small ; the more important are here given : liruck, a manu- 

 facturing town of 2500 inhabitant;, is situated 33 miles N. by railway 

 from GmU, at the junction of the Murtz with the Mur. Its position 

 on a navigable river, and at the junction of several highways with 

 the great road from Vienna to Italy, confers upon this town an 

 important transit trade ; besides which there is a great export of iron 

 and irou implements manufactured in the furnaces and foundries of 

 tha town. Jtulcnbtrg, higher up the Mur and on its right bank, has 

 copper-works, a great manufacture of scythes, a printing-office, a 

 gymnasium, and about 2000 inhabitants, exclusive of the military. In 

 the mountains near it are mines of coal. Leaden, 9 miles W. from 

 Brack, on the left bank of the Mur, has a population of 2500, who 

 trade in bar-iron, charcoal, and salt. There are numerous iron-mines 

 and iron-works here ; jet- and coal-mines are worked in the neighbour- 

 hood. The preliminaries of the treaty of Campo-Formio, between 

 the French and tho Austrian*, were signed in this town in ITU". 

 Pmntemfrld, near the Hungarian frontier, has a custom-house, a large 

 tobacco-factory, and about 4000 inhabitants. JMahrburg, 41 miles 

 N.N.K. by railway from Cilli, stands on the left bank of the Dravo, 

 and has a population of 5000, who trade in wine, corn, leather, 

 rosoglio, and fruits. It is defended by a castle, and has a gymnasium 

 and an arsenal Cilli, which is said to occupy the site of Claudia 

 CMa, a town in the south-east of Noricum, is situated on the Sun, 

 86 miles by railway 8. from Gr.itz, and has a gymnasium, a training- 

 school, and 2000 inhabitants, who trade in corn and wine. Coal-mines 

 arc worked near Cilli. Eitenerz, a village of about 1600 inhabitants, 

 remarkable for its great iron-works and manufacture of steel, stands 

 at the foot of the famous Erzberg, which is literally a mount of iron- 

 ore about 3000 feet high and 5 miles in circuit. 



SUABIA (Schwaben, the country of the Suevi), one of the ten circles 

 into which Germany was divided previous to 1806, comprehended 

 the south-western part of Germany, one of the most beautiful and 

 fertile tracU of the whole empire, traversed by the Danube from the 

 south-wot to the north-east, and covered by the mountainous region 

 of UM Schwarzwald, or Black Forest, on the west, and by the Alps in 

 UM interior and on the south. It was situated between France, 

 Bavaria, Switzerland, FranconU, and the circle of the libine, and had 

 an are* of 13,000 square miles, with 2,200,000 inhabitants. Its chief 

 natural productions are corn, wine, and fruit, and in the mountainous 

 put* minerals, and timber, which is floated down the Ncckar and the 

 Rhine to Holland. Christianity was introduced at the beginning of 

 the 7th century by the Irish monk Columba. In the year 1030 

 Usury IV. (ave the duchy of Suabia to Frederick of Hohenstauffen, 

 UM ancestor of the emperors of the liou-o of Suabia. Under his sue- 

 MSMI'S the Buabiaos were the richest, the most civilised, and the most 

 ranxcted of all the nations of Germany. But when the Italian wars 

 and UM contest with the Ouelpbs had broken the power of the house 

 of HubeosUuffro, and it became extinct on the execution of Conrad 

 in 12*9, their vassals, cities, prelates, and counts made themselves 

 independent Tk country is now divided between Wurtetnberg, 

 Bavaria, and Baden. The Urg-rt cities are Augsburg, Stuttgart, and 

 Ulm. Ths Bavarian portion forms the circle of >W'ia, which was 

 formerly called Upper Danube. It has an area of 3475 square miles, 

 and a population of 55,783. The chief town is AUUIBURU, which it 



miucted by railway and electro-telegraphic wires with all tho 

 l>riuui[>al towns of Germany. 



SUAKIN, a seaport town, situated ou an island near the west shore 

 of the Red Sea, in 19 4' N. Int., 37 30' E. long. The i-l.i 

 near the extremity of a narrow inlet, about 12 miles iu K'imt!> 

 miles iu width. The entrance of the bay is only about 00 fathom* 

 wide, but it opens gradually to 2 miles. The town is separated frum 

 its suburb, called El Geyf, which stands on the mainland, by an arm 

 of the sea about 500 yards wide. The harbour is formed by a pro- 

 jecting part of the continent to the east of the town. Thu arm of 

 the sea ou the west side affords no anchorage for ships of any size. 

