- : 



SUFFOLK. 



9 m(V- S. by E. from Saxmundham, has a small church, with a very 

 ' T and a cnrioiuly-eculpturvd font The Wealeyan Method- 

 ist* hare a chapel, and there are National sohooU. The site of 

 Soap* Abbey U now occupied by a farm-house. At Snape Bridge an 

 annual hone fair U held on August llth. On the river Aide arc 

 wbarfa, where Urge quantities of barley and malt are shipped for 

 I/union and other places. The SouIJteltUuttu are seven villages, 

 situated new each other, varying in distance south-west from Bungay 

 from S to 7 miles. The parish populations in 1851 were All Saints, 

 SJ2; SL Nicholas, 94 ; St George, or St Cros, or Sandcroft, 253; 

 SL Jama*, 880; St Margaret, 182 ; St Michael, 150 ; and St Peter, 

 07. The bishops of Norwich had, in the 12th and 13th centuries, a 

 palace and park at Southelmharn. The villages are rural, and the 

 inhabitants chiefly engaged in farming. All Saints' church is an 

 ancient edifice, with a round tower. St George's or Sandcroft church, 

 a Mat building, with a square tower, was enlarged in 1841. Stoke- 

 fty .VayfaiuJ. population 1406, about 6 miles S. by W. from Hadleigh, 

 ha* a church, a chapel of ease, a Roman Catholic chapel, and National 

 and Infant school*. The StoiUasu Aipall Slonltan, population 814; 

 Harl SkHUaat, 80; and Parra or LtUle Shmkam, 402; are situated 

 bout 5 mile* E.N.B. from Stowmarket Aspall Stonham church is 

 a good building, with a spire ; there are a Free school and a National 

 school. Earl Stonbam has a fine church, with a tower; a small 

 chapel for DisMOter*, National schools, and some parochial charities. 

 Stonham Parva has a gothic church, with chancel and square tower. 

 The Baptists have a chapel, and there are National and Infant schools. 

 SuOtm, population 732, about 4 miles S.E. from Woodbridge, has an 

 ancient church, built of stone and brick, and a small chapel for 

 BsptistSL There is a ferry across the Deben to Woodbridge. Walsham- 

 le-WUIotn, population 1297, about 12 miles E.N.E. from Bury St. 

 Edmunds, has a commodious and handsome church, with a tower; 

 chapels lor Wealeyan Methodists, Independents, and Baptists ; and a 

 Free school Ropemaking, brewing, and malting are carried on. 

 WtcUutm Market, population 1697, of whom 304 were in Plomeggate 

 Union workhouse, about 5 miles N. by E. from Woodbridge, is situated 

 on a hill commanding an extensive prospect. It possesses a church, 

 which has been recently repaired; a chapel for Independents, enlarged 

 in 1845; National and British schools ; a literary and scientific insti- 

 tution, with museum and library ; a horticultural society ; a mutual 

 benefit society ; an odd fellows' lodge ; and the public rooms, built in 

 IMS. Brick-making is carried on. In the vicinity are numerous 

 windmills. WngfieUL, population 654, about 8 miles E. by N. from 

 Eye, has a handsome church, with a clerestory of 24 windows ; in the 

 interior are reveral monuments of historical interest There is a 

 National school A few traces remain of Wingfield Castle, a little 

 way south from the village. Yoxford, population 1272, about 4 miles 

 N. by E. from Saxmundham, is pleasantly situated, and has a well- 

 built street of modern houses. There are National schools. 



/'iririoiM for Sctteneutical and Legal Purposes. Suffolk was for- 

 merly wholly included in the diocese of Norwich : the eastern part 

 u still in that diocese, the western in the diocese of Ely. The county 

 is divided into the archdeaconries of Suffolk and Sudbury. It is 

 included in the Norfolk circuit. The assizes are held in the summer 

 at Bury St Edmunds, and in Lent at Ipswich. Quarter sessions for 

 toe respective divisions are held at Bury, Ipswich, Beccles, and Wood- 

 bridge. There are county jails and houses of correction at Bury and 

 Ipswich ; county houses of correction at Woodbridge and Beccles ; 

 and borough prisons at Ipswich, Bury, Eye, Sudbury, Aldeburgh, South- 

 woM, and Orford. County courts are held at Beccles, Bury St Ed- 

 munds, Eye, Framlingbam, Halesworth, Harleston, Ipswich, Lowestoft, 

 Mildenhali, Stowmarket, Thetford, and Woodbridge. By the Poor- 

 Law Commissioners the county ia divided into 17 unions, namely, 

 Blything, Bosmere and Claydon, Bury St. Edmunds, Cosford, Hartis- 

 mere, Hoxne, Ipswich, Mildenhali, Mutford and Lothintfand, Plomes- 

 Rate, Rubridge, Samford, Stow, Sudbury, Thingoe, Wangford, and 

 Woodbridgr. These unions comprise 514 parishes and townships, 



nth an area of 928,819 acres, and a population in 1851 of 335,655. 

 Before the Reform Act was passed Suffolk returned 16 members to 

 Parliament : two for the county, and two each for Ipswich, Bury, 

 Sudbury, Eye, Orford, Aldeburgh, and Dunwich. By the Reform Act 

 the county was formed into two division*, the Eastern and Western, 

 each returning two members; Dunwich, Orford, and Aldeburgh were 

 entirely disfranchised, and Eve was reduced to one member : Sudbury 

 was disfranchised in 1 84 4. Nine members are therefore now returned 

 from Suffolk, being seven less than before the Reform Act 



/ftstorir end AntiqMia. Suffolk appears to have been compre. 

 headed with Norfolk in the territories of the Simeni of Ptolemicns, 



sailed by other* the Iccnl It was included in the Roman province of 



KUvu CnsarKO-Us. There were several British or Roman towns in 



ils county, as ttieSiUnnsgus, probably near Dunwich, Cambrctonium, 



near Orundisburgb, ami Ad Ansani of Antoninus, at Stratford. A 



from Lon.limum (London) and Camalodumim (< 'olchester) 



i county at Stratford, between Colchester and Ipswich, 



od, leavjng Ipswich on the right, ran in a northward direction to 

 > Ipswich and Norwich road near Need ham-Market; and then coin- 

 ilh the present Una of that road till it quits the county to enter 

 k at Scole Inn. Another line, the ' Peddar-Way, 1 or ' leddar- 

 ', entering the county from Norfolk, across the Little Ouse near 



ftushford, runs southward to the neighbourhood of Ixwortb, where 

 Roman remains have been discovered. The Ikeiiielil -street crossed the 

 county in a south-west direction from the Little Ouse to the neighbour- 

 Hood of Newmarket In the eastern part of Suffolk a road, known 

 as Stone-street, entered the county across the icstuary of the Waveuoy 

 at Bungay, and ran by Halesworth to Dunwich. The south-western 

 :orner of the county was crossed by a road which formed part of a 

 line from Camslodunum (Colchester) to Camboritum (Cambridge). 

 There were other leu important roads. Roman antiquities have been 

 Found at Blythburgh, on Bungay Common, at Bury, at Dunwich, ut 

 Bye, at Haughley, near Stowmarket, where a Norman castle was 

 erected on the site of a Roman camp, at Ickworth, near Bury, at 

 lining, or Exniug, near Newmarket, at Stow Langtoft, where are tho 

 remains of a camp, at Felixstow, near the mouth of tho Debeu, at 

 Weuham near Stratford, at Melford, and at other places. 



In the Anglo-Saxon period Suffolk passed through similar change* 

 to NOBFOLK. It was probably settled by a body of Angles imli - 

 pendent of those who occupied Norfolk. The names of South Folk 

 ind North Folk describe the relative position of these two bodies. 

 Suffolk was probably, from its proximity to the other Anglo-Saxon 

 states, the more important division of the two. The battle in which 

 Annas, or Anna, king of East Anglia, and his son Firminius, Ml 

 fighting against Peuda, king of Mercia (A.r>. C54), ia supposed to have 

 occurred at Bull Camp, or Bulchamp, near Blythburgh. Annas ia 

 said to have been buried at Blythburgh. St. Edmund, king of East 

 Anglia, contemporary of Ethelrud I., brother and predecessor of 

 Alfred the Great, was taken by the Danes (870), and murdered at 

 Hagilsdun, now Hoxne (on the bank of the Waveney, near Scole), 

 and was first buried there; but his body was afterwards removed 

 to Bury, which has obtained from him its distinctive title of Bury 

 St. Edmunds. The Danes on several occasions plundered the town of 

 Ipswich. 