 The islands and all the surrounding country are sandy, and produce 

 only a few shrubs or low acacias. The houses of the town have one 

 or two stories, and are constructed of blocks of madrepores. Tho 

 suburb El Geyf is larger than the town itself. Suakia has throe 

 mosques, and El Geyf one mosque. The water is bad. Burukhardt 

 estimated the population of Suakin at about 8000, of whom 3000 live 

 upon the island and the rest in El Geyf. Suakin ia an important 

 trading-place. It exports to Jidda, Hodeyda, and other Arabian ports 

 commodities received from eastern and central Africa, such as slaves, 

 gold, tobacco, incense, ostrich feathers, dhurr.i, water-skins, leathern 

 sacks, tanned hides, butter in a liquid state, doum mat*, horses, and 

 dromedaries. From Jidda and other Arabian ports are imported 

 Indian and other tissues, as dresses and ornaments for women, house- 

 hold utensils, sugar, coffee, onions, dates, and much iron for lances 

 and knives. Many of the African Mohammedans take Suakin on tho 

 pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina. 



SUBIACO. [KOMA, COMAUCA DL] 



80BZULOOTB. [HINDUSTAN.] 



SUDAN. [SOODAN.] 



SUDBURY, Suffolk, a municipal borough, market-town, and tho 

 seat of a Poor-Law Union, is situated ou the left bank of tin 

 Stour, in 52 2' N. lat., 43' E. long., 16 miles S. from Bury St. 

 Edmunds, 54 miles N.E. from London by road, and 63 miles by the 

 Eastern Counties and Eastern Union railways. The population of 

 the borough in 1851 was 6043. The borough is governed by four 

 aldermen and 12 councillors, of whom one is mayor. Sudbm-y sent 

 two members to Parliament until 1844, when it was disfran 

 for bribery and corruption. The livings are iu the archdeaconry of 

 Sudbury and diocese of Ely. Sudbury Poor-Law Union contain 

 42 parishes and townships, with oil area of 78,302 acres, and a popu- 

 lation in 1851 of 30,814. 



Sudbury is a borough by prescription. It was one of tli 

 towns in which Edward III. settled the Flemings in order to instruct 

 his subjects in the woollen manufacture. A church and priory, i 

 which few vestiges remain, were erected here in 1272 for Dominican 

 friars. The Knights Hospitallers had a house near the bridge, witii 

 the tolls of which it was endowed. Near the town was a Benedictine 

 cell attached to Westminster Abbey. The three parish church 

 chiefly of perpendicular character. All Saints church was, from the 

 year 1150 to the Reformation, appropriated to St. Albans abbey. In 

 the chancel of St. Gregory's church the body of Archbishop Theobald, 

 who was beheaded in 1381 by Wat Tyler's mob, was interred; anil 

 the head, dried by art, is still preserved. The Independents, Baptist?, 

 and Quakers have places of worship. The Grammar school has an 

 endowment of 901, a year. There are Church of England, National, 

 and British schools, nud a savings bank. 



The town is neat, clean, well-built, paved, and lighted. Ballingdon, 

 in Essex, forms a suburb to Sudbury, with which it is united by a 

 bridge over the Stour. The town-hall and the corn-exchange are 

 modern buildings. The silk manufacture is the principal branch of 

 industry in the town. The river navigation, which is not good, ha.* 

 b vn almost superseded by the railway. A corn-market H held on 

 Thursday, and a general market on Saturday. Fairs arc held in 

 March and July. Quarter sessions and a county court are held. 



SUDELEY. [QLouCESTEiumiBE.] 



SUDKRMANIA. [SwBMsT.] 



SUDET.SCH or SUDETIC MOUNTAINS. [AUSTRIA ; PBUSSIA.] 



SDDSCHA. [KonsK.] 



SUEZ, ISTHMUS OF, connects Africa with Asia, and separates 

 the Mediterranean from the Red Sea. Its extent from north to south 

 a little exceeds seventy-two miles. The most northern recess of the 

 harbour of Suez, on the Hod Sen, is hardly a mile south of 30 N. l:it., 

 and the village of Tyneh, on the Mediterranean, near the arm of the 

 Nile, which in ancient times was called the Pelusiac, and which at 

 present is blocked up with sand, is only about two miles north of 

 31 N. lat. There once existed a canal on the isthmus, nnd numerous 

 traces of it still appear in several places; it united the Red Sea wit.i 

 the river Nile. This canal was commenced when Egypt was an 

 independent kingdom, under Neoho, about 2500 years ago, and was 

 completed by Darius. (Herod, ii. 157.) 



The whole tract, from Suez to Tyneh, is uninhabited. Drinkable 

 water occurs only in one or two places. The surface, in general, 

 consists of sandstone, which in many places, by disintegration, has 

 been converted into sand. In some places occur considerable depres- 

 sions, which are covered with salt swamps or salt lakes. A depression 

 of a somewhat different kind extends across the isthmus from Suez to 

 Tyneh, not in a straight Hue, but diverging first to the west, and after- 