In the civil war of Stephen and Henry of Anjou, afterwards 

 Henry II., Ipswich, which was held by Hugh Bigod for Henry, was 

 taken by Stephen (1153). In 1173 a battle took place at Fornhatn 

 St Oenevieve, between Bury and Mildeuhall, when a body of Flemings, 

 under the Earl of Leicester, in the interest of Prince Henry, against 

 his father Henry II., were defeated by the king's army. In tho civil 

 war of John tho county was reduced to subjection (1216) by William 

 Fitzpiers, for Prince Louis of France, whom the barons had invited 

 over to oppose John. In the insurrection of the populace in the time 

 of Richard II. (13S2), the people of Suffolk took arms, and murdered, 

 at Bury, Sir John Cavendish, chief justice of England, and some of 

 the monks of the abbey. In tho disturbances caused by the attempt 

 of Henry VIII. and his minister Wolsey to raise money by a royal 

 decree (1525), the people of Suffolk rose in rebellion, but the dukes 

 of Norfolk and Suffolk prevailed on them to diapersa A part <>!' the 

 inhabitants of Suffolk took port in Kelt's rebellion (154U). On the 

 death of Edward VI. and the proclamation of Lady Jane Urey as bin 

 successor, the Princess Mary, Edward's sister, who wiis at Kenuingball 

 in Norfolk, removed to Framlingham Castle, where her partisan:) 

 flocked to her. The Duke of Northumberland, Jane's father-in-law 

 and general, advanced to Newmarket and from thence to Bury to 

 oppose Mary, but retired next day to Cambridge; and the g 

 feeling of the kingdom being in favour of Mary, she advanced from 

 Framlingham to London, dismissing her Suffolk forces by (he way. 



In the middle ages Suffolk appears to have abounded with relL'ioiu 

 establishments. Tanner (' Notitia Monastica') enumerates 50 abbeys, 

 priories, hospitals, or colleges. The interesting remains of Bury Abbey 

 and the monastic ruins of liungay are noticed in our accounts of 

 towns. There are remains of Butlcy Abbey, between Wo > 

 and Orford ; Sibton Abbey, near Yoxford ; Herringfleet Augu 

 Priory, near Lowestoft ; Leiston Preraonstrntensiau Abbey, near the 

 coast, between Dunwich and Aldeburgh; mid Mundham Clunia: 

 Priory, on the Waveney. There are also monastic ruins at 

 Dunwich, and Clare. Of castellated remains the most remarkable 

 are Framliugham, Orford, Clare, Bungay, Mettinglmm, and Win 

 Mettiugham Castle is near Bungay; a considerable portion of the 

 gate-tower and fragments of the walls are standing. WiugfiuM it 

 near Eye : the south or entrance front is still entire ; the west side 

 has been made into a farm-house. Of old mansion-houses, with which 

 tho county abounds, Flixton Hall near Bungay ; Qiffard's Hall, at 

 Stoke-by-Nayland, on the Stour ; Helmingham Hall, near Debenhain; 

 Hengrave Hall, north-west of Bury; Kentwell Hall and M 

 Hall, near Sudbury; and Parham Hall, near Framlingham, may bo 

 mentioned. 



Few events connected with tlie great civil war of Charles I. occnnvd 

 in this county. In the Dutch war of Charles II. two i; 

 mvnts were fought on the coast. Tho first was fought ;!nl .lime 1605 

 off Lowestoft The English fleet consisted of 114 ships of war :m.l 

 a number of fire-ships and ketches, tinder the Duke of York (after- 

 wards James II.), and the Dutch fleet, of above 100 ships > ; 

 besides small vessels, under admirals Opdam, Cornelius van Tromp, 

 and others. After a severe battle the Dutch were beaten with tho 

 loss of 18 men-of-war taken and 14 sunk or burned. The English 

 lost one ship. The second battle was fought in Southwold Bay in 

 1 672. A combined fleet, consisting, according to the lowest statement, 

 of 65 English and 35 French men-of-war, under the Duke of York as 



